---
title: 'The Protocols and World Revolution'
url: 'https://samisdat.in/books/the-protocols-and-world-revolution-1920/read'
markdown: 'https://samisdat.in/books/the-protocols-and-world-revolution-1920/read.md'
lang: eng
date: '1920-06-15'
description: 'T H E PROTOCOLS AN D WORL D REVOLUTIO N INCLUDIN G A TRANSLATIO N AN D ANALYSI S O F TH E "PROTOCOL S O F TH E MEETING S O F TH E ZIONIS T ME N O F WISDOM " BOSTO N SMALL , MAYNAR D & COMPAN Y PUBLISHER S COPYRIGHT , 1920 B Y SMALL , MAYNAR D & COMPAN Y All rights reserved "БЯЙЗХ ЕСТЬ, …'
---

# **T H E PROTOCOLS AN D WORL D REVOLUTIO N**

INCLUDIN G A TRANSLATIO N AN D ANALYSI S O F TH E

"PROTOCOL S O F TH E MEETING S O F TH E ZIONIS T ME N O F WISDOM "

![](https://samisdat.in/user/pages/03.books/1920%20-%20The%20Protocols%20and%20World%20Revolution/read/_page_1_Picture_3.jpeg?g-16018011)

BOSTO N SMALL , MAYNAR D & COMPAN Y **PUBLISHER S**

COPYRIGHT , 1920 B Y SMALL , MAYNAR D & COMPAN Y

*All rights reserved*

![](https://samisdat.in/user/pages/03.books/1920%20-%20The%20Protocols%20and%20World%20Revolution/read/_page_3_Figure_0.jpeg?g-16018011)

# "БЯЙЗХ ЕСТЬ, ПРН ДВЕРЕХХ".

O томъ, чему не желають върить

11

## что такъ близко.

Посепцается лилому стаду Хрістову.

4-е поданіе жинги "Близь грядущій антихрість и царство діавола на земль", передъланное и значительно дополненное поэдивишими изслъдованіями и поблюденіями

Вы, братія, не во тымв, чтобы день (Господень) засталь васъ, какъ тать (1 Сол. 5. 4).

Претерпъвшій же до конца спасется. (Матв. 24, 13).

Сергый Нилусъ.

#### TRANSLATIO N

# IT IS NEAR , AT TH E DOOR

MATT . XXIV , 3 3 MAR K XIII , 2 9 LUK E XXI , 3 1 REV . I , 3 . XXII , 1 0 DAN . XII , 4.

CONCERNIN G SOMETHIN G PEOPL E D O NO T WIS H

T O BELIEV E

A N D WHIC H I S S O NEA R

FOURT H EDITIO N O F TH E BOOK , "NEA R I S TH E COMIN G O F ANTI-CHRIS T AN D TH E KINGDO M O F TH E DEVI L O N EARTH, " REVISE D AN D CONSIDERABL Y AUGMENTE D B Y LATE R RESEARCHE S AN D INVESTIGATIO N

#### SERG E NILU S

*Dedicated to the small herd of Christ*

"Ye , brethren, do not remain in the dark so that the day (of the Lord ) shall not catch ye as thieves. " (I Sol. 5, 4.)

" H e wh o suffers to the end shall be saved." (Matt. 24 , 13.)

## Part One

#### INTRODUCTORY STATEMEN T

T HE worl d i s in the midst of a crisis not less serious than that of the great war . Whil e it was inevitable that the period following the wa r should be fraught with grave problems for civilization, these problems have been made much more difficult by the presence of a new danger, namely, the destructive force of Bolshevism. Russi a was the first victim of what proves to be a movement of an international char acter, Russi a being used as the base of operations. Whil e powerful Bolshevis t armies are overrunning Asi a and menacing the European countries to the West, an equally dangerous force of Re d propagandists, directed from Moscow , is operating on several continents, spreading its social poison throughout the worl d and threatening the destruction of the social and industrial morale of civilized nations.

Wit h the triumph of the Bolshevis t revolution in Russia , a group of internationalists, most of whom were members of the Jewish race, seized the machinery of government and have held it ever since.

T he complete destruction of Russian civilization, which for centuries had been essentially a Christian civilization, and the reduction of the great majorit y of the Russian people to a state of abject misery and ruin , are accomplished facts. Th e Bolshevist leaders, however , not content with this destruction and the establishment of a cruel despotism in Russia , are making every effort to extend thei r revolution and thei r control to other countries.

T h e Communis t revolution in Hungary , under Bel a Cohen (alias Kuhn) , a confessed ally and agent of Trotzky , was not terminated until it had wrought great havoc in that country. T h e same is true of the Spartacan revolt in Germany , where recently the struggle broke out anew and assumed the char-

acter of a formidable civil war . Hollan d and Italy are to-day seriously threatened with uprisings inspired by the Bolsheviki, whil e in Franc e the government has been compelled to expel the Bolshevis t agents in large numbers. In the Unite d States revolutionary agitation directly guided and fomented by agents of Leni n and Trotzk y and subsidized with ample funds, recently reached such proportions that the Federa l Government was forced to take strong measures, including hundreds of arrests and deportations. The enemy is in our midst. In this country, as elsewhere, alien agitators who are either Bolshevists themselves or emissaries of the Bolsheviki have wormed their way into some of the loyal labor organizations or put themselves at the head of the Socialist or other radical political parties artificially stimulating social unrest and seeking to turn industrial strikes into political upheavals, leading to revolution and anarchy.

Shall Americ a be as slow to realize the real danger of in ternational Bolshevism as she was to recognize the menace of German imperialism? Shall Americ a again be unprepared?

We must be ready to meet the danger at our doors and, if necessary, to suppress it in our midst with physical force, just as was necessary in the struggle with Prussian militarism. It has been said, however , and perhaps truly , that Bolshevism cannot be met by force alone. Certainly to meet it effectively its nature must be understood. To this end it is necessary to analyze the movement carefully and to discover its underlying causes — if possible the predominating cause.

Fro m the very beginning there was an element of mystery in the Bolshevis t revolution in Russia . Wa s it, essentially, an attempt to put into effect the principles of international sociali sm as promulgated by Kar l Marx ? Wa s it a disguised form of proletarian imperialism? Di d it aim at the complete destruction of Christian civilization? Or , finally, was it a long planned, giganti c revolt of the Jewish race against Christend om and its institutions?

Fro m the ver y start there was a terrible method in the madness of Trotzk y and those in league with him . Man y of their moves which at the time seemed inexplicable afterwards appeared logical enough when thei r objects became apparent.

T h e worl d was puzzled by Trotzky' s famous remark at Brest-Litovsk, "N o peace, no war. " Later , however , the real

meaning became known : "N o wa r on Germany , no peace for Russi a or the rest of the world. "

Tha t the Bolshevis t revolution was fro m the beginning almost entirely led and controlled by Jews is a fact which has gradually thrust itself upon the attention of the world. Th e Jews in many instances have admitted the dominating rôle which members of thei r race have played in international Bolshevism and have sought to defend it. Some of thei r recognized leaders have proclaimed thei r pride in Trotzky .

T h e fact that the Jewish race has taken such an active part in the Russian Bolshevis t movement, with its international ramifications, has been attributed in some quarters to the motive of revenge on the part of the Jews for what they regard as a long era of persecution. If this be so, is it impossible that Jews in various parts of the worl d imagine that now is thei r chance not only for revenge but for worl d domination?

T he ai r of confidence with which Trotzk y and other Jewish leaders are proceeding with thei r drastic program in Russi a is significant. Significant, also, is the enthusiastic support which is being given to the Soviet rule by various Jewish elements and groups outside of Russia. Whethe r this corelated movement of the Jews in support of Bolshevism is not being carried out on some concerted plan is a question of importance which warrant s careful study and investigation. No facts which can possibly throw light upon this question should be disregarded. Fo r this reason it is timely to consider the contents and origin of a document of extraordinar y interest which, though made public in Russi a some fifteen years ago, is generally unknown elsewhere.

T he document referred to is entitled, "Protocol s of the Meetings of the Zionis t Me n of Wisdom, " and was published for the first time in 1905 at Tsarskoj e Selo in a Russian book entitled "Th e Great in the Little, " written by Serge Nilus , a well-known Russian author . The Protocol s set forth a comprehensive program for the substantial destruction of all Christian states, and propose certain practical methods for achieving worl d domination by the Jewish nation. So far as is known, the Protocol s have never been repudiated publicly by recognized Jewish authorities. Quit e recently the wellknown firm of Eyr e & Spottiswoode, Ltd. , printers for the British Government, published a pamphlet under the title,

"Th e Jewish Peril , Protocol s o f the Learned Elder s o f Zion. " In the preface of this pamphlet it is explained that the Proto cols referred to were translated fro m the Russian into Englis h from Serge Nilus' s book w*hich appeared in Russia in 1905.* Whil e the editors do not give the title of Nilus' s book, they say:

"A copy of the origina l may be seen at the Britis h Museu m Library , under No . 3926-d-17, stamped Britis h Museum , 10*th August, 1906."*

The y state also that the publication of the Englis h pamphlet at present is justified by the growin g menace of Bolshevism throughout the world . The pamphlet concludes with the warning :

"GENTILES , BEWARE! "

It seems obvious that the publishers, Eyr e & Spottiswoode, Ltd. , have used Nilus' s book "Th e Great in the Little, " published in Russi a in 1905.

A specific reference to the Protocol s is to be found also in the French weekly magazine *La Vieille-France,* No . 160, published in February , 1920. In the editorial article entitled "Th e Jews Hav e Created Bolshevism " (pages 10-13) the followi n g extract from the Zionis t Protocols , as published by Nilus , i s given in French :

"A nous, son Peupl e d'élection, Die u a donn é l e pouvoi r d'expansion, et ce qui semble être notre faiblesse a été notre force. *Nous sommes au seuil de la domination universelle.* Il reste peu a construire sur ces bases," etc. etc.

T h e article asserts that Bolshevism is nothing but a phase of Judaism, and also states that the Jewish Bolshevis t leaders in Russi a were subsidized by Jewish banking houses in the Unite d States and Germany .

In January , 1917, Mr . Nilu s published another book under the title "I t i s Near , At the Door, " and in this book the Protocol s were again published in full. A reproduction of the title page of this book is inserted at the beginning of this volume.

Whil e the Protocol s are generally unknown here, it is worthy of note that on October 27-28, 1919, the Philadelphi a *Public Ledger* printed long excerpts from them in an article calling the attention of the American people to the document and to the terrible program which it presents. Th e article

in the *Ledger* was somewhat misleading, however , since it was published under the captions "Re d Bible " and "Bolshe vist Propaganda. " Al l words in the text itself indicating that the Protocol s were of Jewish origin were omitted. Th e Hebrew wor d "Goys, " signifying "Gentiles, " used in the Protocols , nowhere appears in the *Ledger* article. Further more, wherever in the Protocol s the expressions "ou r people " or "we " — meaning the "Jewis h people " or the "Jews " are used, the author of the article makes it appear that the people thus referred to are the "Bolshevists, " and speaks of the Protocol s as a "Russia n document, " which clearly it is not. Mr . Nilu s shows that the Protocol s came into his hands in 1901. In 1901 the Bolshevist Part y did not exist, for it was founded only in 1903 and was not really organized for wor k until several years later. Nowher e in the Protocol s does the wor d "Bolshevist " appear, while the word "Jews " i s used many times, although the writer more frequently uses the wor d "we " when speaking of the Jews . Ther e i s only one hypothesis upon which the Protocol s could possibly be considered "Bolshevist, " namely, that the Bolshevis t movement was of Jewish origin, in which case the plan outlined in the Protocol s might have become "Bolshevist " by adoption.

T h e very fact that a document purporting to be written by a Jew for Jews could be so easily described as "Bolshevis t Propaganda " is of interest.

Now , for the firs t time, the document entitled by Mr . Nilu s "Protocol s of the Meetings of the Zionis t Me n of Wisdom " is published in full in the Unite d States, correctly translated from the Russian. Fo r this purpose we have used the Rus sian text as it appears in Mr . Nilus' s book, "It is Near , At the Door, " 1917, published in the printing office of the Sviato-Troitzk y Monastery .

Before proceeding to examine the contents of the Protocols , let us briefly give Mr . Nilus' s account of the way in which they came into his possession and of his views in regard to thei r origin.

M r . Nilus , at pages 86 to 92 of his book, "I t i s Near , At the Door, " states that he received the manuscript containing the Protocol s of the Meetings of the Zionis t Me n of Wisdo m in 1901 from Mr . Alexi s Nikolajevich Souchotin, at one time Marsha l of Nobilit y in the Distric t of Chern, Centra l Russia ,

and later Vic e Governo r of the Government of Stavropol, South Russia , and that when giving the manuscript to M r . Nilus , Mr . Souchotin said :

"Tak e it into your full possession. Rea d it. Become inspired and make out of it something useful to the Christian soul. Otherwis e it might remain with me unused. Fro m a political standpoint it is useless, for it is too late to act on it. Fro m a spiritual standpoint, however , it might be otherwise. In your hands, wit h God' s help, it wil l bear fruit. "

M r . Nilu s states that Mr . Souchotin told hi m that the manuscript was originall y obtained by a lady whose name is not given and who, he said, obtained it in a mysterious way. M r . Nilu s showed it to several Russians of high standing, one of who m said :

"Slavdo m has not yet spoken its last wor d and, therefore, no matter how cunning and strong the Zionis t Me n of Wis d om may be, thei r efforts are doomed to failure, and for this reason there is no need to despair. "

M r . Nilu s states that prior to 1905 he submitted the Proto cols to Gran d Duk e Serge Alexandrovitch, who, having examined them, sent hi m a message of two words only : "To o late."

Subsequently, Mr . Nilu s made several attempts to call the attention of the proper officials to the contents of this document but without result. In 1905 he published the second edition of his book, "Th e Great in the Little. " In this edition the Protocol s were for the first time incorporated.

In his last book Mr . Nilu s writes :

"Thes e Protocol s produced a scarcely noticeable impression upon the worl d outside of the Christian church. Th e periodical press, which in the main is in Jewish hands, or under the guidance and influence of the Jews , sought to conceal thei r publication, scarcely mentioning them or referring to them as a fallacious invention or a fairy tale. Amon g loyal Christians , however, the Protocol s bore fruit and created a success for my book far greater than could have been anticipated, for they spread the knowledge of the hidden mysteries of our time in a wide circle of those belonging to the Christian family. Since then my book, with all the Protocols , has appeared in its fourth edition; *but only now I learn authoritatively from Jewish sources that these Protocols are nothing else than a strategic plan for the conquest of the world, putting it under the yoke of Israel,* the struggler-against-God, a plan worked out by the leaders of the Jewish people durin g the many centuries of thei r

dispersion, and finally presented to the Council of Elder s by "Th e Princ e of Exile, " Theodo r Hertzl , at the time of the firs t Zionis t Congress , summoned by hi m at Basle in August, 1897."

Agai n he writes :

" I n what way these documents, constituting the Hol y of Holie s of the hopes of Israel, the century-old mystery of its leaders, reached the general mass of the uninitiated has not been ascertained. As already mentioned, they were given to me in 1901. In that year, in circular No . 18, as well as in others dispatched to the Zionist s on behalf of the Zionis t 'Action s Committee,' 1 Theodor Hertz l stated that certain confidential information, notwithstanding the admonition, has not been kept secret, and has been given undesirable publicity. "

Finall y Mr . Nilu s declares:

"Th e Protocol s are signed by the Zionist Representatives of the 33rd (highest) Degree of Initiation. These Protocol s were secretly removed fro m the complete file of Protocol s which, as we now know, pertained to the first Zionis t Congress, held in Basle in August, 1897. Al l this was taken from the secret vaults at the main Zionis t office which, at present, is located in Frenc h territory. "

In 1918 the "Protocols " were again published in Russian by a book publishing firm, "Th e Sentinel " at Novocherkassk, South Russia . Th e pamphlet referred to bears the title "Zionis t Protocols . Th e plans for the Conquest of the Uni verse by the Judo-Masons. " In the introduction to the pamphlet it is stated: "Th e 'Protocols ' are a program carefully worked out in all its details for the conquest of the universe by the Jews . Th e greater part of this program has already been realized, and if we wil l not come back to our senses, we are inevitably doomed. " In the concluding part of this introduction the publishers state as follows : "Th e 'Protocols, ' indeed, are not only the key to our first unsuccessful revolution, but they are also the key to the second, in which Jewr y played such a sinister rôle for Russia. . . . Fo r us, who are witnesses of the self-destruction of Russia , for us who hope for her regeneration, this document is all the more significant as it discloses the means of the enemies of Christendom for o ur enslavement. Onl y after having obtained the knowledge of the means it may become possible to successfully combat the enemies of Chris t and of Christian culture. "

Ther e is not, and in the nature of the case there hardly can "Action s Committee " has the same meaning as Executiv e Com mittee. 7

be, any direct evidence as to the authenticity of the Protocols . Ther e is, however, a considerable body of facts having a bearing upon this question which the publishers of this book put before the reader, leaving hi m to draw his own conclusions.

T h e facts to which we refer may be roughl y grouped under three heads :

- *(a)* Ther e is a remarkable similarity between the policies of destruction outlined in the Protocol s and the actual measures of destruction put into effect by the Bolshevis t régime in Russia , and there is evidence that this régime is under the control of Jewish leaders.
- *(b)* Ther e is also a striking parallelism between certain passages in the Protocol s and the statements of recognized Jewish leaders, both religious and political, appearing in their published writing s and speeches.
- ( c ) Finally , certain Jewish activities outside of Russi a coincide in a remarkable degree with certain parts of the Protocols .

In Par t Tw o of this volume evidence under these various heads is set forth. Thi s evidence, however , can be intelligently considered only after a careful study of the *Protocols themselves,* a translation of which appears in the following pages, preceded by a short summary prepared for the convenience of the reader.

#### SUMMAR Y O F TH E PROTOCOL S

T he title under which the Protocol s are presented in M r . Nilus' s text, according to the literal translation from the Russian, is :

#### **"PROTOCOL S O F TH E MEETING S O F TH E ZIONIST ME N O F WISDOM "**

T he word "Protocols " can be used in several senses, but in the present case the context would indicate that the wor d means simply the written minutes of certain meetings — *i.e.* meetings of the Zionis t Me n of Wisdom . Th e arrangement is in twenty-four separate Protocols , each Protocol apparently recording the contents of an address to the meeting by one of its members. Th e context would also indicate that all the addresses were delivered by the same person, and it should also be noted that each Protocol deals with a more or less distinct part of one complete subject, like the chapter of a book. 8

In the first Protoco l it is stated that the speaker undertakes to formulate "ou r system both from our point of view and from that of the Goys. " The wor d "Goys " or "Goyims " i s an old Hebre w word signifying Gentiles, or persons who are not Jews . Al l of the following Protocols , whether they are the utterances of the same person who speaks in the first Pro tocol or not, are a continuation of the same general subject.

Takin g the set of documents as a whole, they clearly pur por t to formulate a strategic plan for united action of the Jews as a nation, or a people, to obtain certain ends. These ends are nothing less than complete political and religious domination of the world. The means by which this universal domination is to be achieved are set forth with great clearness and considerable elaboration.

T he document as a whole is of the most extraordinar y character, and while to some readers it may seem fanatical or visionary, others wil l be more impressed with its profound cleverness, with the cold logic of the reasoning, and with the general orderliness of statement and argument, in dicating that the work, whatever the underlying motive may be, is the result of careful thought and mature deliberation.

T h e strategic plan of action is Machiavellian and ruthless in the extreme, and is expressly founded on the propositions that "migh t i s right " and that "politic s have nothing in comm on with morals. " It is also explicitly stated that the end in view is to "subjugate all government to our super-government, " and the Jewish super-government is to be an autocracy with a Jewish Sovereign at its head.

Briefly summarized, the means by which this worl d domination is to be achieved are as follows :

- 1. The national power of non-Jewish states is to be broken down by the fomenting of internal revolutions through appeals to class hatred, and by pretended efforts to obtain greater freedom and privileges for certain classes of the people, using the words "liberty , equality, and fraternity " merely as catchwords to gain recruits for the Jewish cause. Autocrati c governments, which alone are strong, must be weakened in the first instance by the introduction of liberalism, which wil l pave the way to anarchy.
- 2. Al l war s must be "shifte d to an economic basis," allowi n g no territorial advantages to result from war , and thus

tending to make the Jewish control of wealth the determining factor in war .

- 3. Th e Jewish international rights are to be strengthened at the expense of the national rights of the several Gentile nations.
- 4. Th e non-Jewish states are to be further weakened by promoting false and conflicting political policies ; by obtaini ng secret control over the actions of public officials; by manipulation of the press, and by the gradual elimination of free speech.
- 5. The authority of governments where liberalism prevails is to be weakened by the destruction of religion (other than the Jewish religion), since it is the conservative and mora l force which makes liberal governments possible.
- 6. In order to overcome the resistance of those states which are unwilling to make submission to the new Jewish power , there must be no hesitation in resorting to violence, cunning , hypocrisy, bribery, fraud, and treason, or to the seizure of the property of others.
- 7. Th e destruction of the social and economic structure of Christian states wil l also be brought about by the destruction of industrial prosperity, through speculation and constant strikes, "throwin g masses of workmen out of employment," artificially raising wages, thus increasing the cost of the necessaries of life, and finally by bringing about a general economic crisis and the disorganization of financial systems. T he financial strength of the various non-Jewish states wil l also be undermined by causing them to overburden themselves with foreign and national loans on an ever increasing scale, which wil l ultimately lead to bankruptcy.
- 8. Upo n the social and political chaos created by these various means a Jewish dictatorship is to be gradually built up, principally through the "terrible " Jewish power of the purse and through the other great Jewish powers of control ove r the press and over the revolutionary labor movement.
- 9. Durin g the period of transition from Gentile to Jewish political control in every state there wil l be a secret government by the Jews , brought about through the manipulation of the press, misleading public opinion, mass terror , weakening the initiative of the Gentiles, misdirecting thei r education, and sowing discord among them.

# Protocols of the Meetings of the Zionist Me n of Wisdom

#### **PROTOCOL NO . I**

L ET us put aside phraseology and discuss the inner meani ng of every thought; by comparisons and deductions let us illuminate the situation. In this way I will describe our system, both from our own point of view and from that of the GOYS. **1**

It must be remembered that people with base instincts are more numerous than those with noble ones; therefore, the best results in governing are achieved through violence and intimidation and not through academic discussion. Ever y man seeks power ; every one would like to become a dictator if he possibly could ; and rare indeed are those who would not sacrifice the common good in order to attain personal advantage.

Wha t has restrained the wil d beasts we call men?

Wha t has influenced them heretofore?

In the early stages of social life they submitted to brute and blind force; afterwards — to the Law , which is the same force but disguised. I deduce from this that according to the laws of nature, right lies in might.

Political freedom is not a fact but an idea. One must know how to employ this idea when it becomes necessary to attract popular forces to one's party by mental allurement if it plans to crush the party in power . The task is made easier if the opponent himself has contradicted the idea of freedom, the socalled liberalism, and for the sake of the idea yields his power. It is precisely here that the triumph of our theory becomes apparent: the relinquished reins of power are, according to the laws of nature, immediately seized by a new hand because the

blind force of the people cannot remain without a leader even for one day, and the new power merely replaces the old, weakened by liberalism.

In our day the *power of gold* has replaced liberal rulers. Ther e was a time when faith ruled. The idea of freedom cannot be realized because no one knows how to make reasonable use of it. Giv e the people self-government for a short time and it wil l become corrupted. Fro m that very moment strife begins and soon develops into social struggles, as a result of which states are set aflame and thei r authority is reduced to ashes.

Whethe r the state is exhausted by internal convulsions, or whether civil war s deliver it into the hands of external enemies, in either case it can be regarded as hopelessly lost: it is in our power . Th e despotism of capital, which is entirely in our hands, holds out to it a straw which the state must grasp, although against its will , or otherwise fall into the abyss.

To hi m who, because of his liberal inclinations, would contend that argument s of this kind are immoral, I would propound the question: If a state has two enemies, and if against the external enemy it is permitted and it is not considered immora l to use all methods of warfare, and as a protective measure not to acquaint the enemy with the plans of attack, such as night attacks or attacks with superior forces, then w hy should the same methods be regarded as immora l when applied to a worse foe, a transgressor against social order and prosperity?

H o w can a sound and logical mind hope successfully to guide the masses by means of reasonable persuasion or by arguments if there is a possibility of contradiction, even though unreasonable, but which may appear more attractive to the superficially thinking masses? Guided entirely by shallow passions, superstitions, customs, traditions , and sentimental theories, the people in and of the mob become embroiled in party dissensions which prevent all possibility of an agreement, even though it be on a basis of perfectly sound reasoning. Ever y decision of the mob depends upon the accidental or prearranged majority, which, owing to its ignorance of political secrets, pronounces absurd decisions, thus introducing the seeds of anarchy into the government.

Politics have nothing in common with morals. The ruler guided by morality is not a skilled politician, and consequently he is not firm on his throne. He who desires to rule must resort to cunning and hypocrisy. The great popular qualities — honesty and frankness — become vices in politics, as they dethrone more surely and more certainly than the most power f ul enemy. These qualities must be the attributes of GO Y countries ; but we by no means should be guided by them.

O u r right lies in might. Th e wor d "right " i s an abstract idea, unsusceptible of proof. Thi s word means nothing more than: Giv e me what I desire so that I may have evidence that I am stronger than you.

Wher e does right begin? Wher e does it end?

In a state with a poorly organized government and where the laws are insignificant, and the ruler has lost his dignity as the result of the accumulation of liberal rights, I find a new right, namely, the right of might to destroy all existing order and institutions, to lay hands on the law, to alter all institutions, and to become the ruler of those who have voluntarily, liberally renounced for our benefit the rights to their own power .

Wit h the present instability of all authority our powe r wil l be more unassailable than any other, because it wil l be invisible until it is so well rooted that no cunning can undermine it.

Fro m temporary evil to which we are now obliged to have recourse wil l emerge the good of an unshakable government, which wil l reinstate the orderly functioning of the mechanism of popular existence now interrupted by liberalism. Th e end justifies the means. In laying our plans we must turn our attention not so much to the good and mora l as to the necessary and useful. Befor e us lies a plan in which a strategic line is shown, from which we must not deviate on pain of riskin g the collapse of many centuries of work.

In workin g out an expedient plan of action it is necessary to take into consideration the meanness, vacillation, changeability of the mob, its inability to appreciate and respect the conditions of its own existence and of its own well-being. It is necessary to realize that the power of the masses is blind, unreasoning, and void of discrimination, prone to listen to right and left. Th e blind man cannot guide the blind without bringing them to the abyss ; consequently, members of the crowd, upstarts from the people, even were they men of

genius but incompetent in politics, cannot step forward as leaders of the mob without ruining the entire nation.

Onl y the person prepared from childhood to autocracy can understand the words which are formed by political letters.

T he people left to themselves, that is to upstarts from among them, are ruined by party dissensions created by greed for power and honors, and by the disorders resulting therefrom. Is it possible for the masses of the people to direct the affairs of the state without rivalry , and without interjecting personal interests? Ar e they capable of protecting themselves against external enemies? — Thi s is impossible, since a plan divided into as many parts as there are minds in a mob loses its unity, and consequently, becomes incomprehensible and unworkable.

Onl y an autocrat can outline great and clear plans which allocate in an orderly manner all the parts of the mechanism of the government machinery. Fro m this it is concluded that the government which is the most efficient for the benefit of a country must be concentrated in the hands of one responsible person. Civilization cannot exist without absolute despotism, for government is carried on not by the masses, but by their leader, whoever he may be. A barbarous crowd shows its barbarism on every occasion. The moment the mob grasps liberty in its hands it is speedily changed to anarchy, which is in itself the height of barbarism.

Loo k at those beasts, steeped in alcohol, stupefied by wine, the unlimited use of which is granted by liberty.

Surel y you cannot allow our own people to come to this. T h e people of the GOY S are stupefied by spirituous liquors ; thei r youth is driven insane through excessive study of the classics, and vice to which they have been instigated by our agents — tutors, valets, governesses — in rich houses, by clerks, and so forth, and by our women in the pleasure places of the Goys . Amon g the latter I include the so-called "societ y women, " their volunteer followers in vice and luxury .

O u r motto i s Powe r and Hypocrisy . Onl y power can conquer in politics, especially if it is concealed in talents which are necessary to statesmen. Violenc e must be the principle ; hypocrisy and cunning the rule of those governments which do not wish to lay down thei r crowns at the feet of the agents of some new power . Thi s evil is the sole means of attaining

the goal of good. Fo r this reason we must not hesitate at bribery, fraud, and treason when these can help us to reach our end. In politics it is necessary to seize the property of others without hesitation if in so doing we attain submission a nd power .

O u r government, following the line of peaceful conquest, has the right to substitute for the horror s of wa r less noticeable and more efficient executions, these being necessary to keep up terror , which induces blind submission. A just but inexorable strictness is the greatest factor of governmental power . We must follow a program of violence and hypocrisy, not only for the sake of profit, but also as a duty and for the sake of victory.

A doctrine based on calculation is as potent as the means employed by it. Tha t is why not only by these very means, but by the severity of our doctrines, we shall triumph and shall enslave all governments under our super-government.

Eve n in olden times we shouted among the people the words "Liberty , Equality , and Fraternity. " These words have been repeated so many times since by unconscious parrots , which, flocking from all sides to the bait, have ruined the prosperity of the worl d and true individual freedom, formerl y so well protected from the pressure of the mob. Th e would-be clever and intelligent Goy s did not discern the symbolism of the uttered words ; did not notice the contradiction in the meaning and the connection between them; did not notice that there is no equality in nature ; that there can be no liberty, since nature herself has established inequality of mind , character, and ability, as well as subjection to her laws. The y d id not reason that the power of the mob is blind ; that the upstarts selected for government are just as blind in politics as is the mob itself, whereas the initiated man, even though a fool, is capable of ruling , while the uninitiated, although a genius, wil l understand nothing of politics. Al l this has been overlooked by the GOYS .

Meanwhil e dynastic government has been based upon this, that the father passed to his son the knowledge of the course of political evolution, so that nobody except the members of the dynasty could possess this knowledge, and no one could disclose the secrets to the governed people. In the course of time the meaning of the dynastic transmission of the true

understanding of politics has been lost, thus contributing to the success of our cause.

In all parts of the worl d the words "Liberty , Equality , and Fraternity " have brought whole legions into our ranks through our blind agents, carrying our banners with delight. Mean while these words were worms which ruined the prosperity of the GOYS , everywhere destroying peace, quiet, and solidarity, undermining all the foundations of their states. Yo u will see subsequently that this aided our triumph, *for it also gave us, among other things, the opportunity to grasp the trump card, the abolition of privileges; in other words, the very essence of the aristocracy of the GOYS, which was the only protection of peoples and countries against us.*

On the ruins of natural and hereditary aristocracy we built an aristocracy of our intellectual class—th e money aristocracy. We have established this new aristocracy on the qualification of wealth, which is dependent upon us, and also upon science, which is promoted by our wise men.

O u r triumph was also made easier because, through our connections with people who were indispensable to us, we always played upon the most sensitive chords of the human mind, namely, greed, and the insatiable selfish desires of man. Each of these human weaknesses taken separately is capable of killin g initiative and of placing the wil l of the people at the disposal of the buyer of thei r activities.

Abstrac t liberty offered the opportunity for convincing the masses that government is nothing but the manager representi ng the owne r of the country, namely, the people, and that this manager can be discarded like a pai r of worn-out gloves.

T h e fact that the representatives of the nation can be deposed, delivers them into our power and practically places thei r appointment in our hands.

#### **PROTOCOL NO . II**

I T is necessary for us that wars , whenever possible, should brin g no territorial advantages; this wil l shift wa r to an economic basis and force nations to realize the strength of our predominance ; such a situation wil l put both sides at the mercy of our million-eyed international agency, which wil l be

unhampered by any frontiers. The n our international right s wil l do away with national rights, in a limited sense, and wil l rule the peoples in the same way as the civil power of each state regulates the relation of its subjects among themselves.

T he administrator s chosen by us from among the people in accordance with thei r capacity for servility wil l not be experienced in the ar t of government, and consequently they wil l easily become pawns in our game, in the hands of our scientists and wise counselors, specialists trained from early childhood for governing the world. As you are aware, these specialists have obtained the knowledge necessary for government from our political plans, from the study of history, and from the observation of every passing event. The GOY S are not guided by the practice of impartial historical observation, but by theoretical routine without any critical regard for its results. Therefore , we need give them no consideration. Unti l the time comes let them amuse themselves, or live in the hope of new amusements or in the memories of those past. Le t that play the most important part for them which we have induced them to regard as the laws of science (theory). Fo r this purpose, by means of our press, we increase thei r blind faith in these laws. Intelligent GOY S wil l boast of thei r knowledge, and verifying it logically they wil l put into practice all scientific information compiled by our agents for the purpose of educating thei r minds in the direction which we require.

Do not think that our assertions are without foundation: note the successes of Darwinism , Marxism , and Nietzscheism, engineered by us. Th e demoralizing effects of these doctrines upon the minds of the GOY S should be already obvious to us.

It is essential that we take into consideration the modern ideas, temperaments, and tendencies of peoples in order that no mistakes in politics and in guiding administrative affairs may be made. Th e triumph of our system, parts of whose mechanism must be adapted in accordance with the temperament of the peoples with whom we come in contact, cannot be realized unless its practical application is based upon a resume of the past as related to the present.

*There is one great force in the hands of modern states which arouses thought movements among the people. That is the press.* The rôle of the press is to indicate necessary demands,

#### THE PROTOCOLS

to register complaints of the people, and to express and foment dissatisfaction. The triumph of free babbling is incarnated in the press; but governments were unable to profit by this power and it has fallen into our hands. Through it we have attained influence, while remaining in the background. Thanks to the press, we have gathered gold in our hands, although we had to take it from rivers of blood and tears.

But it cost us the sacrifice of many of our own people. Every sacrifice on our part is worth a thousand Goys before God.

#### PROTOCOL NO. III

O-DAY I can tell you that our goal is close at hand. Only a small distance remains, and the cycle of the *Symbolic Serpent* — the symbol of our people — will be complete. When this circle is completed, then all the European states will be enclosed in it as in strong claws.

The modern constitutional scales will soon tip over, for we have set them inaccurately, thus insuring an unsteady balance for the purpose of wearing out their holder. The Goys thought it had been sufficiently strongly made and hoped that the scales would regain their equilibrium, but the holder — the ruler — is screened from the people by his representatives, who fritter away their time, carried away by their uncontrolled and irresponsible authority. Their power, moreover, has been built up on terrorism spread through the palaces. Unable to reach the hearts of their people, the rulers cannot unite with them to gain strength against the usurpers of power. The visible power of royalty and the blind power of the masses, separated by us, have both lost significance, for separated, they are as helpless as the blind man without a stick.

To induce the lovers of authority to abuse their power, we have placed all the forces in opposition to each other, having developed their liberal tendencies towards independence. We have excited different forms of initiative in that direction; we have armed all the parties; we have made authority the target of all ambitions. We have opened the arenas in different states, where revolts are now occurring, and disorders and bankruptcy will shortly appear everywhere.

Unrestrained babblers have converted parliamentary sessions and administrative meetings into oratorical contests. Darin g journalists , impudent pamphleteers, make daily attacks on the administrative personnel. Th e abuse of power is definitely preparing the downfall of all institutions and everything wil l be overturned by the blows of the infuriated mobs.

T he people are shackled by poverty to heavy labor more surely than they were by slavery and serfdom. The y could liberate themselves from those in one way or another, whereas they cannot free themselves from misery. We have in cluded in constitutions rights which for the people are fictitious and are not actual rights. Al l the so-called "right s of the people " can exist only in the abstract and can never be realized in practice. Wha t difference does it make to the toiling proletarian, bent double by heavy toil, oppressed by his fate, that the babblers receive the right to talk, journalists the right to mi x nonsense with reason in thei r writings , if the proletariat has no other gain from the constitution than the miserable crumbs which we throw from our table in return for his vote to elect our agents. Republican rights are bitter irony to the poor man, for the necessity of almost daily labor prevents h im from using them, and at the same time deprives hi m of his guarantee of a permanent and certain livelihood by makin g h i m dependent upon strikes, organized either by his masters or by his comrades.

Unde r our guidance the people have exterminated aristocracy, which was thei r natural protector and guardian, for its o wn interests are inseparably connected with the well-being of the people. Now , however , with the destruction of this aristocracy the masses have fallen under the power of the profiteers and cunning upstarts, who have settled on the worker s as a merciless burden.

We wil l present ourselves in the guise of saviors of the workers from this oppression when we suggest that they enter o ur army of Socialists, Anarchists , Communists , to whom we always extend our help, under the guise of the rule of brotherhood demanded by the human solidarity of our *social masonry.* T he aristocracy which benefited by the labor of the people by right was interested that the worker s should be well fed, healthy, and strong.

W e , on the contrary, are concerned in the opposite — in the

degeneration of the GOYS . Ou r power lies in the chroni c malnutrition and in the weakness of the worker , because through this he falls under our power and is unable to find either strength or energy to combat it.

Hunge r gives to capital greater power over the worke r than the legal authority of the sovereign ever gave to the aristocracy. Throug h misery and the resulting jealous hatred we manipulate the mob and crush those who stand in our way.

*When the time comes for our universal ruler to be crowned, the same hands will sweep away everything which may be an obstacle in our way.*

T h e GOY S are no longer accustomed to think without o ur scientific advice. Consequently, they do not see the im perative need of upholding that which we wil l sustain by all means when our kingdom is established, namely, the teaching in the schools of *the only true science, the first of all sciences — the science of the construction of human life, of social existence, which requires the division of labor and, consequently, the separation of people into classes and castes.* It is necessary that all should know that *equality cannot exist, owing to the different nature of various kinds of work;* that there cannot be the same responsibility before the law in the case of an individua l who by his actions compromises an entire caste and another who does not affect anything but his own honor .

T h e correct science of the social structure, to the secrets of which we do not admit the GOYS , would demonstrate to all that occupation and labor must be differentiated so as not to cause human suffering by the discrepancy between education a nd work. Th e study of this science wil l lead the masses to a voluntary submission to the authorities and to the governmental system organized by them. Whereas , under the present state of science, and due to the direction of our guidance therein, the people, in their ignorance, blindly believing the printed word, and owin g to the misconceptions which have been fostered by us, feel a hatred towards all classes whom they consider superior to themselves, since they do not under stand the importance of each caste.

Thi s hatred wil l be still more accentuated by the *economic crisis,* which wil l stop financial transactions and all industrial life. Havin g organized a general economic crisis by all possible underhand means, and with the help of gold which is all

in our hands, we wil l throw great crowds of workmen into the street, simultaneously, in all countries of Europe . These crowds wil l gladly shed the blood of those of whom they, in the simplicity of their ignorance, have been jealous since childhood and whose property they wil l then be able to loot.

*They will not harm our people because we will know of the time of the attack and we will take measures to protect them.*

W e have persuaded others that progress wil l lead the GOY S into a realm of reason. Ou r despotism wil l be of such a nature that it wil l be in a position to pacify all revolts by wise restrictions and to eliminate liberalism from all institutions.

Whe n the people saw that they obtained concessions and license in the name of liberty, they imagined that they were the masters, and rushed into power ; but like every blind person, they encountered innumerable obstacles; *they rushed to seek a leader, with no thought of returning to the old one,* and laid power at our feet. Remember the Frenc h Revolution, which we have called "great" ; the secrets of its preparation are well known to us, for it was the work of our hands.

Since then we have carried the masses from one disappointment to another, so that they wil l renounce even us in favor of *a despot sovereign of Zionist blood, whom we are preparing for the world.*

At present, as an international force, we are invulnerable, because if we are attacked by one state we are supported by other states. Th e unlimited baseness of the Goy peoples, who grovel before force, who are pitiless towards weakness, who are merciless to misdemeanors and lenient to crimes, who are unwilling to tolerate the contradictions of a free social structure ; patient unto martyrdom in bearing with the violence of daring despotism — this is what helps our independence. The y tolerate and permit such abuses from thei r modern premiers — dictators — for the least of which they would behead twenty kings .

H o w can such a phenomenon be explained, such an illogical conception on the part of the mass of the people towards events of seemingly the same nature? Thi s phenomenon can be explained by the fact that these dictators through thei r agents whisper to thei r people that by these abuses they injure the states for a supreme purpose, namely, for the attainment of the happiness of the people, thei r universal fraternity, soli-

darity, and equality. Of course, they are not told that this unification wil l be achieved only under our rule. Thus , the people condemn the just and acquit the unjust, more and more convinced that they can do what they please. Owin g to this, the people destroy all stability and create disorder on every occasion.

T he wor d "Liberty " brings all society into conflict with all authority, be it that of Go d or Nature . Thi s is why, at the moment of our enthronement, we shall strike this wor d from the dictionary as being the symbol of brute power , which turns the masses into bloodthirsty beasts. It is true, however, that these beasts go to sleep as soon as they have drunk blood, and then it is easy to shackle them; but if the blood is not given to them they wil l not sleep and wil l struggle.

#### **PROTOCOL NO . I V**

E VER Y republic passes through several stages. The firs t stage is like the early period of insane ravings of a blind m an throwin g himself right and left. Th e second is the demagogy which breeds anarchy, which inevitably leads to despotism, not of a legal and open character and, consequently, responsible, but an unseen and unknown despotism, no less effective because exercised by some secret organization, acting even less ceremoniously because it is hidden under the cover a nd behind the backs of different agents. The change of these agents wil l even help the secret organizations, as it wil l thus be able to rid itself of the necessity of spending money to reward employees of long terms of service.

W h o and what can overthrow an unseen power ? Fo r such is the character of our power . *External Masonry 1 acts as a screen for it and its aims, but the plan of action of this power, and its very headquarters, will always remain unknown to the people.*

Libert y could also be harmless and remain on the state program without detriment to the well-being of the people

The reference is probably to those Masoni c Lodges in Continental Europe which, contrary to the fundamental principles of Anglo-Saxon Lodges, have been converted into *quasi* political and anti-Christian or ganizations. See Encyclopedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, Articl e "Freemasonry, " Vol . XI , p. 84.

if it were to retain the ideas of the belief in Go d and human fraternity, free fro m the conception of equality for such a conception is in contradiction to the laws of nature which establish subordination. Wit h such a faith the people would be governed by the guardians of the parish and would thrive quietly and obediently under the guidance of thei r spiritual leader, accepting God' s dispensation on earth. It is for this reason that we must undermine faith, tearing from the minds of the Goy s the very principl e of Go d and Soul, and substituti n g mathematical formulas and material needs.

In order that the minds of the GOY S may have no time to think and notice things , it is necessary to diver t them in the direction of industry and commerce. Thu s all nations wil l seek their own profit, and while engaged in the struggle they wil l not notice thei r common enemy. Bu t in order that liberty should finally undermine and ruin the GOY' S society, it is necessary to put industry on a basis of speculation. Th e result of this will be that everything, absorbed by industry from the land, wil l not remain in the hands of the Goys , but wil l be directed towards speculation; that is, it wil l come into our coffers.

T he intense struggle for supremacy, the shocks to economic life, wil l create, moreover have already created, disappointed, cold, and heartless societies. These societies wil l have complete disgust for high politics and religion. Thei r only guide wil l be calculation, *i.e.,* gold, for which they wil l have a real cult because of the material delights which it can supply. It wil l be at that stage that the lower classes of the Goys , not for the sake of doing good, nor even for the sake of wealth, but solely because of thei r hatred towards the privileged, wil l follow us against our competitors for power , the intelligent GOYS .

#### **PROTOCOL NO . V**

WH A T form of government can be given to societies in which bribery has penetrated everywhere, where riches are obtained only by clever tricks and semi-fraudulent means, where corruption reigns, where morality is sustained by punitive measures and strict laws and not by voluntary acceptance of mora l principles, where cosmopolitan convictions have elimi-

nated patriotic feelings and religion? Wha t for m of government can be given to such societies other than a despotism such as I shall describe?

We wil l create a strong centralized government, so as to gather the social forces into our power. We wil l mechanically regulate all the functions of political life of our subjects by new laws. These laws wil l gradually eliminate all the concessions and liberties permitted by the GOYS . Ou r kingdom wil l be crowned by such a majestic despotism that it wil l be able, at all times and in all places, to crush both antagonistic and discontented Goys .

We may be told that the despotism outlined by me is in consistent with modern progress, but I wil l prove to you that the contrary is the case.

At the time when people considered rulers as an incarnation of the wil l of God , they subjected themselves without murmu r to the autocracy of the sovereigns ; but as soon as we inspired them with the thought of their personal rights , they began to regard the rulers as ordinar y mortals. Th e holy anointment fell from the heads of sovereigns in the opinion of the people; a nd when we deprived them of their belief in God, then authority was thrown into the street, where it became public property a nd was seized by us. Moreover , the art of governing the masses and individual s by means of cunningly constructed theories and phraseology, by rulers of social life, and other devices not understood by the Goys , belongs, among other faculties, to our administrative mind, which is educated in analysis and observation, and is also based upon skillful reasoni ng in which we have no competitors, just as we have none in the preparation of plans for political action and solidarity. Onl y the Jesuits could be compared to us in this ; but we were able to discredit them in the mind of the senseless mob as a visible organization, whereas we, with our secret organization, remained in the dark. Afte r all, is it not the same to the world who wil l be its master — whether it be the head of Catholicism or our despot of Zionis t blood? To us, however, the Chosen People, it is by no means a matter of indifference.

Temporarily , a worl d coalition of the Goy s would be able to hold us in check, but we are insured against this by roots of dissension so deep among them that they cannot now be extracted. We have set at variance the personal and national

interests of the Goys ; we have incited religious and race hatred, nurtured by us in their hearts for twenty centuries. Owin g to all this, no state wil l obtain the help it asks for from any side because each of them wil l think that a coalition against us will be disadvantageous to it. We are too powerful — *we must be taken into consideration. No country can reach even an insignificant private understanding without our being secret parties to it.*

*Per me reges regnant* — "Throug h me the sovereigns reign. " The prophets have told us that we were chosen by G o d himself to reign over the world. Go d endowed us with genius to enable us to cope with the problem. Wer e there a genius in the opposing camp, he would struggle against us, but a newcomer is not equal to an old inhabitant. Th e struggle between us would be of such a merciless nature as the world has never seen before ; moreover thei r genius would be too late.

A l l the wheels of government mechanism move by the action of the motor which is in our hands, and *that motor is gold.* The science of political economy, invented by our wise men, has long ago demonstrated the royal prestige of capital.

To attain freedom of action, capital must obtain freedom to monopolize industry and trade ; this is already being done by an unseen hand in all parts of the world. Such liberty wil l give political power to traders, and wil l aid in subjugating the people. At present it is more important to disarm peoples than to lead them to war ; it is more important to utilize flami n g passions for our purposes than to extinguish them; more important to grasp and interpret the thoughts of others in our own way than to discard them.

*The most important problem of our government is to weaken the popular mind by criticism; to disaccustom it to thought, which creates opposition; to deflect the power of thought into mere empty eloquence.*

At all times both peoples and individual s have mistaken words for deeds, as they are satisfied with the visible, rarely noticing whether the promise is performed in the fields of social life.

Therefore , we wil l organize ostensible institutions which wil l prove eloquently thei r good work in the direction of "progress. "

We wil l appropriate to ourselves the liberal aspect of all parties, of all shades of opinion, and we wil l provide our *orators with the same aspect, and they will talk so much that they will exhaust the people by their speeches and cause them to turn away from orators in disgust.*

*To control public opinion it is necessary to perplex it by the expression of numerous contradictory opinions until the GOYS get lost in the labyrinth, and come to understand that it is best to have no opinion on political questions.*

Such questions are not intended to be understood by the people, since only he who rules knows them. Thi s is the first secret.

T he second secret necessary for the success of governing consists in so multiplying popular failings , habits, passions, and conventional laws that no one wil l be able to disentangle himself in the chaos, and consequently, people wil l cease to understand each other. Thi s measure would help us to sow dissension within all parties, to disintegrate all those collective forces which still do not wish to subjugate themselves to us ; to discourage all individua l initiative which might in any degree hamper our work.

*There is nothing more dangerous than individual initiative;* if it has a touch of genius it can accomplish more than a million people among whom we have sown dissensions. We must direct the education of the GO Y societies so that thei r arms wil l drop hopelessly when they face every task where initiative is required. The intensity of action resulting from individua l freedom of action dissipates its force when it encounters another person's freedom. Thi s results in heavy blows at morale, disappointments and failures.

*We will so tire the GOYS by all this that we will force them to offer us an international power, which by its position will enable us conveniently to absorb, without destroying, all governmental forces of the world and thus to form a supergovernment.* In lieu of modern rulers, we wil l place a monster which wil l be called the Super-Governmental Administration. Its hands wil l be stretched out like pincers in every direction so that this colossal organization cannot fail to conquer all the peoples.

#### **PROTOCOL NO . V I**

WE wil l soon begin to establish great monopolies — reservoir s of huge wealth, upon which even the large for tunes of the Goy s wil l depend to such an extent that they wil l be drowned, together with the governmental credits, on the day following the political catastrophe.

Y o u economists, here present, wil l please carefully weigh the significance of this scheme! . . .

We must develop, by all means, the importance of our supergovernment by representing it as the protector and rewardgive r of all those who willingl y submit to us.

*The aristocracy of the GOYS as a political force is dead. We do not need to take it into consideration; but as landowners they are harmful to us because they can be independent in their resources of life. For this reason we must deprive them of their land at any cost.*

To attain this object, the best method is to increase land taxes — the indebtedness of the land. These measures wil l keep land ownership in subjection.

T h e aristocracy of the GOYS , which as a matter of heredity is unable to be satisfied with small things, wil l soon be ruined.

At the same time it is necessary to patronize trade and industry vigorously, and more important, to encourage speculation, whose function is to act as a counterbalance to in dustry. Without speculation, industry wil l increase private capital and tend to the amelioration of land ownership by freeing it from indebtedness created by the loans granted by agricultural banks. It is necessary that industry should suck out of the land both labor and capital and through speculation deliver into our hands all the money of the world , thus throwi ng all the GOY S into the ranks of the proletarians. Then the GOY S wil l bow before us in order to obtain the mere right of existence.

T o destroy GO Y industry we wil l create among the GOY S as an aid to speculation the strong demand fo r boundless luxur y which we have already developed.

*Let us raise wages, which, however, will be of no benefit to the workers, for we will simultaneously cause the rise in*

#### THE PROTOCOLS

prices of objects of first necessity under the pretext that this is due to the decadence of agriculture, and of the cattle industry.

We will also artfully and deeply undermine the sources of production by teaching the workmen anarchy and the use of alcohol, at the same time taking measures to expel all the intelligent Goys from the land.

That the true situation should not be noticed by the Goys until the proper time, we will mask it by a pretended desire to help the working classes and great economic principles, an active propaganda of which principles is being carried on through the dissemination of our economic theories.

#### PROTOCOL NO. VII

THE intensification of armament and the increase of the police force are essential to the realization of the abovementioned plans. It is necessary that there should be besides ourselves in all countries only the mass of the proletariat, a few millionaires devoted to us, policemen, and soldiers.

We must create unrest, dissensions, and hatred throughout Europe and through European affiliations, also on other continents. In this there is a twofold advantage: First, we will hold all countries under our influence, since they will realize that we have the power to create disorders or to restore order whenever we wish. All countries have come to regard us as a necessary burden. Second, we will entangle by intrigues all the threads stretched by us into all the governmental bodies by means of politics, economic treaties, or financial obligations. To attain these ends we will worm our way into parleys and negotiations, armed with cunning, but in so-called "official language" we will assume the opposite tactics of seeming honest and reasonable. In this way the peoples and the governments of the GOYS, taught by us to regard only the surface of that which we show them, will look upon us as benefactors and saviors of mankind.

We must be able to overcome all opposition by provoking a war by the neighbors of that country which dares to oppose us. Should, however, those neighbors, in their turn, decide to unite against us we must respond by a world war.

Chief success in politics lies in the secrecy of its undertakings. Ther e must be inconsistency between the words and actions of diplomats.

We must influence the Goy governments to action beneficial to our broadly conceived plan, now approaching its triumphant goal, creating the impression that such action is demanded by public opinion which in reality is secretly organized by us with the help of the so-called "grea t power, " namely, the press ; the latter, however , wit h few exceptions that need not be considered, is already entirely in our hands.

In short, to sum up our system of shackling the GO Y gov ernments of Europe , we wil l show our power to one of them by assassination and terrorism, and should there be a possibility of all of them rising against us, we wil l answer them with American, Chinese, or Japanese guns.

#### **PROTOCOL NO . VII I**

WE must provide ourselves with the same arms our enemies can employ against us. We must seek the most subtle expressions and evasions of the legal dictionary to justify those cases in which we wil l be forced to announce decisions which may seem unnecessarily bold and unjust, for it is important that these decisions should be expressed in terms so forcible that they wil l appear as the highest mora l rules of a legal character.

O u r government must be surrounded by all the forces of civilization, in the midst of which it wil l have to function. It will surround itself with publicists, experienced lawyers, administrators, diplomats, and, finally, people educated along special lines in our special advanced schools.

These people wil l know all the secrets of social existence; they wil l know all languages composed of political letters and words : they wil l be familia r with the reverse side of human nature, with all its sensitive chords, upon which they mus t know how to play. These chords are the structure of the intellects of the GOYS , thei r tendencies, thei r failings , thei r vices, and thei r virtues , the peculiarities of classes and castes. It is evident that the highl y talented members of our government, to which I refer, wil l be recruited not fro m the ranks

of the GOYS , accustomed to performing thei r administrative duties without questioning thei r aim, and without thinking w hy they are necessary. The GO Y administrator s sign papers without reading them and work for profit or for pride.

We wil l surround our government by a whole worl d of economists. It is for this reason that economics is the chief science taught to the Jews. We wil l be surrounded by a crowd of bankers, traders, capitalists, *and most important of all, by millionaires, because in essence everything will be decided by a question of figures.*

Meanwhile , as it is not yet safe to give the responsible government posts to our brother Jews, we wil l give them to people whose record and whose character are such that there is an abyss between them and the people; also to people for whom, in case of disobedience to our orders, there wil l remain nothing but condemnation or exile—thu s forcing them to protect our interests to their last breath.

#### **PROTOCOL NO . I X**

I N applying our principles, turn your attention to the character of the people in whose countries you wil l be resident and among who m you wil l act, for a general similar application of them before the reeducation of a people according to our plan cannot be successful. But by advancing carefully in their application you wil l see that before ten years have passed the most obstinate character wil l have changed, and we can then count another people among those who already have submitted to us.

Whe n we are enthroned we wil l substitute for the liberal words of our Masoni c catchword, "Liberty , Equality , and Fraternity, " another group of words expressing simply ideas, namely, "th e right of Liberty , the duty of Equality , the ideal o f Fraternity. " Thu s we wil l speak and .. . we shall have the goat by the horns. *. . . De facto,* we have already destroyed all governments except our own, although *de jure* there are still many left. At present, if any of the governments raises a protest against us, it is done only as a matter of form, and at our desire, and by our order , because *their anti-Semitism is necessary to enable us to control our smaller*

*brothers.* I wil l not further explain this, as it has already been the object of numerous discussions.

In reality there are no obstacles before us. Ou r supergovernment exists under such extra-legal conditions that it is common to designate it by an energetic and strong wor d — a Dictatorship.

I can honestly state that at the present time we are lawmakers ; we are the judges and inflict punishment; we execute a nd pardon ; we, as the chief of all our armies, ride the leader's horse. We rule by indomitable wil l because we hold in our hands the fragments of a once strong party now subject to us. We possess boundless ambition, burning greed for merciless revenge, and bitter hatred.

*From us emanates an all-embracing terror. People of all opinions and of all doctrines are in our service; people who desire to restore monarchies, demagogues, socialists, communists, and other Utopians.* We have had to put all of them to work ; every one of them is undermining the last remnant of authority, i s tryin g to overthrow all existing order. Al l the governments have been tortured by this procedure; they beg for peace, and for the sake of peace are prepared to make any sacrifice, but we wil l not give them peace until they recognize our international super-government openly and with submission.

T he masses have begun to demand the solution of the social problem by means of an international agreement. *The division into parties has delivered all of them to us, because in order to conduct a party struggle money is required, and we have it all.*

We might fear the union of the intelligent power of the Goys ' rulers with the blind power of the masses, but we have taken all measures against such a possibility. Between the two powers we have raised a wall in the form of mutual terror ; thus the blind power of the people continues to be our support, and we alone wil l act as its leader and, naturally, we wil l direct it towards our goal.

To prevent the hand of the blind from freeing itself from our guidance, we must from time to time keep in close touch with the masses, if not through personal contact then through our most devoted brethren. Whe n we become a recognized power we wil l personally address the masses in open places, a nd we wil l expound political problems in the desired direction.

H o w verify what i s taught in village schools? But whatever the representative of the government or the rule r himself states wil l be immediately know n to the entire nation, for it wil l rapidly spread by the voice of the people.

In order not prematurely to destroy GO Y institutions, we have touched them with our efficient hands and grasped the ends of the springs of thei r mechanism. Formerl y these springs were in rigid but just order ; we have changed it to liberal, disorderly, and arbitrary lawlessness.

We have affected legal procedure, electoral law, the press, personal freedom, and, most important, education, the cornerstone of free existence.

*We have misled, corrupted, fooled, and demoralised the youth of the GOYS by education along principles and theories known by us to be false but which we ourselves have inspired.*

Withou t changing substantially the existing law we have created stupendous results by distorting the laws through contradictory interpretations. These results first manifested themselves by the fact that interpretation has concealed the law itself, and thereafter has completely hidden it from the eyes of the governments by the impossibility of understanding such complicated jurisprudence.

Henc e the theory of the court of conscience. 1

Y o u may say that there wil l be an armed rising against us if our plans are discovered prematurely; but in anticipation of this we have such a terrorizing manoeuver in the Wes t that even the bravest soul wil l shudder.

Undergroun d passages wil l be established by that time in a ll capitals, from where they can be exploded, together with a ll thei r institutions and national documents.

#### **PROTOCOL NO . X**

T O-DA Y I wil l begin by reiterating what has already been stated. *I beg you to remember that the government and the masses are satisfied with visible results in politics.* Ho w can they examine the inner meaning of things when thei r repre-

Thi s probably means the practice which arose of not adhering to the letter of the law but of judging by conscience. In European countries juror s are not compelled to render their verdict pursuant to the technical provisions of law.

sentatives consider that pleasure is above everything? It is important to know one detail in our policy. It wil l help us in discussing division of authority, freedom of speech, of the press, of religion (faith), the right of assembly, equality before the law, inviolability of property and of the home, indirect taxes and the retrospective force of law. Al l such questions should never be directly and openly discussed before the masses. Whe n it becomes necessary for us to discuss them, they should not be elaborated but merely mentioned, without going into details, pointing out that modern legal principles are being accepted by us. The significance of this reticence lies in the fact that a principle which has not been openly declared gives us freedom of action to exclude unnoticed one point or another, whereas if elaborated the principle becomes as good as established.

T he people feel an especial love and admiration towards the political genius, and they always react to thei r acts of violence as follows :

"Yes , of course it is villainy, but how clever ! — It is a trick but cleverly done! So majestically! so impudently ! . . ."

We count upon attracting all nations to the construction of the foundations of the new edifice which has been planned by us. It is for this reason that it is necessary for us first of all to acquire that spirit of daring , enterprise, and force which, through our agents, wil l enable us to overcome all obstacles in our path.

*When we accomplish our coup d'état, we will say to the peoples: "Everything went badly; all of you have suffered. We will abolish the cause of your sufferings, that is to say, nationalities, frontiers, and national currencies. Of course you are free to condemn us, but would your judgment be just if you were to pronounce it before giving a trial to what we will give you?" Thereafter they will exalt us with a sentiment of unanimous delight and hope. The voting system which we have used as a tool for our enthronement, and to which we have accustomed even the most humble members of humanity by organizing meetings and prearranged agreements, will have performed its last service and will make its last appearance in the expression of a unanimous desire to become more*

*closely acquainted with us before having pronounced a judgment.*

To attain this we must force all to vote, without class discrimination, to establish the autocracy of the majority, which cannot be obtained from the intellectual classes alone. Throug h this method of accustoming every one to the idea of selfdetermination, we wil l shatter the GO Y famil y and its educational importance. We wil l not allow the formation of individua l minds , because the mob, under our guidance, wil l prevent them from distinguishing themselves or even expressi n g themselves. The mob has become accustomed to listen only to us who pay it for obedience and attention. We wil l thus create such a blind power that it wil l be unable to move without the guidance of our agents, sent by us to replace their leaders.

T he masses wil l submit to this régime because they wil l know that thei r earnings, perquisites, and other benefits depend upon these leaders.

T he plan of government must emanate already formed from one head, as it would be impossible to put it together if disintegration by many minds into small pieces is allowed. That is why we only are allowed to know the plan of action; but we must not discuss it in order not to affect its ingenuity, the correlation between its component parts, the practical force of the secret meaning of its every clause. Wer e such a plan to be submitted to and altered by frequent voting, it would reflect the stamp of the misconceptions of every one who has not penetrated its depth and the correlation of its aims. Fo r this reason our plans must be strongly and clearly conceived. Consequently, the inspired work of our leader must not be thrown to the mercy of the mob or even of a limited group.

These plans wil l not immediately upset contemporary institutions. The y wil l only alter their organization, and consequently the entire combination of thei r development, which wil l thus be directed according to the plans laid down by us.

Mor e or less the same institutions exist in different countries under different names, such as representative bodies, ministries , senate, state council, legislative and executive bodies. It is not necessary for me to explain to you the connecting mechanism of these different institutions, as it is well know n to you. I only call to your attention that every one of

the aforesaid institutions fulfills some important governmental function, and, moreover , I beg you to notice that the wor d "important " refers not to the institution but to the function. Consequently, it is not the institutions that are important but thei r functions. Such institutions have divided among themselves all the functions of government, namely, administrative, legislative, and executive powers ; therefore, thei r functions in the state organism have become similar to those in a human body. If one part of the governmental machine is injured, the state itself falls ill , in the same way as the human body, a nd then it dies.

Whe n we injected the poison of liberalism into the state organism, its entire political complexion changed; the states became infected with a mortal disease, namely, the decomposition of the blood. It is only necessary to await the end of thei r agony.

Constitutional governments were born of liberalism, which replaced the autocracy that was the salvation of the GOYS , for the constitution, as you well know, is nothing more than a school for dispute, discussion, disagreement, fruitless party agitation, dissension, party tendencies — in other words , a school for everything which weakens the efficiency of government. T he platform no less than the press condemned the authorities to inaction and impotency and thereby rendered them useless and superfluous, for which reason they were overthrown in many countries. Th e rise of the republican era then became possible, and then we substituted for the ruler a caricature of government — a president chosen from the mob, from among our creatures, our slaves. Thi s was the kin d of mine we laid under the GOYS , or, more correctly, under the GO Y nations.

In the near future we wil l make the president a responsible officer, whereupon we wil l no longer stand on ceremony in carrying out the things for which our dummy wil l be responsible. Wha t difference does it make to us that the ranks of those aiming at authority will thin out, that confusion wil l result from inability to find presidents, confusion which wil l definitely disorganize the country?

To accomplish our plan, we wil l engineer the election of presidents whose past record contains some hidden scandal, some "Panama " — then they wil l be faithful executors of o ur orders from fear of exposure, and from the natural desire

of every man who has reached authority to retain the privileges, advantages, and dignity connected with the position of president. Th e Chambe r of Deputies wil l elect, protect, and screen presidents, but we wil l deprive it of the right of initiating laws or of amending them, for this right wil l be granted by us to the responsible president, a puppet in our hands. Of course then the power of the president wil l become the target of numerous attacks, but we wil l give hi m the means of self-protection by givin g him the right of directly applying to the people, for thei r decision, over the heads of thei r representatives. In other words , he wil l turn to the same blind slave — to the majority of the mob. Moreover , we wil l empower the president to proclaim martial law. We wil l justify this prerogative under the pretext that the president, as chief of the national army , must control it in order to protect the new republican constitution, which he, as a responsible representative of this constitution, is bound to defend.

It is obvious that under such conditions the keys to the shrine wil l be in our hands, and nobody except ourselves will be able to guide the legislative power.

We wil l also take away from the Chamber , with the introduction of the new republican constitution, the right of interpellation in regard to governmental measures, under the pretext that political secrets must be preserved. Wit h the a id of this new constitution we wil l reduce the number of representatives to the minimum , thus also reducing to the same extent political passions and passion for politics. If, in spite of this, those remaining are recalcitrant, we wil l abolish them completely by appealing to the majority of the people.

T he appointment of the president and vice presidents of the Chamber and Senate wil l be the prerogative of the president. Instead of continuous parliamentary sessions, we wil l shorten them to a few months. Moreover , the president, as chief executive, wil l have the right to convene or dissolve parliament, and in the case of dissolution, defer the appointment of a new parliament. But to prevent the president from being held responsible before our plans are matured for the results of all these essentially illegal actions inaugurated by us, we wil l give the ministers and other high administrative officials surrounding the president the idea of circumventing his orders by issuing instructions of thei r own. Consequently, they wil l

#### THE PROTOCOLS

be made responsible instead of him. We recommend that the execution of this plan be given especially to the Senate, State Council, or Council of Ministers, and not to individuals. Under our guidance the president will interpret in ambiguous ways such existing laws as it is possible so to interpret. Moreover, he will annul them when the need is pointed out to him by us: he will also have the right to propose temporary laws and even modifications in the constitutional work of government, alleging as the motive for so doing the exigencies of the welfare of the country.

By such measures we will be able to destroy gradually, step by step, everything that, upon entering into our rights, we were obliged to introduce into government constitutions as a transition to the imperceptible abolition of all constitutions, when the time comes to convert all government into our autocracy.

The recognition of our autocrat may come even before the abolition of the constitution; the moment for this recognition will come when the people, tormented by dissension and the incompetency of their rulers, incited by us, will exclaim: Depose them, and give us one universal sovereign who will unite us and abolish the causes of dissension — national frontiers, religion, state indebtedness — and who will give us the peace and quiet which we cannot find with our rulers and representatives.

But you know well that to render such a universal expression of desire possible, it is necessary continuously to disturb the relationship between the people and the government in all countries, and so to exhaust everybody by the dissension, hostility, struggle, hatred, and even martyrdom, hunger, inoculation of diseases, and misery, as to make the GOYS see no other solution than an appeal to our money and complete rule.

Should we give the people a rest, however, the longed for moment will probably never arrive.

#### PROTOCOL NO. XI

HE Council of State will tend to accentuate the power of the ruler; in the capacity of an ostensible legislative body, it will act as a committee for the drawing up of laws and statutes on behalf of the ruler.

T he following is the program of the new constitution which we are preparing. We wil l make laws and control the courts in the following manner :

- 1. By suggestions to the legislative body.
- 2. By means of orders issued by the president as general statutes, decrees of the Senate, and decisions of the Council of State, as regulations passed by the ministries.
- 3. An d when the opportune moment arrives in the form of a *coup d'état.*

Havin g thus roughly outlined the *modus agendi,* we wil l now take up in detail those measures by which we wil l complete the development of the governmental mechanism in the above direction. By these measures, I mean the freedom of the press, the right of assembly, religious freedom, electoral rights , and many other things which must disappear from the human repertoire, or must be fundamentally altered on the day following the declaration of the new constitution. It is only at this moment that it wil l become possible for us to announce a ll our decrees, for at any time in the future every perceptible change would be dangerous, and this for the following reasons: If these changes should be introduced and rigidl y enforced, it might cause despair by creating the fear of further changes in a similar direction; if, however, they are made with a tendency to subsequent leniency, then it might be said that we have recognized our mistakes, which would undermine the faith in the infallibility of the new authority ; it might also be said that we were frightened, and that we were forced to make concessions for which nobody would be thankful since they would be considered as legitimately due.

A n y of these impressions would be detrimental to the prestige of the new constitution. It is necessary for us that, from the first moment of its proclamation, when the people are still dumbfounded by the accomplished revolution and are in a state of terror and surprise, they should realize we are so strong, so invulnerable, and so mighty that we shall in no case pay attention to them, and not only wil l we ignore their opinions and desires, but be ready to and capable of suppressi ng at any moment or place any sign of opposition with indisputable authority. We shall want the people to realize that we have taken at once everything we wanted, and that we shall under no circumstances share our power with them. The n

they wil l close thei r eyes to everything out of fear and wil l await further developments.

T he GOY S are like a flock of sheep — we are wolves.

Do you know what happens to sheep when wolves get into the fold?

The y wil l also close thei r eyes to everything because we wil l promise to return to them all thei r liberties after the enemies of peace have been subjugated and all the parties pacified.

Is it necessary to say how long they woul d have to wait f or the return of thei r liberties?

W h y have we conceived and inspired this policy for the GOY S without givin g them an opportunity to examine its inner meaning if not for the purpose of attaining by a circuitous method what is unattainable for our scattered race by a direct road?

Thi s constituted a base for our organization of *secret masonry which is not known to and whose aims are not even suspected by these cattle, the GOYS. They have been decoyed by us into our numerous ostensible organizations, which appear to be Masonic lodges, so as to divert the attention of their coreligionists.*

G od has given us, his chosen people, the power to scatter, and what to all appears to be our weakness, has proved to be our strength, and has now brought us to the threshold of universal rule.

Littl e remains to be built on these foundations.

#### **PROTOCO L NO . XI I**

T HE word "Liberty " can be differently interpreted. We wil l define it as follows :

Libert y is the right to do that which is permitted by law. Such a definition of this wor d wil l eventually serve us, because liberty wil l be in our power ; and also because the laws wil l either destroy or construct only what we desire in accordance with the above mentioned program.

We wil l deal with the press in the following manner : Wha t is the present rôle of the press? It serves to arouse furious passions or egotistic party dissensions which may be necessary

for our purpose. It is empty, unjust, inaccurate, and most people do not understand what end it serves. We wil l shackle it and keep a tight rein on it. We wil l also do the same with other printed matter, for what use would it be for us to ri d ourselves of attacks on the part of the periodical press if we remain open to criticism through pamphlets and books? We wil l convert the products of publicity, now so expensive, owin g to the need of censorship, into a source of income for our state. We wil l impose a special stamp tax. Whe n a newspaper printing shop is started, bonds wil l have to be deposited, which will guarantee our government from all attacks on the part of the press. In case of an attack, we wil l mercilessly impose fines. Such measures as stamps, bonds, and fines, the payment of which is guaranteed by the bonds, wil l brin g a huge income to the government. It is true that party papers might not fear the loss of money, so we wil l suppress these after the second attack on us. No one shall touch the prestige of our political infallibilit y and remain unpunished. The pretext for stopping a publication wil l be that the publication in question excites public opinion without cause or reason. *I ask you to bear in mind that among those who attack us there will be also organs established by us, but they will attack exclusively those points which we plan to change.*

*Not one notice will be made public without our control.* Thi s is already being done by us, since the news from all parts of the world is received through several agencies in which it is centralized.

These agencies wil l then be completely in our powe r and they wil l publish only such news as we wil l permit.

If we have already managed to subjugate the minds of the Goy s to such an extent that almost all of them see world events through colored glasses which we put over thei r eyes; if, even at present, there is not one state which bars our access to state secrets, so termed by the stupid GOYS , then what wil l it be when we, in the person of our universal sovereign, are the recognized rulers of the world?

L e t us return to the future of the press. Anybod y who wishes to become an editor, a librarian, or a printer , wil l be obliged to obtain a diploma, which in case of disobedience wil l be immediately revoked.

Wit h such measures, *thought will become an educational in-*

*strument in the hands of our government, which will not allow the people to be led astray into realms of fancy and dreams about beneficent progress.* Wh o of us does not know that these fantastic blessings are the direct road to baseless hopes which lead to anarchistic relations between the people and the government? Progress , or better still the idea of progress, has led to the creation of different modes of emancipation without setting any limit to it. Al l so-called liberals are essentially anarchists in thought if not in action. Eac h one of them pursues the phantom of liberty, becoming self-willed, that is to say, falling into a state of anarchy by protesting for the mere sake of protesting.

We wil l now again refer to the question of the press. We wil l place stamp taxes secured by bonds on each page of all printed matter, while on books containing less than four hundred and eighty pages we wil l place a double tax. We wil l classify them as pamphlets, so as to lessen the number of magazines, which represent the worst printed poison — and on the other hand, to force writer s to prepare such long works that they wil l be little read, especially as they wil l be expensive. Ou r own publications, guiding public opinion in the direction we desire, wil l be cheap and rapidl y bought. The tax wil l discourage the writing of mere leisure literature, whereas punishment will make the writer s dependent upon us. Eve n if there were writer s who woul d like to attack us, they would find no publishers for thei r works . Befor e printing any work, the editor or printer wil l have to apply to the authorities for permission. We wil l then know beforehand of the attacks that are being prepared against us, and we wil l destroy them by coming out with advance statements on the subject.

Literatur e and journalism are the two most important educational forces ; for this reason our government wil l become the owner of most of the periodicals. Thi s wil l neutralize the injurious influence of the private press and have great influence on the people. If we permit ten periodicals, we our selves wil l print thirty, and so forth. This , however, must not be suspected by the public. Al l the periodicals published by us wil l seem to be of contradictory views and opinions , inviting trust in us, thus attracting to us unsuspecting enemies, and in this way they wil l be caught in our trap and made harmless.

T he predominant place wil l be held by periodicals of an official character. The y wil l always stand guard over our interests and consequently thei r influence wil l be comparatively limited.

In the second category we wil l place semi-official organs, whose aim wil l be to attract the indifferent and little interested.

T he third category wil l be our ostensible opposition, which at least in one of its publications wil l represent the opposition to us. Ou r real enemies wil l mistake this seeming opposition as belonging to thei r own group and wil l thus show us thei r cards.

A l l our newspapers wil l represent different tendencies, namely, aristocratic, republican, revolutionary, even anar chistic, so long of course as the constitution lasts. Lik e the Indian Go d VISHNU , these periodicals wil l have one hundred arms, each of which wil l reach the pulse of every group of public opinion. Whe n the pulse beats faster, these arms wil l guide opinion toward our aims, since the excited person loses the power of reasoning and is easily led. Thos e fools who believe that they repeat the opinions expressed by the newspapers of thei r party wil l be repeating our opinions or those which we desire them to have. Imagining that they are following the press of their party, they wil l follow the flag which we wil l fly for them.

In order that our newspaper militi a may carry out our program, we must organize the press with great care. Unde r the title of the Centra l Department of the press, we wil l organize literary meetings at which our agents unnoticed wil l give the passwords and countersigns. Discussing and contradicting o ur policies, although always superficially, without touching thei r essence, our press wil l conduct an empty fire against official newspapers so as to give us only an opportunity to express ourselves in greater detail than we were able to in our preliminar y declarations. This , of course, wil l be done when it is useful to us.

*These attacks against us will also seem to convince the people that complete liberty of the press still exists, and it will give our agents the opportunity to declare that the papers opposing us are mere wind-bags,* since they are unable to find any real ground to refute our orders.

Such measures, which wil l escape the notice of public atten-

tion, wil l be the most successful means of guiding the publi c min d and of inspiring confidence in our government. Thank s to them, we wil l as the need arises excite or pacify the publi c mind on political questions. We wil l be able to persuade or confuse them, sometimes printing the truth, sometimes lies, referring to facts or contradicting them according to the way they are received by the public , always carefully sounding the ground before stepping on it. *We will surely conquer our enemies, because they will not have the press at their disposal in which to express themselves in full.* Moreover , with the above mentioned plans against the press, we wil l not even need to refute them seriously.

T he trial balloons thrown out by us in the third category of o ur press, we wil l deny energetically, in case of need, in our semi-official organs.

In French journalism there already exists the Masoni c solidarity of a password; all organs of the press are bound by professional secrecy; like the ancient augurs , not one member will disclose his secret if he is not ordered to do so. No t one journalis t wil l dare to disclose this secret, for not one of them is admitted to literary headquarters unless he has a disgraceful action in his past record. Th e fact would immediately be made public. Whil e these disgraceful actions are know n only to a few, the prestige of the journalis t attracts opinion throughout the country—h e i s admired.

O u r plans must extend chiefly to the provincia l districts. There we must excite hopes and ambitions opposed to those of the capitals, by means of which we may always attack them, presenting such ambitions to the capitals as the inspired views and aims of provincia l districts. It is obvious that thei r source wil l be ours. It is necessary for us that while we are not yet in full power , the capital should be under the influence of provincial public opinion ; that is under the influence of the majority prearranged by our agents. It is necessary for us that at the critical psychological moment the capitals should not discuss an accomplished fact, for the mere reason that it h ad been accepted by the provincial majority.

*When we reach the phase of the new régime, which is transitory to our accession to power, we must not allow the press to expose social corruption. It must be thought that the new régime has satisfied everybody to such an extent that even*

#### THE PROTOCOLS

criminality has stopped. Cases of criminal activity must only be known to their victims or their accidental witnesses, and to these alone.

#### PROTOCOL NO. XIII

The need of daily bread forces the GOYS to silence and compels them to remain our obedient servants. The agents taken from among them for our press will discuss the facts they are ordered to publish, when it is inconvenient for us to publish statements openly in official documents. While discussion and dispute are taking place, we will simply pass the measures we desire and present them to the public as an accomplished fact. Nobody will dare to demand the rejection of measures thus passed, and the more so as they will be interpreted as an improvement. At this point the press will divert the thoughts of the people to new problems (we having accustomed the people always to seek new emotions). Those brainless creators of destiny, who heretofore have been unable to understand and do not now understand that they are ignorant of matters which they undertake to discuss, will also hasten to discuss these new problems. Political questions are meant to be understood only by those who have created them and have been directing them for many centuries.

From all this you will realize that by aiming to control the opinion of the mob we will only facilitate the functioning of our mechanism, and you will also notice that we seek approbation, not for actions but for words uttered by us on various occasions. We always declare that we are guided in all our policies by the hope and certainty of serving the general good.

To divert the over-restless people from discussing political problems, we now make it appear that we provide them with new problems, namely, those pertaining to industry. Let them become excited over this subject as much as they like. The masses will consent to remain inactive, to rest from so-called political activity (to which we ourselves accustomed them for the purpose of helping us in our struggle against the GOY government), only on condition of a new occupation in which we can show them supposedly the same political background.

To prevent them from reaching any independent decisions, we will divert their minds by amusements, games, pastimes,

*passions, and cultural centers for the people.* We wil l soon begin to offer prize contests, through the press, in the field of art, and sports of all kinds . Such attractions wil l definitely deflect the min d fro m problems over which we woul d otherwise have to fight with the people. By losing more and more the custom of independent thought, they wil l begin to talk in unison with us, because we alone wil l provide new lines of thought through persons with whom of course we wil l presumably have no connection.

T h e rôle of liberal Utopians wil l be definitely terminated when our government i s recognized. Unti l that time, they wil l do us good service. Fo r this reason we wil l still direct thought towards different fantastic theories which wil l appear to be progressive. Fo r it was by the word "progress " that we have successfully turned the brains of the stupid GOYS . Ther e are no brains among the GOY S to realize that this wor d is but a cover for digression from the truth, unless it is applied to ma terial inventions, *since there is but one truth and there is no room for progress.* Progress , being a false conception, serves to conceal the truth so that nobody may know it except our selves, God's elect, who are its guardians .

Whe n our kingdo m i s established, our orators wil l discuss the great problems which have stirred humanity for the purpose of bringing it finally under our blessed rule.

W h o wil l then suspect that all *these problems were instigated by us, according to a political plan which has not been disclosed by any one during so many centuries.*

#### **PROTOCO L NO . XI V**

WH E N we become rulers we wil l not tolerate the existence of any other religion except our own, which proclaims one God , with whom our fate is bound up because we are the Chosen People, and our fate has determined the fate of the world. Fo r this reason we must destroy all other religions . If the result of this produces modern atheists, as a transitory step, this wil l not interfere with our plans but wil l act as an example to those generations which wil l listen to our teachi ng of the religion of Moses , which, owing to its solid and thoughtful system, wil l eventually lead to the domination of

a ll nations by us. We wil l also lay stress on the mystical truth of Masoni c teaching which, we wil l assert, i s the foundation of its whole educative power .

On every possible occasion we wil l then publish articles in which we wil l compare our beneficial rule with that of the past. Th e benefits of peace, although attained through centuries of unrest, wil l serve to demonstrate the beneficial character of our rule. The mistakes made by the GOY S during their administration wil l be pictured by us in the most vivi d colors. We wil l cause such disgust towards the administration of the GOY S that the masses wil l prefer the peace of serfdom to the right s of the much lauded liberty which has so cruelly tortured them and drained from them the very source of human existence, and by which they were exploited by a mass of adventurers, ignorant of what they were doing. *The useless changes of government, to which we ourselves prompted the* Goys, *when we were undermining their governmental apparatus, will become such a nuisance to the people by that time, that they will prefer to endure anything from us rather than risk a repetition of former unrest and hardships.* We will , moreover , lay particular stress on the historical mistakes made by the G O Y governments, which caused humanity to suffer for many centuries for lack of understanding of all matters pertaining to its true welfare, and because of thei r search for fantastic schemes of social welfare. The GOY S did not notice that such schemes instead of improvin g mutual relationship, which is the basis of human existence, have only made it worse.

T he whole force of our principles and measures wil l lie in the fact that they are put forward and interpreted by us as being in sharp contrast to the decayed social order of forme r times.

O u r philosophers wil l discuss all the shortcomings of the G O Y religion, but nobody wil l ever discuss our religion in the light of its true aspect, and nobody wil l ever thoroughl y understand it, except our own people, who wil l never dare to disclose its secrets.

*In countries so-called advanced we have created insane, dirty, and disgusting literature.* Fo r a short time after our entrance into power we wil l encourage its publication in order that the contrast between it and the speeches and programs which wil l be heard from our heights should be more pointedly

marked. Ou r wise men, trained as guides to the GOYS , wil l prepare speeches, plans, memoranda, and articles, by which we wil l influence the minds and direct them towards the conceptions and the knowledge which we wish them to have.

#### **PROTOCOL NO . X V**

WH E N we finall y become rulers by means of revolutions , which wil l be arranged so that they shall take place simultaneously in all countries and immediately after all existing governments shall have been officially pronounced as incapable (which may not happen soon, perhaps not before a whole century), we wil l see to it that no plots are hatched against us. To effect this, we wil l kil l heartlessly all who take up arms against the establishment of our rule.

T he establishment of any new secret society wil l be met by the death penalty, and those societies which now exist and are known to us and either wor k or have worked for us, wil l be disbanded and their members exiled to continents far removed from Europe .

*We will deal in the same manner with those Masons among the Goys who know too much.* The Masons who m we may pardon for any reason wil l be kept under continual fear of exile. We wil l pass a law whereby all members of secret organizations wil l be exiled from Europe , that being the center of our government. The decisions of our government wil l be final and there wil l be no right of appeal.

In the GO Y society, where we have planted such deep roots of dissension and protest, order can only be restored by merciless measures which wil l serve as evidence that our powe r cannot be infringed. Ther e is no necessity for regard towards the victims sacrificed for the future good. To attain good, even though by the sacrifice of life, is the duty of every government which realizes that its existence depends not upon privileges alone, but upon the exercise of its duties as well.

T he most important means for erecting a stable government is to strengthen the prestige of authority. Thi s is only obtained by its majestic and unshakable power , which wil l convey the impression that it is inviolable because of its mystical nature, namely, because chosen by God. *Such until recently*

*has been the Russian Autocracy — our only dangerous enemy throughout the world, with the exception of the Pope.* Re member Italy drownin g in blood; she did not touch a hai r on the head of Sull a who had shed that blood. Sull a had become powerful in the eyes of the people, although they were tor tured by him ; his manly return to Italy placed him beyond persecution. The people do not touch those who hypnotize them by bravery and steadfastness of spirit.

Meanwhile , until our rule is established, we, on the contrary, wil l organize and multipl y free masonic lodges in all the countries of the world. We will attract to them all those w ho are and who may become public-spirited, because in these lodges wil l be the chief source of information and fro m them wil l emanate our influence.

A l l these lodges wil l be centralized under one management, known only to us and unknown to all others ; these lodges wil l be administered by our wise men. The lodges wil l have their o wn representative in this management in order to screen the above mentioned Masoni c government; he wil l give the password and elaborate the program. We wil l tie the knot of all revolutionary liberal elements in these lodges. Thei r membership wil l consist of all strata of society. Th e most secret political plans wil l be know n to us and wil l fall under our leadership on the very day of thei r origination. *Among the members of these lodges will be almost all the agents of the international and national police,* whose work is indispensable for us, inasmuch as the police not only are able to take independent measures against the rebellious, but may also serve to mask our actions, provoke discontent, and so forth.

Mos t people who become members of secret societies are adventurers, career makers, and irresponsible persons in general, with who m we wil l have no difficulty in dealing and who wil l help us to set in motion the mechanism of the machine planned by us. If this world becomes perturbed, it wil l only prove that it was necessary for us to disorganize it so as to destroy its too great solidarity. *If a plot is laid, it must be headed by one of our most trustworthy servants.* It is only natural that we want nobody but ourselves to guide the work of the Masons, 1 for we know where we are trending, we know

It is important to point out that *some of the Jews themselves* in their writings have claimed that Masonr y is largely controlled by

the final aim of every action. Th e GOYS , however , understand nothing, not even the immediate results. The y are usually concerned about the momentary satisfaction of thei r ambitions in achieving thei r intentions. The y do not notice, however , that the intention itself was not initiated by them, but that it was we who gave them the idea.

T h e GOY S become members of the lodges out of pure curiosity, or hoping to receive thei r share in the public funds. Ther e are others who come for the purpose of seizing the opportunity of putting before the public thei r impossible and baseless hopes. The y long for the emotion of success and for the applause which we grant them lavishly. We create thei r success in order to utilize the self-deception that is born with it and by which people, without noticing, begin to follow our suggestions without suspecting them, and being full y convinced that thei r infallibilit y originates its own ideas and, therefore, does not need those of others. Yo u have no idea how easy it is to brin g even the most intelligent GOY S to a state of unconscious credulity, and, on the other hand, how easy it is to discourage them by the smallest failure, or merely by ceasing to applaud them, thus bringing them into servitude for the sake of achieving new success. *To the same extent as our people ignore success for the sake of carrying out their plans, so are the GOYS ready to sacrifice all their plans for the sake of success.* Thei r psychology makes the problem of direction easier for us. Thos e tigers in appearance have the souls of sheep and nonsense filters through thei r heads. As a hobby we have given them the dream of submerging human individualism through the symbolic idea of *collectivism.*

The y have not yet discovered and wil l not discover that this hobby is a clear infringement on the principal law of nature, which, from the beginning of the world, created a being unlike a ll others, precisely for the sake of expressing his individuality .

If we were able to lead them to such insane and blind

Jewish influence. In this connection the statement of Dr . Isaac M. Wis e may be recalled:

"Masonr y is a Jewish institution whose history, decrees, charges, passwords and explanations are Jewish, from the beginning to the end, with the exception of only one by-decree and a few words in the obligation. " (Dr . Isaac M. Wise , *The Israelite,* Augus t 3rd and 17th, 1855; quoted by Samuel Oppenheim in his pamphlet "Jew s and Masonr y in the United States before 1810," American Jewish Historica l Society, N e w York , 1910, No . 19, pp. 1, 2.)

beliefs, does it not obviously prove the low level of development of the GO Y mind as compared to our mind? It is precisely the thing which guarantees our success.

H o w far sighted were our wise men of old when they said that to attain a serious object one must not stop at the means, nor should one count the victims sacrificed to the cause. We have not counted the victims from among the GOYS , those seeds of cattle. Althoug h we have sacrificed many of our o wn peoples, we have already given them in return a formerly undreamed-of position on earth. The comparatively few victims from among our own people have saved our race from destruction.

Death is the unavoidable end of all. It would be better to accelerate this end for those who interfere with our cause than for our people or for us, ourselves, the creators of this cause, to die. *We kill Masons in such a way that none but the brothers suspect, not even the victims; they all die when it is necessary, apparently from a natural death.* Knowin g this, even the brethren, in their turn, dare not protest. It is through such measures that we have uprooted the heart of protest against our orders from among the Masons . Preaching liberalism to the GOYS , at the same time we hold ou r people and our agents under iron discipline.

Throug h our influence the enforcement of the GO Y laws has been reduced to a minimum . The prestige of the law has been undermined by the liberal interpretations introduced by us. The courts decide as we dictate the most important principles, both political and moral, viewing the cases in the light presented by us for the GO Y administration. Thi s we accomplished naturally through agents, with whom we have ostensibly no connection, namely, through the press or otherwise. Eve n senators and high officials blindly follow our advice. Th e purely animal mind of the GOY S is incapable of analysis and observation, and even less so of foreseeing to what results the development of the principle involved in a case may lead.

It is through this difference in the process of reasoning between us and the GOY S that it becomes possible clearly to demonstrate the stamp of God' s elect as compared to the instinctive and bestial mentality of the GOYS . The y see, but they cannot foresee, and they cannot invent anything except material

things. It is clear, therefore, that nature herself intended us to rule and guide the world .

Whe n the time comes for our open rule, then wil l be the time to show its benefits, and we wil l change all the laws. Ou r laws wil l be short, clear, irrevocable, and requiring no interpretation, so that everybody wil l be able to know them thoroughly. T he chief point emphasized in them wil l be a highl y developed obedience to authority, which wil l eliminate all abuses, for all without exception wil l be responsible before the supreme power vested in the highest authority.

Abus e of powe r by mino r officials wil l then disappear, because it wil l be punished so mercilessly that they wil l lose the desire to experiment with their power. We wil l closely watch every action of the administration, upon which depends the action of the government machinery, for corruption there creates corruption everywhere; not a single violation of law or act of corruption wil l remain unpunished. Act s of concealment and willfu l neglect on the par t of governmental officials wil l disappear after they have seen the first example of severe punishment. Th e prestige of power necessitates that appropriate, that is to say severe, punishment s should be inflicted even for the smallest violations of the sanctity of the supreme authority, committed for the sake of personal gain. T he guilty, if punished severely, wil l be like a soldier who falls on the battlefield of administration for the sake of Au thority, Principle , and Law ; these principles do not allow any digression from thei r social function for a personal motive, even on the part of those who rule. Fo r instance: *Our judges will know that by attempting to show stupid mercy, they overstep the law of justice, which was created solely for exemplary punishment of crimes and not for the manifestation of moral qualities on the part of the judge.* Such qualities are commendable in private, but not in public life, which constitutes the educational foru m of human life.

T he personnel of our judges wil l not remain in office after the age of fifty-five. First, because old people adhere more persistently to prejudiced opinions and are less capable of submitting to new commands ; and secondly, because that enables us to achieve a certain flexibility of change in the personnel, which wil l bend more easily under our pressure. He who wishes to retain his position wil l have to obey blindly.

In general, our judges wil l be selected only from among those who wil l clearly understand that they must punish people and enforce the laws, and not indulge in dreams of liberalism at the expense of the educational plan of the government, as is n ow imagined by the GOYS . The method of changing the personnel wil l also serve to undermine the collective solidarity of the governmental officials and wil l attach them to the cause of the government, which decides their fate. The younger generation of judges wil l be so educated as to prevent any crimina l activity which might interfere wit h the inter-relationship which we have established for our subjects.

At present the GO Y judges, lacking a clear conception of the nature of thei r duties, make exceptions to all kinds of crimes. Thi s occurs because the present rulers, when appointing judges, do not take the trouble to encourage the sense of duty and conscientiousness in the work to be performed by them. As the animal sends out its young in search of prey, so the GOY S are givin g thei r subjects responsible offices without taking the time to explain thei r functions. Owin g to this, thei r rule is undermined by thei r own efforts and through the actions of their ow n administration. Le t us use the result of such actions as one more example of the advantage of our own rule.

We wil l eliminate liberalism from all the important strategic positions in our administration upon which depend the traini ng of our subjects for our social order. These positions wil l be given only to those who have been trained by us for governmental work.

In answer to a possible remark, that the putting of old officials on the retired list may prove expensive for the treasury , I can state first, that, prior to thei r dismissal, some private work wil l be found for them to replace what they are losing, and secondly, I may also remark, that all the world' s money wil l be concentrated in our hands ; consequently, our government need not fear expense.

O u r autocracy wil l be consistent in every respect, and consequently every manifestation of our great power wil l be respected and unconditionally obeyed. We wil l ignore grumblin g and discontent, and all active manifestations of either wil l be suppressed by punishment, which wil l serve as an example to the rest of the people.

We wil l abolish the right of appellate courts to annul judi-

cial decisions, which wil l become the exclusive prerogative of the sovereign, for we cannot permit the people to think that an incorrect decision may possibly be rendered by the judges appointed by us. Should, however, such an error happen, we ourselves wil l annul the decision; but the punishment which we wil l impose upon the judge for misconception of his duties and of his responsibility wil l be so severe that it wil l eliminate the very possibility of a recurrence. I repeat that we wil l watch every step taken by our administration in order to enable us to satisfy the people, for they have a right to demand a good appointee fro m a good administration.

In the person of our sovereign, our government wil l bear the appearance of a patriarchal or fatherly tutelage. Th e people, our subjects, wil l see in hi m a father who takes care of every need, every action, and who is concerned with every relationship, both among the subjects themselves and between them and the sovereign.

Thus , they wil l become imbued with the idea that it is im possible for them to do without this guardian and guide if they wish to live in a worl d of peace and quiet. *They will recognize the autocracy of our sovereign, whom they will respect and almost deify,* especially when they realize that our agents do not usurp his power , but merely execute his orders blindly. The y wil l be glad that everything is regulated in thei r lives, as is done by wise parents who wish to educate thei r children to a sense of duty and obedience. Wit h regard to the secrets of our political plans, both the masses and thei r administration are like little children.

As you can see for yourselves, I base our despotism upon right and duty ; the right of forcing the performance of duty is the direct function of government, acting as the father to its subjects. It is the right of the strong to utilize his power in order to lead humanit y towards a social order established by the law of nature, namely, obedience. Everythin g in the worl d is subject, if not to some other persons, then to circumstances, or to its ow n nature ; but in any case, to something stronger than itself. Consequently, let us be the strongest for the common good.

We must sacrifice without hesitation those individual s who violate the existing order, for in exemplary punishment of evil there lies a great educational problem.

Whe n the Kin g of Israel places the crown offered to hi m by Europe on his sacred head, he wil l become the Patriarch of the World . The necessary sacrifices made by him wil l never equal the number of victims sacrificed to the mania of greatness during the centuries of rivalr y between the GO Y governments.

O u r sovereign wil l be in constant communication with the people, delivering from tribunes addresses which wil l be spread to all parts of the world.

#### **PROTOCOL NO . XV I**

F OR the purpose of destroying all collective forces except o ur own, we wil l nullif y the universities, the first stage of collectivism, by reconstructing them along new lines. *Their directors and professors will be trained for their work through detailed secret programs of action, from which they will not be able to deviate in the least with impunity. They will be appointed with special care and will be so placed as to be completely dependent upon the government.*

We wil l exclude fro m the curriculum civi c law, as well as all that touches upon political questions. These subjects wil l be taught only to a few dozen selected for thei r striking ability from among the initiated. *The universities must not allow the callow youths to graduate who concoct plans of constitutions as they do comedies or tragedies, or who meddle with political matters which even their fathers do not understand.*

Poorl y directed study of political questions by a great number of people creates Utopians and poor citizens, as you can judge by the universal education as conducted by the GOY S along those lines. It was necessary for us to infiltrate into thei r educational system such principles as have successfully broken down thei r social order. Whe n we are in power , we wil l eliminate all disturbing subjects from educational systems and wil l make young people obedient children of their superiors, loving the sovereign as their assurance of hope, peace, a nd quiet.

F o r the study of the classics and ancient history, which contain more bad than good examples, we wil l substitute a program dealing with the future. We wil l obliterate from

the memory of the people all those facts pertaining to former centuries which are not to our advantage, leaving only those which emphasize the mistakes of the GO Y governments. The study of practical life, of obligatory social order , of the inter relationship of human beings, the avoidance of evil, egotistical examples that plant the seed of evil, and other questions of a pedagogical nature, wil l head the educational program. Thi s program wil l differ for each caste, never allowing education to be of a uniform character. Such a system is of special im portance.

Eac h caste must be educated with strict limitations , accordi ng to its particular occupation and the nature of the work. Accidental genius has always been able and always wil l be able to rise to a higher caste; but, for the sake of this rare exception, to open the door to the inefficient, and to admit them to higher castes or ranks, enabling them to occupy positions of others born and trained to fill them — is absolute insanity. You , your self, know what happened to the GOY S when they yielded to this nonsense.

In order to implant the sovereign firmly in the minds and hearts of his subjects, it is necessary to acquaint the people, during his term of office, both in schools and in public places, with the importance of his activity and the benevolence of his enterprises.

We wil l abolish all unlicensed teaching. Students wil l have the right to gather, with thei r relatives, in thei r colleges as if in clubs. Durin g these gatherings, on holidays, the teachers wil l read supposedly unbiased lectures on problems of human relationship, on the law of imitation, on the cruelty of unrestricted competition, and finally, on new philosophical theories which have not yet been disclosed to the world.

We wil l promote these theories into dogmatic beliefs, using them as stepping-stones to our faith. Afte r having presented o ur program of action for the present and for the future, I wil l read to you the principles of these theories.

In short, knowin g from the experience of many centuries that men live and are guided by ideas, that these ideas are imbued only by means of education given to persons of all ages, of course by different methods but meeting with equal success, we wil l absorb and appropriate to our own advantage the last traces of independent thought, which for a long time

#### THE PROTOCOLS

have been directed to the goal and to the ideas necessary to us. The system of enslaving thought is already in action through so-called visual education.

This system tends to turn the GOYS into thoughtless, obedient animals, expecting to see in order to understand. In France one of our best agents, Bourgeois, has already announced a new program of visual education.

#### PROTOCOL NO. XVII

THE lawyer's profession makes people grow cold, cruel, stubborn and unprincipled, and compels them to take an abstract or purely legal viewpoint in all matters. They have learned to consider solely the personal gain derived from every case they handle and not the possibility of the social benefit of its results. They rarely refuse to take a case and always strive for acquittal at all cost, clinging to minor technical points of a legal nature. In this way they demoralize the courts. Therefore we will limit this profession, converting it into an executive public office. Lawyers will be deprived of the right of contact with their clients on the same basis as are the judges. They will receive their cases only from the court, preparing them on the strength of written reports and documents and defending their clients after they have been examined in court on the basis of the facts obtained during the trial. They will receive a salary, regardless of whether the defense has been successful or not. They will act as simple exponents of the case on behalf of the defense in counterbalance to the public prosecutor, who will act as exponent on behalf of the prosecution. This will shorten legal procedure and establish an honest and impartial defense, conducted not for the sake of personal gain, but based on the personal conviction of the lawyer. This will also eliminate the existing bribery among fellow lawyers and prevent their allowing the side to win which pays.

We have already taken care to discredit the clergy of the GOYS and thus to undermine their function, which at the present time could have been very much in our way. Their influence over the people diminishes daily.

To-day freedom of religion has been proclaimed every-

where ; consequently, it is only a *question of a few years before the complete collapse of Christendom.* It wil l be still easier to deal with other religions , but it is too early to discuss this problem. We wil l confine clericalism and clericals withi n such a narrow field that thei r influence wil l have an effect opposite to what it used to have.

Whe n the moment comes to annihilate the Vatica n completely, an invisible hand, pointing towards this court, wil l guide the masses in thei r assault. When , however, the masses attack, we wil l come forward as defenders to prevent too much bloodshed. By this method we wil l penetrate its very heart and wil l not leave it until we have undermined its power .

T he Kin g of Israel wil l become the real Pope of the Universe , the Patriarch of the International Church.

B u t until we have accomplished the re-education of the youth to new transitional religions and finally to our own, *we will not openly attack the existing churches, but will fight them by means of criticism, thus creating dissension.*

In general, our press wil l denounce governmental activities and religion, and wil l expose the inefficiency of the GOY S i n the most unscrupulous terms, so as to humiliate them to such an extent as only our ingenious race is capable of doing. Ou r rule wil l simulate the Go d Vishnu , who resembles us physically ; each of our hundred hands wil l hold one of the springs of the social machine. We wil l see everything without the aid of the official police ; in its present organization, however , which we have worked out for the GOYS , the police prevent the government from seeing anything. Accordin g to our program, onethird of our subjects wil l watch the others from a pure sense of duty, as volunteers for the government. The n it wil l not be considered disgraceful to be a spy and an informer ; on the contrary, it wil l be regarded as praiseworthy. Unfounde d reports, however, wil l be severely punished to prevent abuse of this privilege.

O u r agents wil l be recruited both from among the highest and the lowest ranks of society; they wil l be selected fro m among the pleasure-loving governmental officials, editors, printers, booksellers, salesmen, workmen, drivers , butlers, etc. Thi s police force wil l have no official rights or credentials, which give opportunity for the abuse of power , and conse-

quently it wil l be powerless ; it wil l merely act as observer and wil l make reports. Th e verification of such reports and the issue of warrant s for arrests wil l rest with a responsible group of police controllers. Th e actual arrests, however , wil l be made by a gendarme corps or the municipal police. In case of failure to report any political matter which has been observed or rumored, the person who should have reported it may be brought to tria l for concealment of crime, if it is proven that he is guilty.

*In the same way that our brethren are now under obligation to report on their own initiative on all apostates,* or on any person marked as being opposed to the Kehillah , so in our Universa l Kingdo m it wil l be obligatory for all subjects to serve the state in that direction.

Such an organization wil l eliminate all abuse of powe r and various kinds of coercion and corruption, in fact, the very things which have been introduced into the customs of the GOY S by our councils and by the theories of the right s of supermen. Bu t how otherwise could we foment the increasi n g causes for disorder in the mids t of thei r administration? Wha t other means could we use? Amon g these means, one of the most important is the employment of such agents for the preservation of order as are in a position to manifest their o wn evil inclinations in the course of thei r destructive work, namely, thei r self-will, abuse of authority, and, most important of all, bribery.

#### **PROTOCOL NO . XVII I**

WH E N the time comes for us to strengthen the measures of police protection (the most terrible poison for the prestige of authority), we wil l artificially organize disorder or simulate the expression of discontent with the aid of experienced orators. These orators wil l be joined by sympathizers. Thi s wil l give us the pretext for searches and special restrictions which wil l be put in force by our servants among the G O Y police.

As most conspirators wor k as amateurs for the sake of chattering, we wil l not disturb them until we see that they are about to take action; but we wil l introduce in thei r midst

secret service agents. It must be remembered that the prestige of authority diminishes if conspiracies against it are often discovered, for that leads to the presumption of the weakness of the authority, or , what is worse, to the admission of its own mistakes. Yo u are aware that we have destroyed the prestige of the rulin g GOY S by frequent attempts made on thei r lives through our agents, who were but blind sheep of our flock, easily moved, by a few liberal phrases, to crimes, so long as they were of a political nature. *We have forced the rulers to admit their own weakness by adopting open measures of police protection, and thereby we have ruined the prestige of their authority.*

O u r sovereign wil l be protected only by the most invisible guard, because we wil l never allow any one to think that conspiracy might exist against him which he is unable to combat and from which he has to hide himself. If we were to allow this thought to prevail, as it prevails among the GOYS , we would thereby sign the death warrant, if not of the sovereign him self, then of his dynasty in the near future.

Observing strict decorum, our sovereign wil l use his power only for the benefit of the people, but never for his own good or for that of hi s dynasty. By strictly adhering to this decorum, his authority wil l be respected and protected by his subjects; moreover , he wil l be worshiped, because it wil l be know n that upon his authority depends the well-being of every citizen of the kingdom , and the stability of the social order itself.

*To guard the sovereign openly is equivalent to an admission of the weakness of his governmental organization.*

O u r sovereign, when amidst his people, wil l always appear to be surrounded by a crowd of curious men and women, who wil l stand beside hi m as though accidentally and wil l hold back the other people as though through respect for order. Thi s example wil l implant an idea of self-restraint in others. If there be a person in the crowd trying to present a petition, and workin g his way through the ranks , the person nearest to hi m mus t take the petition and present it to the sovereign in sight of the petitioner himself, so that all may know that the petition presented has reached its destination and consequently that there exists a control of affairs on the part of the sovereign himself. Th e prestige of authority demands that the people

should be able to say, "I f only the king could know it, " or , "Th e kin g wil l know about this. "

Wit h the establishment of an official police guard the mystical prestige of authority vanishes at once; with a certain amount of audacity, every one considers himself superior to authority ; the assassin realizes his strength and only has to watch his opportunity to make an attempt against an official. We preached differently for the GOYS , but we can see the results to which open methods of protection have led them.

We wil l arrest criminal s upon the first more or less wellfounded suspicion. Because of the fear of a possible mistake political criminal s should not be given the opportunity to escape; indeed towards political crime we wil l show no mercy. If, in exceptional cases, it may seem possible to allow the in vestigation of motives which have led to ordinar y crimina l offences, there is no excuse for those who attempt to deal with matters which no one can understand except the government. Moreover , not even all governments are capable of under standing the right policy.

#### **PROTOCOL NO . XI X**

T HOUG H we wil l not allow individual s to become involved in politics, we will , on the other hand, encourage the submission for the approval of the government of all petitions and reports containing suggestions and plans for bettering the condition of the people. Thi s wil l bring to our knowledge the shortcomings or merely the fantastic aspirations of our subjects. These suggestions we wil l answer either by favor able action or by refusals proving the lack of intelligence and the error s of those who have submitted such suggestions.

Sedition is nothing but the barking of a lap dog at an elephant. Fro m the point of view of a government which is well organized, not from the police standpoint but with regard to its social basis, the lap dog barks at the elephant because he does not realize his strength. It is only necessary for the elephant to show his strength once and the dog barks no more ; he begins to wa g hi s tail the moment he sees the elephant.

In order to eliminate the prestige of martyrdom from political crime, we wil l seat the political crimina l on the same bench

#### THE PROTOCOLS

with thieves, murderers, and other disgusting and dirty criminals. Then public opinion will regard that class of criminals as quite as disgraceful as any other, and will brand them with equal contempt.

We have endeavored to prevent, and I hope have succeeded in preventing, the GOYS from using such methods of dealing with seditious activities. In order to attain this end, we have made use of the press and public speeches; indirectly, through cleverly compiled historical textbooks, we have given publicity to martyrdom as though revolutionists had undergone it for the sake of human welfare. Such an advertisement has increased the contingent of liberals and forced thousands of GOYS into the herds of our cattle.

#### PROTOCOL NO XX

TO-DAY we shall deal with the financial program, the discussion of which I have postponed until the end of my report because it is the most difficult, conclusive, and decisive point in our plans. In approaching it, I will remind you that I have already intimated that the result of our actions is measured in figures.

When we become rulers, our autocratic government, for the sake of self-defense, will avoid burdening the people with heavy taxes, and it will not forget the rôle it has to play, namely, that of Father and Protector. But as government organization is costly, it is necessary to raise the means for its maintenance. Consequently, we must carefully work out the plan of a fair distribution of taxation.

In our government the sovereign will have the legal fiction of owning everything in his kingdom (which is easily put into practice), and can resort to legal confiscation of all money in order to regulate its circulation throughout the country. Consequently, the best method of taxation is the levying of a progressive tax on property. Taxes will thus be paid without difficulty or ruin in respective proportion to the amount of property owned. The rich must realize that it is their duty to give a part of their surplus wealth for the benefit of the country as a whole, because the government guarantees inviolability of the remaining part of their property and the right of

honest gain. I say *honest* because the control of property wil l prevent legal theft.

Thi s social reform must come from above, for the time is ripe and it is becoming necessary as a guarantee of peace.

T h e tax on the poor is the seed of revolution, and it acts detrimentally to the government, which loses the great in its pursuit of the little. Moreover , the taxation of capital wil l lessen the increase of wealth in private hands, in which at present we have concentrated it as a counterweight to the governmental power of the GOYS , namely, to the state treasury.

Progressive taxation, assessed according to the amount of capital, wil l produce a much greater revenue than the present system of taxing every one at an equal rate, which is useful to us now only as a means of exciting revolt and discontent among the GOYS . Th e power of our sovereign wil l rest mainl y in equilibrium and in guarantees of peace. Fo r these, the capitalists must cede a part of thei r income so as to protect the action of the government machine. Publi c needs must be met by those who can best afford to do so and by those from whom there is something to take.

Such a measure wil l eliminate the hatred of the poor towards the rich, as they wil l be regarded as the financial supporters of the state and the upholders of peace and prosperity. Th e poor wil l also see that the rich are providing the necessary means to insure this end.

To prevent intelligent taxpayers from being too discontented with the new system of taxation, they wil l be furnished with detailed reports of the disbursement of public funds , exclusive of such as are appropriated for the needs of the throne and administrative institutions.

T h e sovereign wil l not ow n property, since everything in the state wil l seem to belong to hi m and these two conceptions would contradict each other. Privat e means woul d eliminate his right to own everything.

T he relatives of the sovereign, aside from his descendants w ho wil l also be supported by the state, must join the ranks of government officials, or otherwise wor k for the right of holding property. Th e privilege of being of royal blood must not entitle them to rob the state treasury.

Sales, profits, or inheritances wil l be taxed by a progressive

stamp tax. The transfer of property, whether in cash or otherwise, without the required stamp, wil l place the payment of the tax on the origina l owner , dating from the time of the transfer until the time of the reported failure to record the transaction. Transfe r vouchers must be shown weekly at the local branch of the state treasury, together with a statement of the names, surnames, and the permanent addresses both of the origina l and of the new owner . The recording of the names of those participating in a transaction wil l be necessary in all transactions involving more than a certain amount for ordinar y expenditure. The sale of prime necessities wil l be taxed only by a stamp tax, which wil l represent a certain small per cent of the cost of the particular article.

Just calculate how many times the amount received from such taxes wil l exceed the income of the GO Y governments.

T he state bank must keep a definite reserve fund, and all sums in excess must be put back into circulation. Th e cost of public works wil l be met out of this surplus fund. Th e initiative of such works emanating from the government wil l also tie the workin g class to the interests of the government and the rulers. Some of this money wil l be allotted to prizes for inventions and for the purposes of production.

Eve n small sums in excess of a certain definite and broadly calculated fund, should not be allowed to be kept in the state treasury, because money is intended to circulate, and every impediment to circulation is detrimental to the governmental mechanism, which the money lubricates ; the congestion of lubricating substances can stop the proper functioning of the mechanism.

T he substitution of bonds for a part of the currency has created just such an impediment. Th e result of this has already become sufficiently evident.

We wil l also establish an auditing office, so as to enable the sovereign to find at all times a full account of state revenues and expenses, except for the current month not yet made up, and that of the previous month not yet presented.

T h e only person who wil l not be interested in robbing the state treasury wil l be the sovereign, its owner . Thi s is the reason why his control wil l prevent the possibility of loss or misappropriation.

Receptions for the purpose of etiquette, which waste the

valuable time of the sovereign, wil l be abolished, because the ruler needs time for control and thought. Then his power wil l not be frittered away on the people surrounding the throne for the sake of appearance and brilliance, and who have only their own and not the public interest in mind.

T he economic crises were created by us for the GOY S only by the withdrawa l of money from circulation. Hug e amounts of capital were kept idle and were taken away from the nations, which were thus compelled to apply to us for loans. Payment of interest on these loans burdened the state finances and made the states subservient to capital. The concentration of industry having taken production out of the hands of the artisan and put it into the hands of capitalists, sucked all the power out of the people and also out of the state.

T he present issue of money generally does not coincide with the need per capita, and consequently it cannot satisfy all the needs of the workin g classes. The issue of currency must correspond with the increase in population, and children must be reckoned as consumers from the day of thei r birth. The revision of the issue of currency is an essential problem for the whole world.

Y o u know that gold currency was detrimental to the governments that accepted it, for it could not satisfy the requirements for money, since we took as much gold as possible out of circulation.

We must issue a currency based on the value of the workin g power , whether it be of paper or wood. We wil l issue money in proportion to the norma l demands of every subject, adding a certain amount at every birth and decreasing it with every death.

Ever y department (the French administrative divisions), 1 every district, wil l be in charge of its ow n accounts.

To avoid any delay in paying government expenses, the terms of such payments wil l be decreed by order of the sovereign; this wil l eliminate any favoritism of the ministr y (of finance) 2 over any other department to the detriment of the others.

T h e budget of revenues and the budget of expenditure wil l be placed side by side, in order that they may always be compared with each other.

- The words in parentheses would seem to be a comment of Nilus's .
- The words in parentheses are inserted by the editors.

We wil l present plans for the reform of the GO Y financial institutions and of thei r principles, as planned by us, in such a manner that nobody wil l be frightened. We wil l demonstrate the need of reform by the disorderly twaddle produced by the financial disorganization of the GOYS . We wil l show that the first reason for this confusion lies in the drafting of rough estimates for the budget, which increases from year to year. Thi s annual budget is with great difficulty made to last durin g the first half of the year ; then a revised budget is demanded and the funds thus allotted are spent in the next three months, after which a supplementary budget is called for and all this is wound up by a liquidation budget. As the budget of the following year is based on the total expenditure of the preceding year, the divergence from the normal reaches fifty per cent annually, so that the annual budget trebles every ten years. Owin g to such a procedure, resulting from the carelessness of the Goy governments , thei r treasuries became empty. The period of loans followed and used up the remainder and brought all the GO Y states to bankruptcy.

Y o u can well understand that such a management of financial affairs as we induced the GOY S to pursue cannot be adopted by us.

Ever y loan proves the impotency of the government and its failure to understand its ow n rights. Loans , like the sword of Damocles , hang above the heads of the rulers , who instead of placing temporary taxes on their subjects, stretch forth their hands and beg the charity of our bankers. Foreig n loans are leeches, which can never be removed from the governmental body until they either fall off themselves or the government itself manages to get rid of them. Bu t the GO Y governments instead of throwin g them off increase thei r number , so that these government s must inevitably perish through self-inflicted loss of blood.

Indeed, what is a loan, especially a foreign loan, if not a leech? A loan is the issuance of government obligations which involve the liability to pay interest in proportion to the s um borrowed. If the loan pays five per cent, then in twenty years the government has unnecessarily paid in interest an amount equal to the principa l sum borrowed. In forty years it has paid twice ; in sixty years it has trebled the sum, while the loan still remains an unpaid debt.

Fro m this calculation it is evident that under the system of universal taxation the government takes the last penny from the poor taxpayers in the form of taxes in order to pay interest to foreign capitalists, from whom the money was borrowed, instead of collecting these same pennies for its needs free from all interest.

So long as the loans were domestic, the Goy s only shifted the money from the pockets of the poor into those of the rich ; but when we bribed the proper persons to make the loans foreign, then national riches poured into our hands and all the GOY S began to pay us the tribute of subjects.

T he carelessness of the reigning GOY S in statemanship, the corruption of thei r ministers, the ignorance of other officials of financial problems, has forced their countries into debt to o ur banks to such an extent that they can never pay off their debts. It should be realized, however, that we have gone to great pains in order to brin g about such a state of affairs.

Impediments to the circulation of money wil l not be allowed by us, and therefore there wil l be no government bonds, except one per cent bonds, so that the payment of interest should not deliver the power of the state to the sucking of leeches. Th e right of issuing bonds wil l be exclusively granted to industrial corporations, which wil l easily pay the interest out of thei r profits. Th e government, however , does not derive profit on borrowed money as these corporations do, since the state borrows money for expenditure and not for production.

Industrial bonds wil l also be bought by the government, which instead of being, as at present, the payer of tribute on loans, wil l become a sound creditor. Such a measure wil l prevent stagnation in the circulation of money, as well as indolence and laziness, which were useful to us so long as the Goy s remained independent, but are not wanted by us in our government.

H o w apparent is the shortsightedness of the purely bestial brains of the GOYS ! It manifested itself when they borrowed money for at interest. It did not occur to the GOY S that, at any rate, this money, with the additional interest on it, would have to be taken from the resources of the country and paid to us. Woul d it not have been more simple to take the needed money from thei r own people?

#### THE PROTOCOLS

I direct your express attention to the above circumstance, as also to the following: At present all domestic loans are consolidated into so-called floating debts; in other words, into those whose terms of payment are more or less close at hand. Such debts consist of money placed in savings banks. Being at the disposal of the government, for a considerable length of time, these funds vanish in the payment of interest on foreign loans, and they are replaced by an equal amount of government securities. The latter cover all the deficits in the government treasuries of the Goys.

When we mount the throne of the universe, such financial expedients, being detrimental to our interests, will vanish. We will also destroy all stock exchanges, for we will not allow the prestige of our authority to be shaken by the shifting of the prices of our securities. We will fix the full price of their value legally without any possibility of its fluctuation. (A rise leads to a fall, and this was precisely what we did to the GOY stocks and bonds at the beginning.)

We will replace the stock exchanges by great government credit institutions, whose functions will be to tax commercial values according to governmental plans. These institutions will be in a position to throw daily on the market 500,000,000 shares of industrial stocks, or to buy up a like amount. Thus all industrial enterprises will become dependent upon us. You can well imagine what power that will give us.

#### PROTOCOL NO. XXII

In all that I have hitherto reported to you I have carefully tried to show you a true picture of the mystery of present events, as also of those of the past, which all flow into the stream of great events, the results of which will be seen in the near future. I have exposed our secret plans which govern our relations with the GOYS, as well as our financial policy. There remains but little to add.

We hold in our hands the greatest modern power — gold. In the course of two days we can get it from our treasuries in any desired quantity.

Is there any more need for us to prove that our rule is decreed by God? Do we not prove by such wealth that all the

doubled, trebled, and even more, loaning the GO Y government s money which in reality was not needed by the states at all. W h o could do the same with regard to us? Therefore, I wil l only set forth details in regard to domestic loans.

In announcing such a loan, the governments open a subscription to thei r bonds. To make them accessible to all , they var y the denomination from one hundred to thousands, and the first subscribers are allowed to buy below face value. Th e following day the price is artificially raised on the pretext that everybody hurried to buy the bonds. In a few more days there is a pretense that the treasury is filled and that it is not know n what to do wit h the money, which has been oversubscribed. (Wha t was the use of taking it? ) Th e subscription is evidently considerably in excess of the amount asked for . Therein lies the effect, for it is thus demonstrated that the publi c has confidence in the government obligations.

B u t after the comedy has been played the fact of the debt appears, and it is usually a heavy one. In order to pay the interest, new loans have to be issued, which do not liquidate but increase the origina l debt. Then when the borrowing capacity of the government has been exhausted, it becomes necessary to meet the interest on the loan — not the loan itself — by new taxes. These taxes are nothing but a debit used to cover a debit.

The n comes the period of conversions, but these only decrease the payment of interest whil e they do not annul the debts. Moreover , they cannot be made without the consent of the bondholders. Whe n a conversion is advertised, an offer is made to return the money to those who are not willin g to convert thei r bonds. If everybody were to demand his money, the government woul d be caught in its own net and woul d be unable to return all the money. Fortunately, the GO Y subjects, ignorant of financial affairs, always preferred to suffer a fall in the value of thei r securities and a reduction of interest to the risk of new investments ; thus, they have given these governments more than one opportunity of throwin g off a deficit of several millions . At present, with the existence of foreign loans, the GOY S cannot play such tricks , fo r they know that we woul d demand all the money back.

Thus , an avowed bankruptcy wil l be the best proof of the lack of common interest between the people and thei r government.

#### THE PROTOCOLS

I direct your express attention to the above circumstance, as also to the following: At present all domestic loans are consolidated into so-called floating debts; in other words, into those whose terms of payment are more or less close at hand. Such debts consist of money placed in savings banks. Being at the disposal of the government, for a considerable length of time, these funds vanish in the payment of interest on foreign loans, and they are replaced by an equal amount of government securities. The latter cover all the deficits in the government treasuries of the Goys.

When we mount the throne of the universe, such financial expedients, being detrimental to our interests, will vanish. We will also destroy all stock exchanges, for we will not allow the prestige of our authority to be shaken by the shifting of the prices of our securities. We will fix the full price of their value legally without any possibility of its fluctuation. (A rise leads to a fall, and this was precisely what we did to the GOY stocks and bonds at the beginning.)

We will replace the stock exchanges by great government credit institutions, whose functions will be to tax commercial values according to governmental plans. These institutions will be in a position to throw daily on the market 500,000,000 shares of industrial stocks, or to buy up a like amount. Thus all industrial enterprises will become dependent upon us. You can well imagine what power that will give us.

#### PROTOCOL NO. XXII

In all that I have hitherto reported to you I have carefully tried to show you a true picture of the mystery of present events, as also of those of the past, which all flow into the stream of great events, the results of which will be seen in the near future. I have exposed our secret plans which govern our relations with the GOYS, as well as our financial policy. There remains but little to add.

We hold in our hands the greatest modern power — gold. In the course of two days we can get it from our treasuries in any desired quantity.

Is there any more need for us to prove that our rule is decreed by God? Do we not prove by such wealth that all the

#### THE PROTOCOLS

evil which we were forced to do during so many centuries has served in the end to true happiness—to the restoration of order? Although by means of violence, order will nevertheless be established. We will be able to prove that we are benefactors, who have brought true welfare and individual freedom to the tortured world, insuring at the same time the possibility of enjoying peace, quiet, and dignity of relationships, upon the sole condition, of course, that obedience to the laws established by us is practiced. We will also make it clear that freedom does not mean license and in doing whatever people please, no more than dignity and power imply the right to propound destructive doctrines, like freedom of conscience, equality, and similar things. Individual freedom by no means imports the right of disturbing oneself and others, disgracing oneself by making ridiculous speeches in disorderly gatherings, and implies that true liberty means individual inviolability through an honest and strict obedience to social laws; that moreover, human dignity implies the conception of one's rights as well as the idea of legal inhibitions which prohibit fantastic dreams about the Eao.

Our power will be glorious because it will be mighty; it will rule and guide, and not helplessly crawl after leaders and orators, shouting insane words which they call great principles, and which in reality are simply Utopian. Our power will lead to order, which, in turn, brings happiness to the people. The prestige of this power will excite mystical adoration, and the peoples will bow before it. True power does not yield to any right, even be it that of God. None will dare approach it in order to deprive it even of an atom of its might.

#### PROTOCOL NO. XXIII

O teach the people obedience they must be taught modesty, and to accomplish this the production of luxuries must be limited. We will thus improve customs, demoralized by rivalry, resulting from luxury.

We will restore handicraft, which will undermine the private capital of manufacturers. This is necessary, because big manufacturers often influence, although not always consciously, the thoughts of the people against the government.

A people, practicing handicraft, does not know what unemployment means, and this makes them cling to existing conditions and consequently to the power of authority. Un employment is most dangerous for a government. It wil l have finished its wor k for us as soon as authority falls into our hands.

Drunkennes s wil l also be forbidden by law and wil l be punishable as a crime against human decency, for man becomes bestial under the influence of alcohol.

Once more I state, that people obey blindly only the hand that is strong and entirely independent of them, in which they see a sword of defense and a stronghold against the blows of social misfortune. Wh y should the sovereign have an angel's heart? The y want to see in hi m the personification of might and power.

T he sovereign who wil l replace the present existing governments, dragging along their existence in the mids t of a society demoralized by us, which denies even the power of Go d and from whose midst rises on all sides the flames of anarchy, must primaril y undertake to extinguish this all-consuming fire. Therefore, he must destroy such a society, if necessary drow n it in its own blood, in order to resurrect it as a well-organized army , which consciously struggles against the infection of any anarchy affecting the state organism.

H e , God' s elect, is chosen from above for the purpose of crushing the insane forces that are moved by instinct and not by intellect, by bestiality and not by humanitarianism. These forces are now triumphant, and assume the form of robberies and all kinds of violence exercised in the name of liberty and of right. The y have destroyed all social order, so as to establish the throne of the Kin g of Israel; but thei r rôle wil l be ended with his coming into power . Then it wil l be necessary **to** sweep them from his path, on which not a twi g or an im pediment shall remain.

The n we wil l say to the peoples: Pra y to Go d and bow before hi m who bears the mark of predestination, to who m G o d Himself showed Hi s Star , so that none but He Himsel f should free you from all sinful forces and from evil.

#### **PROTOCOL NO . XXI V**

NOW I shall refer to the manne r in which we wil l strengthen the dynastic roots of Kin g Davi d so as to cause this dynasty to endure until the last day. Thi s method wil l consist chiefly of the same principles which enabled our Wis e Me n to conserve thei r power to cope with universal problems and to guide the education of the thoughts of humanity at large.

A few members of the seed of Davi d wil l train the sovereigns a nd thei r successors, who wil l be selected not by right of inheritance, but according to thei r personal ability. To them the deep political mysteries and the plan of our rule wil l be confided, but in such a wise manner that nobody wil l know these secrets. The aim of this method is to prove to all that power wil l not be given to the uninitiated in the mysteries of political art.

Onl y such people wil l be taught how to apply the above mentioned plans in practice, by comparing them with the experiences of many centuries, and only they wil l be initiated in the conclusions drawn from all the observations of political, economic , and social movements and sciences; in short, only they wil l know the true spirit of the laws, irrevocably established by nature for the purpose of regulating human relationship.

Direc t descendants of the sovereign wil l often be prevented fro m inheriting the throne if, during the period of thei r study, they show signs of frivolity , lenience, or other tendencies detrimental to authority, which would make them incapable of government and dangerous to the prestige of the Crown .

Onl y those of an undoubtedly able and firm, even cruel character, wil l receive the reins of government from our Wis e Men .

In case of illness, loss of will-power , or any other form of inefficiency, the sovereigns wil l be compelled to hand over the reins of government to new and able hands.

T he sovereign's immediate plan of action and its application in the future wil l be unknown even to the so-called closest advisers.

Onl y the sovereign and hi s three sponsors wil l know the future.

In the person of the sovereign, with his immovable wil l over

himself and humanity , all wil l recognize Fat e itself with her mysterious paths. Nobod y wil l kno w the aims of the sovereign when he issues his orders, and thus nobody wil l dare oppose him .

Naturall y the mental capacity of the sovereign must be equal to the plan of rule herein contained. Fo r this reason he wil l not mount the throne before a test of hi s min d is made by the above mentioned Wis e Men .

To make people kno w and love thei r sovereign, it is necessary that he should address the people in publi c places, thus establishing harmony between the two forces, now separated from each other by mutua l terror . Thi s terror was necessary for us until the time came to make both forces fall under our influence.

T he Kin g of Israel must not be influenced by his passions, especially by sensuality. No particular element of his nature must have the upper hand and rule over his mind. Sensuality, more than anything else, upsets mental ability and clearness of vision by deflecting thought to the worst and most bestial side of human nature.

T h e Pilla r of the Univers e in the person of the Worl d Ruler , sprung from the sacred seed of David , must sacrifice all personal desires for the benefit of his people.

O u r sovereign mus t be irreproachable.

#### Part Two

#### EVIDENCE AS TO ORIGIN AND AUTHENTICITY

I. PARALLELISM BETWEEN THE ACTUAL
POLICIES OF THE BOLSHEVIKI AND

THE most striking fact in connection with the Protocols is the close resemblance which their ruthless program bears in many respects to the policies actually put into effect by the Bolsheviki in Russia. Indeed, without this fact before us, the necessity for a serious consideration of the Protocols would be much less apparent. If the evidence shows that the Bolshevist movement is a movement conducted under Jewish leadership and principally controlled by Jews, and, furthermore, that it closely corresponds with the political program outlined in the Protocols, then, indeed, we have facts of grave significance supporting the authenticity of the Protocols.

# JEWISH CHARACTER OF THE BOLSHEVIST MOVEMENT IN RUSSIA

With regard to the question as to how far the Bolshevist movement is a Jewish movement in the sense that it is under Jewish control, there is some disagreement. Certain prominent Jews in this country, while admitting that most of the Bolshevist leaders in Russia are Jews, claim that this is a mere coincidence, and claim further that the Bolshevist leaders are only apostate Jews who do not adhere to the Jewish religion. The evidence, however, is not very convincing on either point, for on the one hand the proportion of Jews among the Bolshevist leaders in Russia is so large that it

The Jewish sayings cited in this volume show that some of the great Jewish leaders maintain that the apostasy of a Jew in the matter of religion does not prevent him from remaining for all other purposes a Jew, or release him from his obligations as such.

strongly tends to show that it is not accidental but must be otherwise explained, while on the other hand, as to the allegation of apostasy, this seems to be principally based upon evidence that the Jewish leaders in Russi a are denouncing religion *in general* on the ground that it is the bulwark of the capitalistic system and the enemy of the Socialistic State, in accordance with the teachings of Kar l Mar x and his followers. Such evidence, however , does not prove very much if in practice only the Christian church is actually attacked.

It i s important to note in this connection that Kar l Mar x himself was a Jew, as are also practically all of the best known leaders of radical socialism, such as Bebel, Bernstein, Lassalle, Hillquit, the brothers Adle r (in Austria), etc. The legend now prominently displayed by the Bolshevik i in Russia , that "religio n is the opium of the people," was the saying of Kar l Mar x himself, while it was Bebel who said: "Chris tianity and Socialism stand towards each other as fire and water. "

Moreover , there is evidence that there has been a marked persecution of *Christian* priests and their congregations by the Bolsheviki, and that the Jewish rabbis have not been molested. Generally speaking, we believe that the preponder ance of evidence strongly tends to show that Bolshevism is Jewish in character in the sense that it is under the control principally of Jews who occupy, either openly or secretly, almost all of the positions of importance in the Soviet government in Russia . Thi s was equally true in regard to the recent Spartacan and Bolshevis t revolutions in Germany and Hun gary. The one important exception i s Leni n himself, Trotzk y and almost all the other important Bolshevis t leaders to-day being members of the Jewish race.

Evidenc e that the Bolshevik i in Russi a have conducted a campaign of persecution against the Christian religion, whil e protecting the Jewish religion, wil l be considered below under the heading, "Th e Destruction of Religion and Christianity. " F o r the present we shall confine ourselves to other evidence which tends to show that the Bolshevik movement in Russi a is under Jewish leadership and may be regarded as primaril y a Jewish movement.

#### *(a) Testimony before the Overman Committee*

T h e testimony of a number of reliable witnesses before the Overma n Committee is to the effect that from the very beginnin g the leadership of the Bolshevist revolution in Russi a has been principally Jewish and that the movement had powerful support from Jews returning to Russi a in the spring of 1917.

Thi s testimony was taken early in the year 1919 and is contained in the printed Senate Repor t (a public document) entitled, "Bolshevi k Propaganda — Hearing s before a Subcommittee of the Committee on the Judiciary , Unite d States Senate, Sixty-fifth Congress, pursuant to S. Res. 439 and 469. "

Amon g the witnesses who testified as to the Jewish character of the Bolshevis t movement before the Senate Com mittee was Dr . George A. Simons , a Methodis t clergyman who had been for many years in charge of a church and other property belonging to the American Methodist s in Petrograd. He was there durin g the Kerensky régime and durin g the Bolshevist régime until October 6, 1918.

D r . Simons testified that "a t the beginning of the so-called new régime \[Kerensky's \] there was a disposition to glorif y the Allie s and to make a great deal of what the French Revolution had stood for ; within from six to eight weeks there was an undercurrent just the opposite, and things began to loom up in a pro-German way. "

He then told of the arriva l of Leni n from Switzerland *via* Germany , and of Bronstein *(alias* Trotzky ) from Ne w York , and how they conducted a vigorous agitation in Russi a while Kerensk y was "runnin g up and down the front. " He then goes on to testify as follows :

M R . SIMONS . "Kerensk y was spending a good deal of his time running up and down the front, trying to hearten the Russian soldiers in thei r warfare, and he was generally accredited with being a fine orator and doing splendid work , and I do not doubt but what he did manage to keep the men longer than they otherwise would have stayed in , but we were told there were hundreds of agitators who had followed in the trail of Trotzky-Bronstein, these men having come over fro m the

"Bolshevi k Propaganda. Hearing s before a Subcommittee on the Judiciary , Unite d States Senate, Sixty-fifth Congress, " p. 111.

lower East Side of Ne w York . I was surprised to find scores of such men walkin g up and down Nevsky . Some of them, when they learned that I was the America n pastor in Petrograd, stepped up to me and seemed very much pleased that there was somebody who could speak English , and thei r broken Englis h showed that they had not qualified as being real Amer icans ; and a number of these men called on me, and a number of us were impressed with the strange Yiddis h element in this thing right from the start, and it soon became evident that more than half of the agitators in the so-called Bolshevik movement were Yiddish. "

SENATO R NELSON . "Hebrews? "

M R . SIMONS . "The y were Hebrews , apostate Jews . I do not want to say anything against the Jews , as such. I am not in sympathy with the anti-Semiti c movement, never have been, and do not ever expect to be. I am against it. I abhor all pogroms of whatever kind . But I have a firm conviction that this thing is Yiddish , and that one of its bases is found in the Eas t Side of Ne w York. "

SENATO R NELSON . "Trotzk y came over from Ne w Yor k during that summer , did he not? "

M R . SIMONS . "H e did. "

SENATO R OVERMAN . "Yo u think he brought these people with him? "

M R . SIMONS . " I am not able to say that he brought them with him. I think that most of them came after him , but that he was responsible for thei r coming. "

M R . SIMON S further states (Senate Report, p. 114):

"Th e latest startling information, given me by some one who says that there is good authority for it — and I am to be given the exact figures later on and have them checked up properly by the proper authorities — is this, that in December , 1918, in the northern communit y of Petrograd, so-called that is what they call that section of the Soviet régime under the presidency of the man known as Mr . Apfelbau m — out of 388 members, only 16 happened to be real Russians , and all the rest Jews , with the exception possibly of one man, who is a negro from America , who calls himself Prof. Gordon, and 265 of the members of this northern commune government, that is sitting in the old Smolny Institute, came from the lower Eas t Side of Ne w Yor k — 265 of them. .. . In fact, I am very much impressed with this, that movin g around here I find that certain Bolshevik i propagandists are nearly all Jews — apostate Jews . I have been in the so-called People's House , at 7 Eas t Fifteenth Street, Ne w York , which calls itself also the Ran d School of Social Science, and I have visited that at least six times durin g the last eleven weeks or so, buying thei r

literature, and some of the most seditious stuff I have ever found against our ow n Government, and 19 out of every 20 people I have seen there have been Jews. "

On the same page, referring to a pamphlet written by one Alber t Rhy s Williams , Dr . Simons states:

" I have analyzed certain questions and answers, especially with regard to this paragraph on religion, and I have no doubt in my min d that the predominant element in this Bolsheviki movement in Americ a is, you may call it, the Yiddis h of the Eas t Side. "

On page 116 the witness further states:

" I was impressed with this, Senator, that shortly after the great revolution of the winter of 1917 there were scores of Jews standing on the benches and soap boxes, and what not, talking until thei r mouths frothed, and I often remarked to my sister, 'Well , what are we coming to, anyway ? Thi s all looks so Yiddish. ' Up to that time we had very few Jews , because there was, as you may know, a restriction against having Jews in Petrograd ; but after the revolution they swarmed in there, and most of the agitators happened to be Jews . I do not want to be unfai r to them, but I usually know a Jew when I see one. "

In a subsequent part of his testimony, he says :

" I had occasion to speak with people who were workin g and people who were not bourgeois, I interviewed hundreds , and I asked them, 'Well , what do you think of this thing? ' 'Well , we know that it is first of all German, and second, we know that it is Jewish. It is not a Russian proposition at all.' Tha t became so popular that as you moved through the streets in Petrograd in Jul y and Augus t and September and the beginnin g of October , openly they would tell you this, 'Thi s is not a Russian Government; this a German and Hebre w Government.' An d then others would come out and say, 'An d very soon there is going to be a bi g pogrom.' As a result of that, *hundreds of Bolshevik officials who happened to be Jews* were sending their wives and thei r children out of Petrograd and Moscow, afraid that the pogrom would really come. " (p. 132).

On page 142 of his testimony Dr . Simons introduced a list of names, which he said was widely circulated in Petrograd in August, 1917, givin g the real names and the Jewish names of the most important Bolshevist leaders. Thi s list is as follows :

|  |  |  |  | Real name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|  | " 1. Chernoff |  |  | Vo n Gutmann |
|  | 2. Trotzk y |  |  | Bronstein |
|  | 3. Martoff |  |  | Zederbaum |
|  | 4. Kamkoff |  |  | Kat z |
|  | 5. Meshkoff |  |  | Goldenberg |
|  | 6. Zagorsky |  |  | Krochma l |
| 7. | Suchanoff |  |  | Gimme r |
|  | 8. Da n |  |  | Gurvitch |
| 9. | Parvus s |  |  | Geldfand |
| 1 0 | . Krade k |  |  | Sabelson |
| 1 1 | Zinovyeff |  |  | Apfelbau m |
| 12. | Stekloff |  |  | Nachamkes |
| 13. | Lari n |  |  | Lury e |
| 14. | Ryazanoff |  |  | Goldenbach |
| 15. | Bogdanoff |  |  | Josse |
| 16. | Goryeff |  |  | Goldmann |
| 17. | Zwezdin |  |  | Wanstein |
| 18. | Liebe r |  |  | Goldmann |
| 19. | Ganezky |  |  | Fürstenberg |
|  | 20. Rosha l |  |  | Solomon " |

D r . Simons also testified that when the Bolshevik i came into power the Yiddis h language at once became predominant in official proclamations and posters. He says:

" I might mention this , that when the Bolshevik i came into power, all over Petrograd we at once had a predominance of Yiddis h proclamations, bi g posters, and everything in Yiddish . It became very evident that now that was to be one of the great languages of Russia ; and the real Russians , of course, did not take very kindl y to it. "

On page 135 Dr . Simons states:

"Trotzk y is a Jew. Hi s real name is Leo n Bronstein. "

#### *Testimony of Mr. William Chapin Huntington*

M r . Huntingto n was Commercia l Attache of the Unite d States Embass y at Petrograd from June, 1916, until September, 1918. He was in Petrograd at the outbreak of the Bolshevis t *coup d'état* in November , 1917, and remained there until February, 1918, when he was sent on a mission to Siberi a by

Ambassador Francis , in his testimony before the Overman Com mittee, stated that Dr . George A. Simons is an absolutely reliable and trustworthy man (p. 977), and that the same i s true of Mr . Roge r E. Simmons , whose testimony is cited below.

Ambassador Francis . Whe n he returned to Russi a he remained in Mosco w from May , 1918, until Augus t 26, 1918. He states on page 47 :

"Th e Bolsheviks are internationalists, and they were not in terested in the particular national ideals of Russia. "

On page 69 he testified:

"Th e leaders of the movement, I should say, are about twothirds Russian Jews and perhaps one-sixth or more of some of the other nationalities, like the Letts, or the Armenians. "

*Testimony of Mr. William W. Welsh*

M r . Wels h was employed by the Nationa l City Ban k and was in Russi a from October , 1916, until September, 1918. He states on page 269:

*"In Russia it is well known that three-fourths of the Bolshevik leaders are Jewish."*

In regard to the men who went to Russi a from the Eas t Side of Ne w York , at the outbreak of the revolution, he stated:

"Ther e were some — not many, but there were some — real Russians ; and what I mean by real Russians is Russian-born, and not Russian Jews. "

T h e witness also stated that he knew "severa l cases " in which well-to-do Jews had been persecuted in the same way as other Russian bourgeois. On page 270 he states:

"Bolshevis m cannot be explained along racial lines alone. T h e Bolsheviks are made up of the very wors t elements of many races. It is important, however, that Jews in this country should not favor Bolshevism because of any liberties or privileges which they may think are being accorded to the Jews in Russi a by the Bolsheviks . The y should study the facts carefully and not be prejudiced by any racial feeling, or they are sure to brin g the odium of Bolshevism unjustly to the door of the Jew. The best Jews in this country would do well to brand the Jewish Bolsheviks in Russi a as anti-Jews , which they really are, for they bring nothing but discredit to the Jewish race."

#### *Testimony of Roger E. Simmons*

M r . Simmons was Trade Commissioner , connected wit h the Unite d States Department of Commerce, who was in Siberi a and Russi a from July , 1917, until November , 1918. He was in Vologd a in July , 1918, and gives a graphi c account of his imprisonment there by the assistant of the commissar of that community , a man named Iduke. He says:

"Iduk e is a Lettish Jew, a man of a very irascible nature, and, on account of his experience in the uprising in Yaroslav , where the protest against the Bolshevik régime had become formidable, he had the reputation of being the cruelest and the most bloodthirsty Bolshevik leader of the revolution. "

M r . Simmons then narrates how he himself escaped execution only because he succeeded in bribing a Lettish soldier who had been in Americ a to deliver a letter to the Swedish Consul General. An Englis h subject who was imprisoned with him in the same cell was actually executed. Shortl y before his death this Englishman said to Simmons :

"I do not like the situation. I don't understand these people. The y are not Russians . I don't know why they accuse me, nor what they are goin g to do with me. "

#### *Testimony of an Anonymous Witness*

Anothe r witness, who was allowed to withhold his name, testified before the Senate Committee that he left Petrograd Novembe r 6, 1917, the night the Bolshevis t uprising took place. Hi s testimony on page 321 of the Senate Repor t is as follows :

"Wit h regard to the industrial conditions before the Bolsheviki rising started, with the revolution of March , 1917, we found that there were quite a number of so-called Americans who had returned to Russi a almost immediately after the revolution, commencing, probably, to arrive in Apri l of 1917."

SENATO R NELSON . "Wha t sort of people were they? The y were people who had been here, were they not? "

M R. . "Peopl e who had been in this country. " SENATO R NELSON . "Wer e they Hebrews? "

M R . . "A large number o f them were — that i s He brew by race, non-Slavs — and we were continually meeting

"Bolshevi k Propaganda, " p. 310.

these men on all sorts of labor conditions, (committees?) to regulate the hours of labor and the rates of remuneration, and quite a number of them spoke English. "

#### *Testimony of Theodor Kryshtofovich*

Thi s witness testified that he left Petrograd on December 15, 1918, and that he had been there continuously for the three years previous to that date; that he belonged to no political party in Russia, but had lived among the peasants and work men, teaching them agriculture. He at one time had been employed by the Russian Department of Agriculture , as an agent, in the Unite d States.

On page 424 he testified in regard to the Jewish aspect of the movement as follows :

"And , besides these refugees, most of the people that are governing Russi a now are Jews . I am not against Jews in general. The y are a very capable and energetic people, but, as you Americans say, the right man must be in the right place. Thei r place is in the commission houses, in banks, in the offices, but not in the government of a fine agricultural country. The y do not understand anything about agriculture, about production, about keeping materials, and about distribution. The y do not know anything about those things at all. "

SENATO R WOLCOTT . "Yo u mean those that are in charge of the Bolsheviki, do you not? "

M R . KRYSHTOFOVICH . " I am talking about the Bolsheviki; because if you take out Bolshevik government, Lenine is a Russian and all these constellations that are turning around this sun are Jews . The y have changed thei r names. Fo r instance, Trotzk y i s not Trotzky , but Bronstein. We have Apfelbaum, and so on, and so on. "

#### *(b) Other Evidence*

It is important that other official documents pertaining to the Bolshevis t activities in Russi a also refer to the question which we are now discussing, namely, the Jewish character of the Bolshevist régime. In this connection we quote from the Britis h Whit e Book , Russi a No . 1 (1919), entitled "A Collection of Report s on Bolshevism in Russia , presented to Parliament by Comman d of Hi s Majesty. April , 1919."

Thi s document was published in Londo n at the government printing office in 1919. In exhibit No . 33, a cablegram dis-

patched by Mr . Alsto n to Ear l Curzon, from Vladivosto k to London , Februar y 8, 1919 ("telegraphi c — following from consul at Ekaterinburg , 6th February"), the following i s stated:

"Fro m examination of several labourer and peasant witnesses, I have evidence to the effect that very smallest percentage of this district were pro-Bolshevik, majority of labour ers sympathising with summoning of Constituent Assembly . Witnesses further stated that Bolshevik leaders did not represent Russian workin g classes, most of them being Jews " (Page 33).

In a cable dispatch from General Kno x to the Britis h Wa r Office on Februar y 5, 1919, from Omsk , Siberia, details are given as to the murde r of the Imperial Russian family. Thi s cable reads in part as follows :

"Wit h regard to the murde r of the Imperial famil y at Ekaterinburg, there is further evidence to show that there were two parties in the local Soviet, one which was anxious to save Im perial family, and the latter, headed by five Jews , two of whom were determined to have them murdered. These two Jews , by name Vaine n and Safarof, went with Lenine when he made a journey across Germany " (page 41).

Again , in a report made by Rev . B. S. Lombar d to Ear l Curzon on Marc h 23, 1919, referring to the results of the Bolshevist régime in Russia , among other things, the followi ng is stated:

"Al l business became paralyzed, shops were closed, Jews became possessors of most of the business houses, and horrible scenes of starvation became common in the country districts. T he peasants put thei r children to death rather than see them starve. In a village on the Dvina , not far fro m Schlusselburg, a mother hanged three of her children " (page 57).

M r . Henr y C. Emery , formerly Chairman o f the Unite d States Tariff Board , recently wrote a treatise on Bolshevism, of which Lor d Bryc e has said:

"It seems to me the sanest and clearest exposition of Bolshevist theory and practice that I have seen and confirms my view that between them and us there can be no peace."

M r . Emer y comes to the conclusion that Bolshevism i s the promotion of a relentless and universal class war , and that "a Bolshevik i s a ma n who believes in the overthrow of the

institution of private property by force of arms. " Whil e this is the definition which he gives of Bolshevism as a movement, and his argument in support of it is certainly a very able one, it is interesting to note what he says in regard to the Jewish support of the movement:

" I n the minds of some people, especially in Russia , Bolshevi sm takes on the color of a revolt of the Jews against the Rus sians, who have so long kept them in subjection. Leni n is of course a pure Russian, and it is a mistake to say that all the other leaders of importance are Jews . On the other hand, the Jews have been active in the movement out of all proportion to thei r relative numbers. No one who ever made a visit to Smolny Institute, when that was the headquarters of the Bolshevik government at Petrograd, could fail to understand how easy it was to get the impression that the Jews had at last seized the power. "

M r . Rober t Wilton , a well-known Englishman, who was the Petrograd correspondent of the Londo n *Times,* and a Knigh t of St. George, in his book entitled "Russia' s Agony, " refers to the part which the Jews played in undermining the Keren sky government and establishing the Bolshevis t rule :

"Subversio n had been carried out by a handful of pseudo-J ew Extremist s in the Soviet, but the Soviet was a party to the traitorous business. Mos t of the leaders — especially the pseudo-Jews — were a truculent pack, cowering behind the soldiery, intent upon realizing thei r revolutionary 'ideals,' but terrified by a possibility of failure and eventual reprisals. "

T he author also states:

"Afterward s thei r numbers \[referring to the Jew Extremist s in the Soviet\] increased largely, and although they studiously concealed thei r identity under assumed Russian or Polish names, it became known that the principal ones were : Naham kez — Steklov, Apfelbau m — Zinoviev, Rosenfeldt — Kame nev, Goldmann—Gorev , Goldberg—Mekowski , Zederbaum — Martov , Himme r — Sukhanov , Krachma n — Zagorski, Hol lander — Mieshkowski , Lourier—Larim , Seffer—Bogdanov . Amon g the leaders of this gang — under Leni n — were : Trotzky , whose real name was Bronstein, and Feldmann, alias Chernov. "

In the well-known French periodical *L'Illustration,* issued September 14, 1918, an article appeared under the title "Petro -

"Russia's Agony, " pp. 137, 138, published by Edwar d Arnold , London, 1918.

grad under the Commune, " from which we reproduce the following extract:

"Th e Master s o f the Hour .

*"The Bolshevist Movement and the Jews of Russia.*

"Whe n one lives in contact with the functionaries who are serving the Bolshevis t government, one feature strikes the attention, which is that almost all of them are Jews .

"I am not at all anti-Semiti c but I must state what strikes the eyes: everywhere in Petrograd, in Moscow, in Provincia l Districts , in all commissariats, in district offices, in Smolny , in the former ministries , in the Soviets, I have met nothing but Jews and again Jews .

"A Jew i s this Distric t Commissary , forme r stock broker , with a double bourgeois chin. A Jew is this commissary of the bank, very elegant, with a cravat of the latest style, and a fancy waistcoat. Agai n a Jew, this inspector of taxes, with his hooked nose: he understands perfectly how to squeeze the bourgeois in order to cover the deficit in the Bolshevist budget which amounts for the first half year, 1918, to 14,000,000,000 rubles ! Jewish are these little stenographers, these secretaries : the same hooked noses, the same jet black hair .

"Th e more one studies the second revolution the more one is convinced that Bolshevism is a Jewish movement which can be explained by the special conditions in which the Jewish people were placed in Russia. "

In the Londo n *Times* of Marc h 29, 1919, the following article appeared, entitled "Bolshevis t Portrait s III. Some Commissaries" :

"On e of the most curious features of the Bolshevis t movement is the high percentage of non-Russian elements amongst its leaders. Of the twenty or thirty commissaries or leaders who provide the central machinery of the Bolshevis t movement not less than 75 % are Jews. . . .

" I f Leni n is the brains of the movement, the Jews provide the executive officers. Of the leading commissaries, Trotzky , Zinoviev, Kameneff, Stekloff, Sverdloff, Uritsky , Joffe, Rakovsky, Radek, Menjinsky ; Larin , Bronski, Zaalkind, Volo darsky, Petroff, Litvinoff, Smirdovitch, and Vovrovsk y are all of the Jewish race, while amongst the mino r Soviet officials the number is legion. Of all the Bolshevist leaders Petrovsky, the Commissar y for the Interior , and a forme r member of the Duma , is practically the only one who in any way could be described as a workin g man. The rest are all intellectuals of bourgeois or paid bourgeois origin. "

In the issue of "ASIA " February-March , 1920, there i s an article entitled "Insid e Soviet Russia. " Th e author of the said article, Mr . V. Anichkoff, i s a well-known Russian scientist. Amon g other things , he states as follows :

" I n all the Bolshevis t institutions the heads are Jews . Th e Assistant Commissa r for Elementary Education, Grunberg , can hardly speak Russian. The Jews are successful in everything and obtain thei r ends. The y know how to command and get complete submission. But they are proud and contemptuous to everyone, which strongly excites the people against them. Anti-Semitis m in a strong degree has spread in all grades of the people. Th e people are inclined to see in the Jews the culprits of all thei r woes. The y look on Bolshevism as a Jewish affair, and Anti-Semitis m is widely spread in the Re d army. The Re d soldiers openly and strongly express their hatred of the Jews . One Re d soldier related before me that he was discharged, and that at all the hospitals and halting stages the doctors and thei r assistants and nurses were Jews ; that a Jewish doctor snatched the cross from one of his comrades and said : 'Tha t is not wanted now, it has been done away with,' but that he did not let the doctor do the same to him. At the present time there is a great national religious fervor among the Jews . The y believe that the promised time of the rule of God' s elect on earth is coming. The y have connected Judaism with a universal revolution. The y see in the spread of revolution the fulfilling of the Scriptures : ' Thoug h I make an end of all the nations, whether I have scattered thee, yet wil l I not make an end of thee.' Bound up with the overwhelming part taken by Jews in the Revolution, an interest in masonry, Zionism and the mission of the Jews have spread among educated Russians. "

("ASIA, " February-March , 1920, p. 223).

We also refer the reader to the testimony of a well-known Jewish periodical published in London , *The Jewish Chronicle,* as to the identity of Bolshevism and Judaism. In part the article states as follows :

"Ther e is much in the fact of Bolshevism itself, in the fact that so many Jews are Bolsheviks , in the fact that the ideals of Bolshevism at many points are consonant with the finest ideals of Judaism. " (See *Jewish Chronicle,* No . 2609, Apri l 4, 1919, p. 7, article entitled "Peace , War , and Bolshevism." )

It is significant that one of the well-known Jewish leaders, Israel Zangwill , addressing a recent conference of the Poal e Zio n Congregation in London , glorified *"the race* which has

produced a Beaconsfield, a Reading , a Montagu , a Klotz , a Kur t Eisner , a Trotzky " (quoted from *The Jewish Chronicle,* Februar y 27, 1920, No . 2656, p. 28). Referrin g to this statement, *La Vieille-France* says, "Thus , Trotzk y is, in fact, the hero of Judaism " (No . 164, Marc h 18-24, 1920).

It is important to note that the Jewish character of the Bolshevis t movement which is so accentuated in Soviet Russi a was equally apparent in Soviet Hungar y when that country was under the Re d rule o f Bela Cohen (Kuhn) . Mr . Edwar d Dillo n in his book "Th e Inside Story of the Peace Confer ence," devotes much attention to this subject. Referring to the situation in Hungary , Mr . Dillo n states as follows , at page 224.

" B y the firs t of Augus t the lawless band that was rulin g the country relinquished the reins of power which were taken over at first by a Socialist Cabinet of which an influential Frenc h press organ wrote : 'Th e names of the new . . . commissaries of the people tell us nothing, because thei r bearers are unknown. But the endings of thei r names tell us that most of them are, like those of the preceding government, of Jewish origin. Neve r since the inauguration of official Communis m d id Budapest better deserve the appellation of Judapest, which was assigned to it by the late M. Lueger , chief of the Christian Socialists of Vienna . Tha t i s an additional trait in common with the Russian Soviets.' "

In this same connection the weekly magazine *The New Witness,* published in London , in its issue of Apri l 11, 1919, remarked as follows :

" I t is not only among the Allie s that the Jewish influence is making itself felt. We know what a tight grip they have on the governments at Petrograd and Berlin. It now appears that the new government of Hungar y is dominated by Jews . Ninety-five per cent of Hungarians are Christians and eighty per cent of the minister s are Hebrew. Thi s fact becomes the more remarkable when we are told that the minister s are nearly all mediocrities. "

T h e Jewish character of the Bolshevist movement in Russi a has been explicitly referred to in the Bolshevist press itself. In substantiation of this we present the following evidence:

In No . 1 of the Russian weekly newspaper, *On to Moscow,* published on September 23, 1919, in Rostov on the Don , an article was published, entitled "No t one Dro p of In nocent Blood. " Th e article reads as follows :

" I n the newspaper 'Communist, ' issued on Apri l 12, 1919, N o . 72, which paper was published in the Cit y of Kharkoff, 1 3 Kar l Liebnecht Street, telephone No . 8-40, Mr . M. Cohan, in his article 'Service s of the Jewr y to the workin g class,' wrote as follows :

" 'Variou s kinds of reactionary regimental organizations and radas are workin g out agrarian "laws, " are givin g away the land to the workmen, are establishing an eight-hour day, a nd throwing out other crumbs to the workin g masses with the sole object to remain in power. But let us unmask them and let us see what there is behind this servile mask. Le t us, for instance, analyze thei r attitude towards the Jews . On all the territory which i s occupied by the Don , Kuba n and Vol untary gangs, the Jews are being annihilated and oppressed. O ne is unable to trace a Jew holding any office, be it impor tant or unimportant, and this is called "equalit y and fraternity. " Th e Voluntar y executioners scream about their humanitarianism and at the same time they oppress a whole nation which always had the esteem of the whole world. It should not be forgotten that the Jewish people, who for centuries were oppressed by kings and czars, are the real proletariat, the real internationale, which has no country.

" 'Withou t exaggeration, it may be said that the great Rus sian social revolution was indeed accomplished by the hands of the Jews. Woul d the dark oppressed masses of the Rus sian workmen and peasants have been able to throw off the yoke of the bourgeoisie by themselves? No , it was precisely the Jews who led the Russian proletariat to the dawn of the Internationale, and not only have led, but are also now leadi ng the Soviet cause which remains in thei r safe hands. We may be quiet as long as the chief command of the Re d Arm y is in the hands of comrade Leo n Trotzky . It is true that there are no Jews in the ranks of the Re d Arm y as far as privates are concerned, but in the committees and in Soviet organizations, as commissars , the Jews are gallantly leading the masses of the Russian proletariat to victory. It is not without reason that durin g the elections to all Soviet institutions the Jews are winnin g by an overwhelming majority. It is not without reason, let us repeat, that the Russian proletariat has elected as its head and leader the Jew comrade Bronstein-Trotzky . The symbol of Jewry , which for centuries has struggled against capitalism, has become also the symbol of the Russian proletariat, which can be seen even in the fact of the adoption of the Re d five-pointed star, which in forme r times, as it is well-known, was the symbol of Zionism and Jewry . Wit h this sign comes victory, with this sign comes the death of the parasites of the bourgeoisie, and let the supporters of Denikine , Krasno v and Kolcha k tremble, these oppressors and executioners of the advance guard of Socialism — of the

gallant Jewish people. Thei r servility before the workin g masses wil l not help them, and Jewish tears wil l come out of them in sweat of drops of blood.' "

T h e publishers of the newspaper "O n to Moscow " print a footnote to the article of Mr . Cohan which reads :

"Th e issue of the newspaper 'Communist ' is kept at the office and everybody is invited to ascertain its authenticity. "

#### 2 . PARALLELIS M BETWEE N PROTOCOL S AN D BOLSHEVIS T POLICIE S

#### ( a) *The Policy of Terror*

It wil l be recalled that the Protocol s advocate a mass terror , a "progra m of violence. " In this connection also the actual Bolshevis t policies are in complete harmony with the progra m of the Protocols . Wit h reference to this point it becomes important to quote the *Krasnaya Gazeta (Red Gazette),* the official organ of the Petrograd Soviet of Workers' , Re d Army , and Peasants' Deputies , which body i s presided over by Zinovieff, alias Apfelbaum, a Jew. On Augus t 31, 1918, in an editorial article, the following is stated:

"Th e interests of the revolution require the physical annihilation of the bourgeois class. It is time for us to start."

Mor e explicitly the progra m of violence is defined by the same paper on September 1, 1918, in an article entitled "Bloo d for Blood. " Therein it is stated:

" W e wil l turn our hearts into steel, which we wil l temper in the fire of suffering and the blood of fighters for freedom. We wil l make our hearts cruel, hard, and immovable, so that no mercy wil l enter them, and so that they wil l not quiver at the sight of a sea of enemy blood. We wil l let loose the floodgates of that sea. Withou t mercy, without sparing, we wil l kil l our enemies in scores of hundreds. Le t them be thousands ; let them drow n themselves in thei r own blood. Fo r the blood of Leni n and Uritzki , Zinovieff and Volodarski , let there be floods of blood of the bourgeois — more blood, as much as possible."

M r . Zinovieff — Apfelbau m went into further details as to the number of Russians whom he proposed to kil l for the sake of Mr . Trotzky' s régime. In a speech of Zinovieff's , reported in the *Northern Commune,* published in Petrograd

on September 19, 1918, No . 109, the following plain statement is quoted:

" T o overcome our enemies we must have our ow n socialist militarism. We mus t wi n over to our side 90,000,000 of the 100,000,000 of population of Russi a under the Soviets. *As for the rest, we have nothing to say to them; they must be annihilated."*

To be sure that the Jewish Bolsheviks were not boasting, the following report of the America n Consul General at Moscow , dated September 3, 1918, is of the utmost significance. Thi s report, which was published in the "Memorandu m on Certain Aspect s of the Bolshevis t Movement in Russia, " Washington, Government Printin g Office, 1919, reads in part as follows :

"Sinc e Ma y the so-called Extraordinar y Commission to Combat Counter-revolution has conducted an openly avowed campaign of terror . Thousands of persons have been summaril y shot without even the form of trial. Man y of them have no doubt been innocent of even the political views which were supposed to supply the motive of their execution. "

T he America n Consul General concludes his report by stating:

"Th e situation cries aloud to all who wil l act for the sake of humanity. "

Trotzk y made an attempt to justify "mass terror " in an article signed by hi m in the official daily newspaper *Izvestia* on January 10, 1919, under the title "Militar y Specialists and the R e d Army. " In this article Trotzk y states among other things as follows :

"Terro r as the demonstration of the wil l and strength of the workin g class, is historically justified, precisely because the proletariat was able thereby to break the political wil l of the Intelligentsia, pacify the professional men of various categories and work, and gradually subordinate them to its own aims within the fields of their specialties." 2

T he Londo n *Times* of Novembe r 14, 1919, printed a letter "sent by a British Officer in South Russi a to his wife " stating that "th e letter is published exactly as sent, except that names

Memorandum on Certain Aspects of the Bolshevist Movement in Russia," p. 11. Compiled by the U. S. State Department in October, 1919.

Page 12 of the same memorandum.

and dates have been altered so that the write r and his wif e wil l not be embarrassed. " Th e officer appeals to his wife to do all she can to put before the British public the information which he gives her as to the atrocities committed by the Bolshevik i which he had himself witnessed while fighting with the army of General Denikin .

"Th e Bolshevists are devils. .. . I hope to send you copies of 64 official photos taken by British officers at Odessa when the town was retaken from the Bolshevists. . . . As no paper wil l print them I suggest that you should have copies done. If we'r e too hard up you could pay for them by sending me no parcels, or selling my Caucasian dagger, or Persian book, or something. An d I suggest that you should then do with them as you think fit, to make them most widely known. Thei r horror may make people realize. The y must realize. By God, they shall realize! The y show men who'v e been crucified with the torture of the 'huma n glove.' The victim gets crucified, nails through his elbows. The hands are treated with a solution which shrivels the skin. Th e skin is cut out with a razor , round the wrist, and peeled off, till it hangs by the finger nails — the 'huma n glove.' I' m not sparing you. I hope you'l l show and send them to everybody we know. People at home, apathetic fools they are, do not deserve to be spared. The y must be woken up. John and Kati e ought to see them. Mos t of the photos are of women. Wome n with thei r breasts cut off to the bone. . . . Tw o little bits, ref. Bolshevist atrocities, you might type in as many copies as you can. If you and several others left them in different teashops every afternoon, it might touch quite a lot of people. I shall send you chapter and verse if I can. If I haven't sent chapter and verse in a month, do your best without. Paper s are no good, because papers would put it more delicately. We have here at H. Q. passes issued to Bolshevists by commis saries on occupying Ekaterinodar . These passes authorize their holders to arrest any gir l they fancy for the use of the soldiery. Sixty-two girl s of all classes were arrested like this and thrown to the Bolshevis t troops. Those who struggled were killed quite early on. Th e rest, when used and finished, were mutilated and thrown, dead and dying , into the two small rivers flowing through Ekaterinodar . In all towns occupied by Bolshevist s and reoccupied by us 'slaughter houses ' are found choked with corpses. Hundred s of 'sus pects,' men, women, and children, were herded in these doors and windows manned and the struggling mass fired into until most of them were dead or dying . The doors were then locked and they were left. The stench in these places, I am told, is hair-raising. These ' slaughter-houses' are verit-

able plague spots and have caused widespread epidemics. I want you to proselytize Robinson and galvanize the Colonel and everybody else you can get hold of. I' d like James to see this and No . 47 and Dorothy . Abov e all the Mater . Fo r I feel sure, that whatever happens, she and you wil l be glad that I'v e come out. "

*("The Horrors of Bolshevism," reprinted from The Times, November 14, 1919, pp.* 5 *and 6.)*

In the same letter the write r refers to the Bolshevis t plans of extending thei r power to Asi a and Africa , and discusses the part played by the Jews in the Bolshevis t régime in Russia .

".. . Bolshevis t Russi a i s a channel o f communication t o the Committee of Unio n and Progress , to Egypt, India, and Afghanistan. Unles s beaten by us, the Bolshies wil l beat us. It' s a side issue for the present, but the danger of thei r rousi ng and letting loose the Chinese is not so very remote. The y have declared wa r on Christianity. The Bible to them is a 'counter-revolutionary ' book, and to be stamped out. The y are aiming at raising all non-Christian races against the Christian countries. Th e Bolshevists form about 5 per cent. of the population of Russi a — *JEWS* (80 to 90 per cent. of the commissaries are Jews), Chinese, Letts , Germans , and certain of the 'skille d labor ' artisans. Th e conscribed peasantry, originally captured by the catchwords mentioned in the pamphlets, now often goaded beyond endurance, is rising against them over wide districts. Stil l conscribed and put up to fight, under severe penalties, they form most of the 'cannon fodder ' used by the Bolshies. The y desert, often *en masse,* and many a peasant who marched for the Bolshevists last week i s fighting for Deniki n in the Voluntee r Arm y to-day. Ref. Jews — In towns captured by Bolshevists the only unviolated sacred buildings are the synagogues, while churches are used for anything, from movie-shows to 'slaughter-houses.' Th e Poles , Galicians , and Petlur a have committed 'pogroms ' (massacres of Jews). No t the Rus sian Voluntee r Armie s under Denikin. Deniki n has, in fact, been so strict in protecting the Jews that he has been accused by his sympathizers of favoring them. If, however , a Com missary, steeped in murder , with torture and rape, with mutilation, happens to be a Jew, as most of them are, should he receive exceptional treatment? "

*("The Horrors of Bolshevism," p.* 5.)

T h e Londo n *Times* of December 3, 1919, published the statement of an eye witness of the "reig n of torture " under the Bolsheviki at the time of the first capture of Odessa. The

witness is the Rev . R. Courtier-Forster , late Britis h Chaplain at Odessa and the Russian Port s of the Black Sea. Space permits the reprint here of only the following passages fro m this important testimony as to one chapter of the Bolshevis t terror :

"Whil e I was still Britis h chaplain of Odessa the city was deluged with blood. Whe n the Bolshevist elements, grafting on to thei r main support the 4,000 criminal s released from the city gaols, attempted to seize the town, people of education, regardless of social position, offered what armed resistance was in thei r power . Workmen , shop assistants, soldiers, professional men, and a handful of officers fought for freedom and liberty through the streets of the great por t for three days and night s against the bloody despotism of the Bolshevists. Tramcar s were overturned to make barricades, trenches dug in the streets, machine-guns placed in the upper windows of houses to mow the thoroughfare with fire. Th e place became an inferno. Th e Bolshevists were victorious . On capturing Odessa Railwa y Station, which had been defended by a few officers and a number of anti-Bolshevis t soldiers, the Bolshevists bayoneted to death the 19 wounded and helpless men laid on the waiting-room floor to await Re d Cros s succour.

"Score s of other men who fell wounded in the streets also became victims to the triumphant Bolshevist criminals . Th e majority of these wretched and unhappy sufferers completely disappeared. Inquiries at the hospitals and prisons revealed the fact that they were not there, and no trace of them was to be found. A fortnight later there was a terrible storm on the Black Sea, and the bodies of the missing men were washed up on the rocks of Odessa breakwater and along the shore ; they had been taken out to sea in small boats, stones tied to their feet, and then been dropped over alive into deep water. Hundreds of others were captured and taken on board the Alma z and the Sinope, the largest cruiser of the Black Sea Fleet. Her e they became victims of unthinkable tortures.

" O n the Sinope General Chormichoff and some other personal friends of my own were fastened one by one with iron chains to planks of wood and pushed slowly, inch by inch, into the ship's furnaces and roasted alive. Other s were tied to winches, the winches turned until the men were torn in two alive. Other s were taken to the boilers and scalded with boiling steam; they were then moved to another part of the ship and ventilating fans set revolving that currents of cold ai r might blow on the scalds and increase the agony of the torture. The full names of 17 of the Sinope victims were given me in writin g by members of thei r families or their

personal friends. These were lost later when my rooms were raided, my papers seized, and I myself arrested and thrown into prison.

"Th e house in the Catherine Square in which I was first in captivity afterwards became the Bolshevists' Hous e of Tor ture in which hundreds of victims were done to death. The shrieks of the people being tortured to death or having splinters of wood driven under the quick of thei r nails were so agonizing and appalling that personal friends of my own living more than a hundred yards away in the Vorontsoffsky Pereulok were obliged to fasten their double windows to prevent the cries of anguish penetrating into the house. The horror and fear of the surviving citizens was so great that the Bolshevists kept motor lorries thundering up and down the street to drown the awfu l screams of agony wrun g from thei r dying victims.

"Thi s Hous e of Tortur e remains as much as possible in the condition in which the Bolshevists left it and is now shown to those who care to inspect its gruesome and blood-bespattered rooms.

"Wee k by week the newspapers published articles for and against the nationalization of women. In South Russi a the proposal did not become a legal measure, but in Odessa bands of Bolshevists seized women and girl s and carried them off to the Port, the timber yards, and the Alexandrovsk y Par k for their own purposes. Wome n used in this way were found in the mornings either dead or mad or in a dying condition. Those found still alive were shot. One of the most awfu l of my own personal experiences of the Ne w Civilization was hearing at night from my bedroom windows the frantic shrieks of women being raped to death in the park opposite. Screams of shrill terror and despair repeated at intervals until they became nothing but hoarse cries of agony like the death calls of a dying animal. Thi s happened not once, or twice, but many times. Neve r to the day of my death shall I forget the horror of those dreadful shrieks of tortured women, and one's own utter powerlessness to aid the victims or punish the Bolshevist devils in thei r bestial orgies. "

*("Bolshevism, Reign of Torture at Odessa," by the Rev. R. Courtier-Forster, late British Chaplain at Odessa and the Russian Ports of the Black Sea. Reprinted from The Times, December 3*, 1919*, pp. 2, 3 and 4.)*

T h e Protocol s speak of *concealed* executions as well as of open violence when making use of the weapon of terrorism to secure political domination. The Bolsheviki closely paralleled the Protocol s in this respect.

Whil e it is true that the number of victims of outright exe-

cution by shooting, drowning , etc., have run into very large figures, they are undoubtedly few in comparison with the number who have been deliberately starved by the Bolsheviki. In pursuance of thei r avowed policy of exterminating the bourgeois class the Soviet government divided the people into four categories with respect to the receipt of food, the bour geoisie being placed in the last two categories as to which the allowance of food was insufficient to support life. A report b y "Mr . E. " found i n the British Whit e Book, "Russi a No . 1 " (1919), relating to the conditions in February, 1919, shows that the last two categories have been done away with altogether. The report states that the Bolsheviki have published statistics "showin g that the fourth category was not necessary, as there were so few members. " "Thi s proves, " he says, "tha t the 4th category people have either been exterminated or have been forced to wor k under the Bolsheviks in order to live. " Th e same witness states that the amount of food given to the first category was constantly varying according to the supplies. Th e rations allowed the four categories in October , 1918, are shown by the Bolshevist paper *Vooruzheny Narod (The Armed People):*

"Th e Commissar y o f Foo d o f the Petrograd Labo r Com mune states that on Friday , Saturday, Sunday and Monday , for four days, the following products wil l be given on the presentation of the bread cards, according to category:

```
1st category — 1 lb. (Russian) of bread and 3 lb. of 
                  potatoes 
2nd category — ½ lb. of bread and 2 lb. of potatoes 
3 rd category — ¼ lb. of bread and 1 lb. of potatoes 
4th category — ½ lb. of potatoes." 1
```

Man y witnesses have referred to the cruelty of this categor y system. Of course, these rations for the 3rd and 4th categories are quite insufficient to support life, and as the bourgeois classes were not only placed in these categories, but were also persecuted and prevented from getting employment in many cases, it is not surprising that hundreds of thousands of them were exterminated by these measures.

As to the question of how the Jewish element in the population came out on the question of food as compared with the

Britis h Whit e Book, Russi a No . 1 (1919), p. 86.

Christian element there is little evidence at hand, but we may refer to one statement in a memorandum of a Mr . B. contained in the Britis h Whit e Book, "Russi a No . 1 (1919), " a s follows :

" A t the Putilo f Work s anti-Semitism i s growing , probably because the food supply committees are entirely in the hands of Jews — and voices can be heard sometimes calling for a 'pogrom. ' "1

Wholesale starvation in Russian cities is one of the most striking features of Russia' s tragedy. Th e bourgeoisie, and especially the intellectual classes of the Russian people, are systematically underfed by the treacherous rationing system of the Jewish Soviet officials. Manua l labor as well as the intellectual worker s are subjected to a most villainous tyranny, namely, to the tyranny of starvation. It is proper to propound the question: Is this policy carried out in accordance with the stipulation of the Protocol s which reads as follows :

"Ou r power lies in the chronic malnutrition and in the weakness of the worker , because through this he falls under our power and is unable to find either strength or energy to counteract it. " (Protoco l No . III.)

#### *(b) The Program of Hypocrisy*

As already seen, the Protocol s call for a program of hypoc risy as well as terror . The nature of the Bolshevis t régime viewed from this angle i s graphically described by Mr . Roge r E. Simmons in his testimony before the Overma n Committee. On pages 298 and 299 of the Senate Repor t he states:

"Alon g the trans-Siberian line, proceeding slowly, I had a chance of reading the literature that the Bolshevik i were distributing in connection with thei r active propaganda ; also the decrees, proclamations, and the public forma l announcements of all kinds of the local and national authorities. Man y of these sounded plausible, aimed to be constructive, ostensibly, and in thei r idealism and promises were golden. I could see h ow people woul d be attracted, and for the first 8 to 10 weeks understood thei r sanguine hopes. Bu t after this time disintegration was rapid and I saw the awfu l results. Th e *modus operandi* was not in line with theories. The y talked ideals but d id not act ideals. Practices showed there was decided im morality ; decidedly, the game was not being played squarely,

Britis h Whit e Book, Russia No . 1 (1919), p. 68.

the people being deceived by the leaders. I suspected it from the very beginning fro m what I saw in Siberia. If you wil l let me, I wil l read to you a significant admission in that connection.

"Thi s statement was written to me, at my request, by an America n that it could be given to the America n Consul General. It reads as follows :

" 'Bonc h Bruevitch, the executor of the acts of all the People's Commissars , not a strong man, but a close friend of Lenine's , who, workin g in the same office, is able to influence Lenine strongly. A power in the government as long as Lenine lives. He states that the Bolsheviki have not worke d out a code of moral s yet, and until they do, the end justifies the means. An y lies or dictatorial methods are worth using as long as they are in the interests of the workin g classes. A close friend of his says he has no compunctions, lyin g whenever there is an advantage to be gained from it for the Soviets.'

"Th e movement i s immoral, absolutely."

In this connection it is of the utmost importance to call the attention of the reader to the statement of one of the best know n Jewish Soviet officials, Zinovieff — Apfelbaum, President of the Petrograd Soviet, regarding the means of spreading world-wide propaganda. Th e passage as quoted before proves h ow closely the policies advocated in the Protocol s resemble the Jewish policies as carried out by the Soviet officials in Russia . Thi s is what Zinovieff stated on Februar y 2, 1919:

" W e are willin g to sign an unfavorable peace with the allies . . . It would only mean that we should put no trust whatever in the bit of paper we would sign. We should use the breathi ng space so obtained in order to gather our strength in order that the mere continued existence of our government woul d keep up the world-wide propaganda which Soviet Russi a has been carrying on for more than a year." 1

#### *(c) The Destruction of Religion and Christianity*

Her e again the actual policies of the Bolsheviki fully coincide with the Protocols .

T he most important passage in the Protocol s as to the policy advocated in regard to religion is the following :

"Libert y could also be harmless and remain on the state program without detriment to the well-being of the people if it were to retain the ideas of the belief in Go d and human

"Memorandum . Certain Aspects of the Bolshevis t Movement in Russia. " Washington, Government Printin g Office, 1919, p. 20.

fraternity, free from the conception of equality which is in contradiction to the laws of nature which establish subordination. Wit h such a faith the people would be governed by the guardians of the parish and would thrive quietly and obediently under the guidance of thei r spiritual leader, accepting God' s dispensation on earth. It is for this reason that we must undermine faith, tearing from the minds of the Goy s the very principle of Go d and Soul, and substituting mathematical formulas and material needs."

It appears from the above excerpt that the Protocol s advocate the destruction of religion and the religious spirit among the Gentiles on the ground that they are the political as well as the mora l bulwarks of the Gentile states. In another place the Protocol s state that the most formidable antagonist of the Jews in the past has been Rome , *i.e.,* the Roma n Catholi c Church.

T he Bolsheviki, whatever thei r real motives may be, have from the moment they came into power in Russi a conducted a campaign of violence and persecution against the Christian religion, in the guise of a campaign against religion in general. Whil e they have not attacked the Jewish religion or the Jewish rabbis, they have murdered and persecuted Chris tian priests and harassed their congregations in the churches. Whil e professing to be merely following the Socialist teachings of Kar l Mar x (himself a Jew), who attacked religion in general as the creature of capitalism, the Bolshevis t campaign against religion is in fact directed against Christianity .

Evidenc e of the above is found in the sworn testimony of several witnesses before the Overman Committee and in official reports of the British government and elsewhere.

An Englis h clergyman, the Rev . B. S. Lombard , in a report to Ear l Curzon , dated Marc h 23, 1919, referring to the conditions in Soviet Russia , stated as follows :

"Th e treatment of the priests was brutal beyond everything. Eigh t of them were incarcerated in a cell in our corridor . Some of us saw an aged man knocked down twice one mornin g f or apparently no reason whatever, and they were employed to perform the most degrading work and made to clean out the filthy prison hospital. "

M r . George A. Simons testified before the Overma n Com mittee, in answer to a question of Senator King , as follows :

British Whit e Book, Russia No . 1 (1919), p. 57.

SENATO R KING . "Di d you find, then, that atheism permeates the ranks of the Bolsheviki? "

M R . SIMONS . "Yes , sir. An d the anti-Chris t spirit a s well. "

T he testimony of Mr . Simons on this subject was as follows :

SENATO R KING . "Wha t I am trying to get at is, for my information, why Bolshevism is bitterly opposed to all sorts of religion or sacraments of the church — Christianity ; because I suppose that they recognize that Christianit y is the basis of law and order and of orderly government. I was wonder i ng if you had discovered why they were so bitter against Christianity, and if you found that all the Bolsheviks were atheistic or rationalistic or anti-Christian? "

M R . SIMONS . "M y experience over there under the Bolsheviki régime has led me to come to the conclusion that the Bolsheviki religion is not only absolutely anti-religious , atheistic, but has it in mind to make all real religious wor k im possible as soon as they can achieve that end which they are pressing. Ther e was a meeting— I cannot give you the date offhand; it must have been in August, 1918 — held in a large hall that had once been used by the Youn g Men' s Christian Association in Petrograd for thei r work among the Russian soldiers. The Bolshevik i confiscated it; put out the Y . M . C . A. In that large hall there was a meeting held which was to be a sort of religious dispute. Lunacharsky , the Commissa r of the People's Enlightenment, as he was called, and Mr . Spitz berg, who was the Commissa r of Propaganda for Bolshevism, were the two main speakers. Both of those men spoke in very much the same way as Emm a Goldman has been speaking. I have been getting some of her literature, and recently I have been very much amazed at the same line of argumentation with regard to the attack on religion and Christianity and so-called religious organizations. "

SENATO R KING . "Sh e is the Bolshevik who has been in jail in this country and who wil l be deported as soon as her sentence is over? "

M R . SIMONS . " I d o not know a s she wil l b e deported. " SENATO R KING . " I think she wil l be."

M R . SIMONS . "Sh e ought to be put somewhere where she cannot issue any more of that literature. Lunacharsk y and Spitzberg came out with pretty much the same things that she has been saying and printing . Thi s i s one of these theses: 'Al l that is bad in the world , misery and suffering that we have had, is largely due to the superstition that there is a God. ' "

SENATO R KING . " I noticed in yesterday's paper that in

their schools the children are being taught, wherever they have schools at all, positive atheism. Di d you verif y that? "

M R . SIMONS . "Lunacharsky , as the official head of the department of education, Commissa r of the People's Enlightenment, said: 'W e now propose to enlighten our boys and our girl s and we are using as a textbook a catechism of atheism which wil l be used in our publi c schools.' Ye t he had the audacity to say: 'W e are going to give all churches the same chance.' An d a priest replied to him , saying : 'The n you ought not to put your catechism of atheism into the schools.' 1

Referring further t o the meeting a t the Y. M. C. A. , Mr . Simons said a little later in his testimony:

"Lunacharsk y and Spitzberg said in that meeting, and they sent it out in thei r proclamations : 'Th e greatest enemy to our proletarian cause is religion. Th e so-called church is simply a camouflage of capitalistic control and they are hiding behind it, and in order to have success in our movement we must get r i d of the church.' No w a frank statement like that seems to me to indicate thei r anti-religious and anti-Christian animus. " 2

M r . Simons further testified as follows :

SENATO R KING . "Ha s there been a confiscation of church property and buildings? "

M R . SIMONS . "Yes , sir ; and in quite a number of instances monasteries, with thei r wealth, have been taken, and all kinds of indecent things have been done by certain Bolshevik officials.

" I have some data showing that they have turned certain churches and monasteries into dancing halls, and one instance has been reported to me where a certain Bolshevik official went into a church while the people were there waiting for the sacrament, and threw the priest out, so I am told, and himself put on the clerical garb, and then went on the altar and made a comedy of the ritual, which stirred up the religious sense of the people to that extent that they threatened — of course, among themselves — that they would yet kil l that man. *He happened to be an apostate Jew.*

M r . Roge r E. Simmons testified as follows in regard to the Russian priest who was put in the same prison with him by the Bolsheviki:

"A high priest o f the church was there. He had been preaching sermons publicly denouncing the immoralit y of the Bolsheviki. The y imprisoned him and shot him . Thi s priest told me that he was a great admire r of Dr . Mott of America. "

Senate Report, "Bolshevik Propaganda, " pp. 136 and 137.

Senate Report, "Bolshevi k Propaganda, " p. 139.

SENATO R NELSON . "D o you not think that the church i n the end wil l prove the rallying center for the anti-Bolshevik forces? "

M R . SIMMONS . " I think it certainly wil l b e one o f the prin cipal factors : no doubt of it. Tha t priest took the occasion, knowing that I was an official of the America n Government, thinking that it was the last duty he could perhaps perform for Russia, to beg me to go back and *tell the American people, 'For God's sake, send us help.'* He was speaking, gentlemen, not for himself, but for the large class of people that he represented." 1

#### TESTIMON Y O F MR . THEODO R KRYSHTOFOVIC H

"As you know, gentlemen, the Russians are a very religious people. Lik e here in the Unite d States, there are very many denominations there, but most of the people belong to the Greek Church. Of course, the priests and religious people are not very pleasant to the Bolsheviki, because the Bolshevik i deny any religion or any religious sentiment. The y oppose the Russian clergy and the Russian clergy oppose the Bolsheviki, and the Russian priests are treated very badly. Fo r instance, they are set to do streetwork, cleaning the streets, paving streets, digging ditches, and so on. The workmen told me several times, 'Th e Bolshevik i are sending out priests to wor k in the streets. Wh y do they not send their rabbis? ' An d that i s true. *The Jewish Rabbis are not sent to work on the streets.* T he Bolsheviki are opposing religion to such an extent that lately when I was going to Petrograd they raised a question of teaching atheism in the schools. The y boast that they have opened so many schools, but they do not say that they closed as many schools as they opened. We had schools in connection with the churches, in connection with every church there was a school, and all these schools are closed now. " 2

Furthe r evidence that the Bolsheviki, although attacking Christianity, protect the Jewish religion, is found in the following article, which appeared on the 5th of July , 1919, in the weekly publication *Soviet Russia,* page 15. Th e article is entitled "Sovie t Tolerance. " It reads as follows :

"Th e Ne w Yor k Jewish Daily , *'The Day,'* in its issue of June 24th has the following cablegram from its European correspondent, N . Shiffrin : 'Gla d Tiding s from Russia.' 'Th e Zionists have organized throughout Russi a Foo d Co-operative Societies which are united in every city into Central Co-opera-

Senate Report, "Bolshevi k Propaganda, " p. 316. Senate Report, "Bolshevi k Propaganda, " p. 431.

tive Associations united in the All-Russia n Federation of Jewish Foo d Co-operative Associations . The Federation i s in part subsidized by the Moscow Soviet Government. Al l schools of the Zionist s in which the language of instruction is ancient Hebrew, as well as the Hebre w Hig h School in Minsk , have been taken over by the government. The y have been incorporated in the Publi c School System which is maintained by the Commissariat of Publi c Education.' "

T he significant part of this article consists in the fact that the old Hebrew is a religious language in which the Talmu d is written. Th e old Hebrew can serve only for the study of the Talmu d as well as of other Jewish religious writings . Thus , while combating the Christian religion, the Bolsheviki are extending protection to the Jewish religion and to the synagogues.

In a pamphlet entitled "Th e Russian Church under the Bolsheviks, " recently published in England , is printed the appeal of Fathe r Serge Orlov , "wh o played an important part in the Refor m movement in the Russian church, " and who i s now in Switzerland, where the Nationa l Consistory has expressed its sympathy for the Russian people by composing a special prayer for the liberation of Russi a from the Bolsheviks . We quote the following passages from this appeal of Fathe r Orlov :

"Owin g to Bolshevism the Orthodo x Russian Churc h i s passing through so acute a crisis that there is serious danger to the fundamental idea of the whole of Christianity .

"Bolshevis m is essentially hostile to Christ, and manifests even greater hatred towards Christianity than did the pagan power of the first centuries.

"Bolshevis m and the Christian Church cannot exist side by side.

"Th e persecution of the Church began in January , 1918, and has been increasing since then. Th e Bolsheviks issued a decree on the disestablishment of the Church, although never h ad the Russian Churc h been so firmly in the grip of the secular authorities as in Soviet Russia . Th e Church has not only been robbed but treated with contumely. Ever y commissary has the right of prohibiting a service if he suspects the priest or his congregation of counter-revolutionary tendencies. Practically whenever he chooses he can close a church, turn it into a cinema, mock at the ancient sacred relics, and in general insult people's religious feelings.

"Bu t it is strange that the greater the persecution of the Russian Churc h the nearer and dearer does it become to the tortured Russian people. Indeed, the priests of the Russian Church boldly denounce the Bolsheviks . *Not one of the secular rulers has accused them so openly as Tikhon, the All-Russian Patriarch, over whom the Damocles sword of the Bolsheviks is always hanging. But the sword can only kill the body, and not the spirit.*

" A s early a s last February , Patriarch Tikho n excommunicated the Bolsheviks , the excommunication being read in the churches. At that time the persecution of the clergy had already commenced, but the Patriarch had not been arrested. It was only later, in the autumn of 1918, during the univer sal Terror , that he was placed under domiciliar y arrest in his apartments in the Kremlin , with a guard of Chinese, Lett s and R e d Arm y men, and deprived of his rations. Bu t even as a prisoner the Patriarch issued declarations against the Bolsheviks , in which he severely denounced them.

*"It is not enough," writes the Patriarch, "that you have stained the hands of the Russian people with the blood of their brethren. You have instigated the people to open, shameless robbery. You have befogged their consciences and stifled their conviction of sin, but under whatever name you disguise an evil deed, murder, violence and robbery will always remain crimes and deeds of evil that clamor to Heaven for vengeance. Yes, we are going through a dreadful time under your dominion, and it will be long before it fades from the hearts of the nation, where it has dimmed the image of God and impressed that of the beast.*

"Bu t as yet the Bolsheviks have not dared to raise thei r hand against the aged Patriarch. Apparentl y he is alive. "

A faint idea of what the Bolsheviks are doing to the Russian Church may be gathered from the following :

"Accordin g t o information received from A. Kartashov , former Ministe r of Cults , by December , 1918, the Bolsheviks had killed ten archbishops and bishops ; it is difficult to ascertain the number of priests killed. It reaches several hundreds. T he Patriarch is a prisoner in his own house. Accordin g to the (later ) message from the Archbishop of Omsk , President of the Supreme Administration of the Orthodo x Church , to the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Metropolitan of Kiev , twenty bishops and hundreds of priests have been assassinated. Some were buried alive. 'Whereve r the Bolsheviks are in power,' says the Archbishop of Omsk , 'the Christian Churc h is persecuted with even greater ferocity than in the first three centuries of the Christian era.'

"When , in January , 1919, the town of Yurie v (Dorpat)

was taken by the Bolsheviks , Bishop Platon was arrested. T h e Reva l papers thus describe the Bishop' s last moments. T h e Bolsheviks burst into his house at night, dragged hi m from his bed. Barefoot and clad only in his under-linen, the Bishop, with 17 other persons, was dragged down to the cellars of the house they had been arrested in. Her e the Re d executioners rushed at them with thei r axes and killed them.

"Nea r Kotlas , al l the ten monks of the monastery, wit h the prio r at thei r head, were shot for agitation against the Soviet authorities. "

Information has come from Oms k that as a result of a judicia l investigation of the Bolshevik terror in Perm , the following has been discovered: —

"Archbisho p Androni k was buried alive ; Vassili , Archbishop of Chernigov , who had come to Moscow to inquire about the fate of Archbishop Andronik , was cut down and killed with hi s two companions. Bishop Feofan was first tortured, then dipped several times into the river through a hole in the ice, and finally drowned in the Rive r Kama . Besides this, it was discovered that 50 priests had been executed. Befor e being killed they were horribl y tortured.

" A t the evacuation of Cherdyn the Bolsheviks took with them among other hostages a highl y respected priest, Nicola s Koniurov , whom they subjected to atrocious torments.

"Durin g a severe frost they stripped the old man naked and poured water over hi m until he was transformed into a statue of ice."

*("The Russian Church under the Bolsheviks," pages 1, 2, 3.)*

T h e statement of the Rev . R. Courtier-Forster , Britis h Chaplain at Odessa, already cited under the head of "Terror, " contains the following passage as to the martyrdom of Chris tians under the Bolsheviki:

" I t was the martyrdom of the two Metropolitans and the assassination of so many Bishops and the killin g of hundreds of various Christian ministers of religion, regardless of denomination or school of thought, that proved the undoing of the *Scourge.* Russian Orthodo x clergy, Protestant Lutheran pastors, Roma n Catholic priests, were tortured and done to death with the same light-hearted indiscrimination in the name of Toleration and Freedom. Then it was that the *Scourge,* seeing the last remnants of Libert y ground under the heel of a tyranny more brutal in its methods than a mediaeval torture chamber, published another full-page cartoon representing Moses descending from the Burnin g Mount, bringin g in his

arms the Tables of Te n Commandment s to Humanity , and being stoned to death by a mob of workmen' s and soldiers' delegates.

"Th e following Sunda y afternoon I was passing through the Tow n Gardens , when I saw a group of Bolshevis t soldiers insulting an Ikon of the Thorn-crowned Face of Christ. Th e owner of the Ikon was spitting in the pictured Face, while the others were standing around watching with loud guffaws of laughter. Presently they tore the sacred picture into frag ments, danced on it, and trampled and stamped the pieces into the mud. "

*("Bolshevism, Reign of Torture at Odessa," by Rev. R. Courtier-Forster, reprinted from The Times, Dec. 3, 1919, page 4.)*

#### *(d) Inciting Class Hatred*

It wil l be recalled that the Protocol s specifically refer to the incitement of class hatred as one of the most effective means o f bringing about the destruction o f Christian, that is, "GOY " states. Th e concluding sentence of Protocol No . IV reads as follows :

" I t wil l be at that stage that the lower classes of the GOYS , not for the sake of doing good, nor even for the sake of wealth, but solely because of thei r hatred towards the privileged, wil l follow us against the intelligent Goys , our competitors for power. "

Thi s remarkable stipulation of the Protocol s is literally followed by the Jewish Soviet officials in Russia . Thi s is h ow Mr . Roge r E. Simmons , in his testimony before the Over man Committee, describes the policy of inciting class hatred by the Bolsheviki in Russia :

M R . SIMMONS . "Bein g a social revolution, of course the worst parts about it are the results of the awful class hatred the Bolsheviki leaders are inciting. The y are inciting it in every part of the country by thei r publications and in all thei r efficient propaganda. It has not been any more disastrous in any parts of Russia , I believe, than it has been in many villages among the peasantry.

"Thei r policy has as an underlying motive the arousing of class antagonism, the proletariat hating the bourgeoisie. In practice it means that the less fortunate in every industry and institution bear animus against those qualified to hold better positions. Thi s has been indirectly the cause of most of the incidents of terrorism witnesses have spoken of, more of which I wil l tell you about later.

"Whe n it was seen that the peasantry did not rally to the

suppor t of the Bolshevik cause and that they refused to sell grain for rubles without value, the Bolsheviki took the class issue to the villages. Lenine calls this movement awakening class consciousness of the peasantry. He organized for this wor k 'poo r committees,' as they are called in translation. These committees of soldiers go out to the villages to inflame the dissatisfied elements and to extract by force food from the peasants. . . . But Lenine sends the poor committees, agitators, to incite peasants who have no land to conspire against those who have, and to take the guns he gives them for fighting , robbing, and plundering neighbors in thei r own and neighboring villages who have land. Whe n you come later to read, gentlemen, the history of the Russian revolution, some of the bloodiest fights, you wil l find, and worst horrors , have occurred in villages. Those simple, peace-loving people have been living among themselves for centuries in more or less harmony under thei r communistic system. Bu t all of a sudden Lenine , by his nefarious policies, sets the passions of the demoralized class aflame and turns them against the other two classes. Instead of promoting brotherly love and helping to make the sentiment of the nation one for the good of all, as we are striving to do in America , the Bolsheviki are trying by *jealousy and animosity to disintegrate the population of various localities* into classes with a view of the honest toiler being overcome and subjected. No w this is a serious matter. The peasantry represent 85 per cent of the 160,000,000 Russians .

" I n Russi a class hatred is seen manifested everywhere. I wil l mention one illustration which I saw in Petrograd—th e undressing of a woman. I had heard about it before. It was about 6:30, growin g dark, as I was walking down the Nevsk y Prospect on my way home. I heard a yell of distress from a woman up a street running perpendicularly to the Nevsky . Ther e two soldiers were removing the cloak — a very good substantial cloth coat — from a woman. An d when protests were made by the standers-by, the answer was, 'W e have blacked your boots and washed your clothes for many years. N o w you bourgeoisie have got to bow to us and wash our clothes and black our boots.' Undressing to steal clothes went on to a considerable extent in Moscow, Petrograd and Kiev , according to reports. It went as far as taking off besides cloaks the very dresses of women, and where they could handle it, taking also the clothes and overcoats off men. . . .

"Now , you can see that all thei r practices aimed to invite people to do acts of that kind showing intense hatred — I wish I could think of another word, it is more than hatred — detestation — against people that they thought were a little higher up. Now , remember, as I pointed out in the first place this hatred is against a good many of these people in the cities,

and people like the peasants who had land, who belonged to the proletariat. Bu t because they did not agree, they call them bourgeoisie. Yo u can see that they are fighting parts of the very class for whom they say they are trying to establish a dictatorship. The y are not trying to put the proletariat in power , but the most demoralized elements of that class, which represents, gentlemen, a very small per cent.

"Now , this class hatred is a matter we have got to consider, I think, with a great deal of interest and a great deal of seriousness, because it is the basis of their international movement. "

#### *(e) Autocracy in Government*

T he Protocol s call for a worl d autocracy and state that liberalism in government is a source of weakness which should be encouraged by the Jews only for the temporary object of destroying Christian states with the ultimate purpose of establishing a Jewish despotism over the whole world.

"Onl y an autocrat can outline great and clear plans which allocate in an orderly manner all the parts of the mechanism of the government machinery. "

On the other hand, the Protocol s state as follows :

" I n all parts of the worl d the words 'Liberty , Equality , and Fraternity' have brought whole legions into our ranks through o ur blind agents, carryin g our banners with delight. Mean while these words were worms which ruined the prosperity of the Goys , everywhere destroying peace, quiet, and solidar ity, undermining all the foundations of their states."

Ambassador Francis , when asked by Senator Kin g whether Leni n and Trotzk y and those who are in control of the Bolshevik government were there as the result of a general election, testified: 2

M R . FRANCIS . "No , no. The y are there as usurpers. " SENATO R KING . "B y force and terror? "

M R . FRANCIS . " I do not think they represent more than ten per cent of the Russians. "

SENATO R OVERMAN . "O f the whole 180,000,000? " M R . FRANCIS . "O f the whole 180,000,000."

M r . Roge r E. Simmons also describes the Bolshevik government as it existed when he left Russi a in November , 1918, as follows :

- Senate Report, "Bolshevi k Propaganda, " p. 301.
- Senate Report, "Bolshevi k Propaganda, " p. 946.

"Th e Soviet government, composed solely of Bolsheviks , of a portion only of the 'manua l proletariat' is a government in name only. Rightl y stated, it is a well-organized institution functioning to further the social revolution, the overthrow of all recognized standards of morality and civilization. "

Tha t gradual despotism shown by the testimony of these witnesses to exist in 1918 has tended to become more and more complete is shown by evidence of a recent date. The Britis h Whit e Book , "Russi a No . 1 (1919), Collection of Report s on Bolshevism in Russia, " contains a report of a M r . C. who was formerl y connected with a commercial company which had a branch in Moscow. Thi s document bears the date of Januar y 21, 1919. Amon g other information therein contained is the following :

"Al l factories nationalized; only about half of them working. Me n al l anti-Bolshevik. Ver y discontented with conditions of life, and with the workin g of the factories. Conditions getting worse and worse every day. A great many of the men have gone to the country, as it is practically impossible to live in the towns. .. . In Petrograd more attempts to strike than in Moscow ; this is because in Moscow the workmen are more under the power of the government, and *they do not dare to strike.* Eve n if they did there is nothing to gain by it, for the government woul d simply stop thei r wages, discharge a good many, and probably cancel thei r bread cards. "

As recently as in the fall of 1919 conditions in the factories were reported to be intolerable. The Soviet officials have gone far beyond that part of the program of Kar l Mar x in hi s "Communis t Manifesto, " which prescribes "Equa l liability of all to labor. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture. " Th e Soviet government's Code of Labo r Laws , translated into Englis h and published in Ne w Yor k in *Soviet Russia,* the organ of the Russian Soviet Bureau, in its issue of Februar y 21, 1920, imposes compulsory labor upon every one, male or female, between the ages of sixteen and sixty, unless physically disqualified, and enforces iron discipline of the most tyrannical nature.

Moreover , the Ne w Yor k *World* of Friday , Apri l 9, 1920, published an article entitled "Mobiliz e Russian Labor, " in which it was stated that Trotzky , addressing the ninth convention of the Communis t Part y at Moscow on Marc h 27, 1920,

Senate Report, "Bolshevi k Propaganda, " p. 299.

directed his address chiefly to defining the relation between the mobilization of industry to the industrial rehabilitation of Russia, and stated:

"Mobilizatio n is more necessary now than it was formerly, because we have to deal with the peasant population and masses of unskilled labor which cannot be utilized to the fullest extent by any other means than military discipline. Trade s unions are capable of organizing great masses of qualified workers , but 30 per cent of the people cannot be reached by this means."

An elaborate system among the workmen had been gradually established and at present the communis t spy reporting directly to the Soviets has almost mediaeval powers of executi ng a man merely for the reason that he is opposed to the tyranny of the Soviets. Moreover , by the weapon of starvation, the workman is compelled to wor k more hours than under any preceding form of government. Th e very right to strike is entirely denied the workmen. Ever y strike is called sabotage against the Soviets and every act of sabotage is forbidden under pain of capital punishment. Supplementary Decree No . 27 deals specifically with incitements to strike. Persons violating such decree are brought before the Extraor dinary Committees to Combat Counter-revolution.

Thi s situation strikingl y recalls a passage in the Protocol s where it is stated:

"Civilizatio n cannot exist without *absolute despotism,* fo r government is carried on not by the masses, but by thei r leader whoever he may be."

Is Trotzk y this leader?

Immediately before hi s departure from the Unite d States for Russi a in order to join his brethren who were engaged in the destruction of the Russian state, Trotzk y made the following boast:

*"I stand forth the world's greatest internationalist. I shall rule Russia."*

Then he made this appeal to the audience:

" O n with our worl d civil war ! O n with the worl d revolution ! Dow n with the governments! "

Unfortunately , the wise step taken by the Britis h Govern ment in arresting Trotzk y at Halifa x whil e on his way to Russi a was countermanded, and Lieut.-Colone l J . B. Maclean, proprietor of *Maclean's Magazine,* published at Toronto , in

a n article entitled "Wh y Di d W e Le t Trotzk y Go?" , printed in the issue of June, 1919 (Vol . XXXII , No . 6), referring to various explanations for his release, says, "Finall y it is said it was done at the request of the British Embass y at Washing ton over the head of the Britis h and America n Intelligence Department; and that the Embass y acted on the request of the U. S. State Department, who were acting for some one else."

#### I I. PARALLELIS M BETWEE N TH E PROTOCOL S A N D JEWIS H WRITING S

Ther e are many passages in the writings and speeches of well-known Jewish leaders at various times durin g the last hundred years which show a remarkable parallelism with some of the important ideas set forth in the Protocols . Th e following instances may be cited as a result of a search which is by no means exhaustive. In each case we cite a passage taken verbatim from the Protocols , followed under the title of "Substantiations " by parallel quotations from well-known Jews.

#### 1 . EXTRACT S FRO M PROTOCOL S

- **(a) "Th e prophets have told us that we were chosen by God himself to reign over the world. God endowed us with genius to enable us to cope with the problem." (Protocol No. V. )**
- **(b) "Go d has given us, his chosen people, the power to scatter, and what to all appears to be our weakness has proved to be our strength, and has now brought us to the threshold of universal rule." (Protocol No. XI.)**
- **(c) "Whe n the King of Israel places the crown on his sacred head, offered him by Europe, he will be the Patriarch of the World. " (Protocol No. XV. )**

#### *Substantiations*

*(a)* "Th e men of all nations shall be subject to Israel, but those who have ruled over you shall be destroyed with the sword. "

*(Apocalypse of Baruch (LXXII), a well-known Jewish work of the first century* A.D.)

*(b)* "Ou r task is great and holy and its success is guaranteed. Catholicism, our greatest foe, lay wounded in its brains . T he net which is being spread by Israel all over the surface of the earth wil l spread day by day, and the glorious prophecies of our holy right s wil l be finally realized. The time is approaching when Jerusalem wil l become the home of worship

of all peoples and the banner of the Jewish monotheism wil l be flying on the most distant coast. Ou r strength is enormous, we must learn how to apply it in practice. Wha t have we to be afraid of ? The day is approaching when all the wealth of the worl d wil l become the property of the Sons of Israel. "

*(Isaac-Adolphe Crémieux, founder of the Alliance Isra*é*lite Universelle, quoted by Serge Nilus, in a footnote which appears on page 172 in 1917 edition of his book, "It is near! At the door!" A reference to the same document of the Alliance Israélite Universelle can be found in issue No. 24, December 15, 1909, of the Arabic paper "Al Kalemat" ("The World"), which was published in New York. See article entitled, "A Chapter Concerning Moral Discussions. Concerning the Destroyers of the Foundation of the Christian Faith," pp. 461-464.)*

*(c)* "It has always been a unique feature of Judaism that its traits of particularism — essential to its self-preservation have been blended with the highest aspirations *of universalism."*

*(Paul Goodman, "Zionism and Liberal Judaism," Zionist Review, Nov. 1917.)*

- *(d)* "Whe n we read in the Book of Isaiah that the prophet of the exile declared that the Jews were God' s witnesses, chosen for a religious purpose and charged with a religious mission, we believe that he was speaking words which were inspired by God. "
- *(Cl. G. Montefiore, "Outlines of Liberal Judaism," p. 166. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited. 1912.)*
- *(e)* "Th e Jews energetically reject the idea of fusion with the other nationalities and cling firmly to thei r historical hope, *i.e.,* of worl d empire. "

*(From speech of Dr. Mandelstam, Professor in the University of Kiev, Russia, delivered at the Basel Zionist Congress of 1898. See H. S. Chamberlain's "The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century," Vol. I, p. 335. London: John Lane. 1913.)*

*(f)* "Th e Jew wil l never be able to assimilate himself; he wil l never adopt the customs and ways of other peoples. The J e w remains a Jew under all circumstances. Ever y assimilation is purely exterior. "

*(From speech of Rabbi Dr. Leopold Kahn on Zionism, delivered in July, 1901, in the orthodox Jewish school in Pressburg, Idem.)*

*(g)* "Th e governments of all countries, scourged by anti-Semitism, wil l serve their own interests in assisting us to obtain the sovereignty we want. "

*(Theo. Hertzl, "The Jewish State," p. 11. Published by the Federation of American Zionists, New York, 1917.)*

*(h) "*Christianity itself seems to Jews only a stage in the

preparation of the worl d for a purified, developed and univer salized Judaism. "

- *(Cl. G. Montefiore, "Outlines of Liberal Judaism," p. 163. London. 1912.)*
- *(i)* "Libera l Judaism has higher ambitions for the Jewish people. Abov e all, it seeks to preserve the *Jewish religion* in full beauty and power , and *to extend its workings to a sphere co-extensive with the universe of men."1*

*(Rabbi Mattuck, quoted by Paul Goodman in his article on "Zionism and Liberal Judaism," in the Zionist Review, November, 1911. Reprinted by Petty & Sons, Ltd., Whitehall Printeries, Leeds, pp. 2 and 3.)*

*(j)* "I t is not given to every one to *understand* that which is not yet finished. . . . Yes ! Th e likelihood of realizing o ur demands and proposals grows with our numbers and with the increase in our strength. Fo r the present we have reason to be satisfied with the spirit in which our aspirations were regarded by the might y ones of the earth. *Do not demand more than this intimation from your Action Committee. In this respect you must have implicit confidence in it. You may freely question it regarding all other matters."*

*(Theo. Hertzl, "Congress Addresses," delivered at London, August 13, 1900, at the Zionist Congress. Published by the Federation of American Zionists, New York, 1917.)*

*(k)* "Le t the sovereignty be granted us over a portion of the globe large enough to satisfy the reasonable requirements of the nation: *the rest we shall manage for ourselves."*

*(Theo. Hertzl, "The Jewish State," p. 11.)*

#### 2 . EXTRACT S FRO M PROTOCOL S

- **(a) "W e must follow a program of violence and hypocrisy, not only for the sake of profit, but also as a duty and for the sake of victory." (Protocol No. I.)**
- **(b) "Whe n we finally become rulers . . . we will see to it that no plots are hatched against us. To effect this we will kill heartlessly all who take up arms against the establishment of our rule." (Protocol No. XV. )**

#### *Substantiations*

- *(a)* "Ou r people who are receiving the new country from the Society wil l also thankfully accept the new constitution it offers them. Should they, however, show signs of rebellion, they wil l be promptl y crushed. " *(Theo. Hertzl, "The Jewish State," p. 38.)*
- Al l italics in Par t Tw o of this book are our own unless otherwise stated.
- *(b)* "Th e interests of the revolution require the physical annihilation of the bourgeois class. It is time for us to start." *(Red Gazette,* Aug . 31, 1918, No . 159. Published by the Petrograd Soviet of the Workmens ' & Soldiers ' Deputies, presided over by the Jew, Apfelbaum — Zinoviev.)
- *(c)* "Bloo d and mercilessness must be our slogans. " (Leo n Trotzky , International Communis t Congress , Moscow, March , 1919. Quoted, *New York Evening Sun,* Marc h 18, 1919.)

#### 3 . EXTRACT S FRO M PROTOCOL S

**(a) "W e will also artfully and deeply undermine the sources of production by teaching the workmen Anarchy and the use of alcohol, at the same time taking measures to expel all the intelligent Goys from the land.**

**"Tha t the true situation should not be noticed by the Goys until the proper time, we will mask it by a pretended desire to help the working classes and great economic principles, an active propaganda of which principles is being carried on through the dissemination of our economic theories." (Protocol VI. )**

**(b) "W e will present ourselves in the guise of saviors of the workers from this oppression, when we suggest that they enter our army of Socialists, Anarchists, Communists, to whom we always extend our help under the guise of the rule of brotherhood demanded by the human solidarity of our social masonry." (Protocol III.)**

#### *Substantiations*

*(a)* "Whe n the Jew gives his thought, his devotion, to the cause of the worker s and of the dispossessed, of the disinher ited of the world , the radical quality within hi m there, too, goes to the roots of things , and in Germany he becomes a Mar x and a Lassalle, a Haa s and an Edwar d Bernstein; in Austri a he becomes a Victo r Adle r and a Friedrich Adler ; in Russia , a Trotzky . Just take for a moment the present situation in Russi a and in Germany . Th e revolution set creative forces free, and see what a large company of Jews was available for immediate service. Socialist Revolutionaries and Mensheviki, and Bolsheviki, Majorit y and Minorit y Socialists — whatever they be called . . . *Jews are to be found among the trusted leaders and the routine workers of all those revolutionary parties."*

*(Rabbi J. L. Magnes in his address delivered at the opening session of the first Jewish Labor Congress, January 16, 1919, New York City. See the Jewish Forum, February, 1919, p. 722.)*

*(b)* "Th e Jew, therefore, does take an active part in revo-

lutions ; and he participates in them in so far as he is a Jew, or more correctly in *so far as he remains Jewish."*

*(Bernard Lazare, "Anti-Semitism: Its History and Causes" p. 312. Published by International Library Publishing Co., New York, 1903.)*

*(c)* "W e must not, however , leave these problems (social) and this reform (social) outside of our Jewish thought, our Jewish activities. We must not let them be taken by active Christians and stamped as specifically Christian.

*(Rabbi Montefiore, "Outlines of Liberal Judaism," pp. 266 and 267. London, 1912.)*

*(d) "Das Folk,* a Jewish periodical published in America , writes in 1905:

" 'On e cannot blame us that people with different mentalities and views as *Social Democrats, Anarchists,* and so on, are filled with our socialist territorial ideas, and enter in our ranks in order to struggle for a better future of the Jewish people. On the contrary, it shows that life itself has raised our ideal and drives all under our banner.' "

*(The Jewish Life, March, 1906, p. 173. Jewish newspaper published in Russian, found in New York Public Library.)*

*(e)* The following quotation is an estimate by Bernard Lazare, Jewish writer , of the part which was and is played by the Jews in the revolutionary movement throughout the world :

"Thei r \[*i.e.,* the Jews'\] contribution to present-day Socialism was, as is well known, and still is, very great. Th e Jews , it may be said, are situated at the poles of contemporary society. The y are found among the representatives of industrial and financial capitalism, and among those who have vehemently protested against capital. Rothschild is the antithesis of Mar x and Lassalle ; the struggle for money finds its counterpart in the struggle against money, and the world-wide outlook of the stock-speculator finds its answer in the international proletarian and revolutionary movement. It was Mar x who gave the first impulse to the founding of the Internationale through the manifesto of 1847, drawn up by himself and Engels. No t that it can be said that he ' founded ' the Internationale, as is maintained by those who persist in regarding the Internationale as a secret society controlled by the Jews . Man y causes led to the organization of the Internationale, but from Mar x proceeded the idea of a Labo r Congress , which was held at Londo n in 1864, and resulted in the founding of that society. Th e Jews constituted a very large proportion of its members, and in the General Council of the society, we find Kar l Marx , Secretary for Germany and Russia , and James Cohen, Secretary for Denmark . Man y of the Jewish members of the Internationale took part subsequently in the Commune ,

where they found others of thei r faith. In the organization of the socialist party, the Jews participated to the greatest extent. Mar x and Lassalle in Germany , Aaro n Libermann and Adle r in Austria , Dobrojan Gherea in Roumania , are, or were at one time, its creators and its leaders. Th e Jews of Russi a deserve special notice in this brief résumé. Youn g Jewish students, scarcely escaped from the Ghetto, have played an im portant part in the Nihilisti c propaganda ; some, among them women, have given up their lives for the cause of Liberation, and to these young Jewish physicians and lawyers, we must add the large number of exiled workingmen who have founded in Londo n and Ne w Yor k important labor societies, which serve as centers of socialistic and even of anarchistic propaganda. "

*(Bernard Lazare, "Anti-Semitism," pp. 312, 313*, *and 314.)*

*(f)* "Whe n we sink, we become a revolutionary proletariat, the subordinate officers of the revolutionary party ; when we rise, there rises also our terrible power of the purse. "

*(Theo. Hertzl, "The Jewish State," p. 10.)*

*(g)* "Thu s it woul d seem as if the grievance of the anti-Semite were well founded; the Jewish spirit is essentially a revolutionary spirit, and *consciously or otherwise, the Jew is* a revolutionist. "

*(Bernard Lazare, "Anti-Semitism," p. 298.)*

#### 4 . EXTRAC T FRO M PROTOCOL S

#### **" A t present as an international force we are invulnerable." (Protocol III.)**

#### *Substantiations*

- *(a)* "Nothin g effectual can really be done to our injury. " *(Theo. Hertzl, "The Jewish State" p. 9.)*
- *(b)* "Th e very impossibility of getting at the Jews nour ishes and embitters hatred of them. "

*(Theo. Hertzl, "The Jewish State" p. 10.)*

- *(c)* "I t is of course possible to get at shares and debentures in railways , banks and industrial concerns of all descriptions, by taxation, and where the progressive income ta x is in force, all our realized property can eventually be laid hold of. But all these efforts cannot be directed against Jews alone, and where they have nevertheless been made, severe economic crises with far-reaching effects have been thei r immediate consequences." 
    - *(Theo. Hertzl, "The Jewish State," p. 10.)*
- *(d) "A* distracted and divided people have been so well in structed in thought that the unity of Israel is greater than all the differing religions , social, economic and political views of the individual s who make up a nation, that the Rabbi s of East-

ern Europe have entered in full force into the vanguard of the movement. "

*(Jacob de Haas. See his preface to Hertzl's "The Jewish State," p. 8.)*

*(e) " . . . There is such a thing as a Kol* (All ) *Israel policy to be pursued by all Jews together, regardless of their political, their economic, their spiritual outlook."*

*(Rabbi Judas L. Magnes, Speech delivered at the Jewish Labor Congress, Jan. 16, 1919, at Yorkville Casino, New York City; quoted in the Jewish Forum, February, 1919, p. 720.)*

*(f)* "The Jewish people, traditionally and through its experience, knows the meaning of internationalism, and it must apply the method of internationalism to its own national lif e as well, sharing the destiny of every people, free and oppressed, in freeing the worl d in order that it itself may be freed. "

(*Rabbi Judas L. Magnes, Ibid., p. 721.*)

*(g) "*But, in order that the Jewish people may do its wor k in the world, it must be organized — *organized for its specific purposes* as well as for participation in all of the cultural and spiritual movements of humanity. "

*(Rabbi Judas L. Magnes, Ibid., p. 724.)*

*(h) "Here we are, just Jews and nothing else, a nation among nations. Take it or leave it."*

*(From speech of Dr. Weizman, delivered in Manchester, England, Dec. 9, 1917, partially quoted in a pamphlet entitled "Great Britain, Palestine and the Jews," p. 73. Published by Geo. H. Doran Co., New York.)*

*(i) "*Our union is not a French one, nor English , nor Swiss , nor German. Nay , our union i s Jewish and it i s universal. T h e other peoples are split into nationalities. We , however , are the only ones who have no co-citizens, but exclusively coreligionists. The Je w wil l not sooner become the friend of a Christian or a Mohammedan than at the time when the light of the Jewish faith — the only religion of reason — wil l spread throughout the world. Scattered among peoples who are hostile to our rights, to our interests, we wish above all to be and always to remain Jews . Ou r nationality is the religion of our fathers and we do not recognize any other. Livin g in lands of dispersion we cannot be concerned about the changing aims of those lands which are strange to us until the time when our o wn aims both moral and material are in danger. Th e Jewish teachings must spread all over the world. Sons of Israel! however much the faith would disperse you all over the earth, always consider yourselves as members of a chosen people. If y ou realize and if you understand that the faith of our ancestors is our sole patriotism, *if you realize that in spite of your cover nationalities you form only one and the same people,* if y ou believe that only Judaism constitutes the religious and

political truth, if you are convinced in the above, you universal sons of Israel, you wil l come to us, you wil l listen to our appeal and you will prove that you accept it. "

- ( I n 1860, Isaac Adolphe Crémieux, the well-known Jewish leader in France, founded the Universa l Jewish Allianc e (Allianc e Israélite Universelle). On this occasion he issued a circular appeal to the Jewish organizations throughout the world. The above quotation is from this circular appeal. Quoted by A. Shmakoff. "Jewis h Speeches," p. 131.)
- *(j)* "I t is our opinion that the Jewish question can be solved only by the *Jews themselves. . . . We no longer want to wear the mask of any other nationality."*

*(Theo. Hertzl, in Congress Addresses delivered at Basle, December 26, 1901, p. 28. Published by the Federation of American Zionists, 1917, New York.)*

*(k)* "Furthermore , it is well understood in Germany and in Austri a that the Jews of Russi a have never had real citizenship in Russia , and although a Jew may have been born in Russia , that does not necessarily imply that he has been a citizen of Russia. Realizing that, and for other apparent reasons, the German and Austria n Government s are makin g every effort to secure the cooperation and good-will of the large Jewish population, now under their control. "

*(Rabbi Judas L. Magnes. See his letter to Mr. Byrlavski, June, 1916. Published in the Report of the Commission of the American Jewish Relief Fund. New York City, March, 1917.)*

*(l)* "Le t us forget whence we spring. No more talk of 'German ' or of 'Portuguese ' Jews. Thoug h scattered over the earth we are nevertheless a single people."

*(Rabbi Salomon Lipmann-Cerfberr in his opening speech delivered on July 26, 1806, at the meeting preparatory to the Synedrion. Quoted by H. S. Chamberlain in his "Foundations of the Nineteenth Century," Vol. I, p. 329.)*

*(m) "Israel is a nationality.* We are born Jews , *'natu'* because we are born Jews . A child born from Jewish parents is Jewish. Th e very birth casts on him all the duties of an Israelite. It is not through circumcision that we obtain our Israelan quality. Nay , circumcision is in no way analogous to Christian baptism. We are not Israelites because we are circumcised, but, on the contrary, we circumcise our children because we are Israelites. We acquire the Jewish character through our birth, and we can never lose it nor get rid of it. *Even if a Jew denies his religion, even if he is baptized, he does not cease to be an Israelite.* Al l Israelite duties continue to remain with him. "

*(Archives Israélites, 1864. Quotation from Ed. Drumont, "La France Juive," Vol. I, p. 14, 12th ed. Paris: C. Marpont E. Flammarion.)*

#### 5 . EXTRACT S FRO M PROTOCOL S

- **(a) "Th e economic crises were created by us for the Goys only by the withdrawal of money from circulation." (Protocol XX. )**
- **(b) "W e hold in our hands the greatest modern power Gold." (Protocol XXII. )**

#### *Substantiations*

*(a)* "Th e first official violation of Jewish liberties invariably brings about an economic crisis. Therefore , no weapons can be effectually used against us, because these cut the hands that wield them. "

*(Theo. Hertzl, "The Jewish State," p. 43.)*

*(b)* "Whe n we rise, there rises also our terrible power of the purse."

*(Theo. Hertzl, "The Jewish State," p. 10.)*

*(c)* "Th e day is approaching when all the wealth of the worl d wil l become the property of the Sons of Israel. "

*(Isaac Adolphe Crémieux, quoted by A. Shmakoff, "Jewish Speeches," p. 131.)*

*(d)* "Th e Government of Palestine (in the hands of Jews), composed of *men of wisdom* and of intellectuals w*ill guide* the economic movement not only of the Orient and of Anatolia , but probably also of the w*hole world."*

*(The Inkilab, a Jewish paper published in Constantinople. Quoted in La Vieille France, No. 108, February 13, 1919, p. 21.)*

#### 6 . EXTRAC T FRO M PROTOCO L

**" A t present, if any of the governments raises a protest against us, it is done only as a matter of form and at our desire and by our order, because their anti-Semitism is necessary to us to govern our smaller brothers." (Protocol IX. )**

#### *Substantiations*

*(a)* "Th e government s of all countries, scourged by anti-Semitism, will serve thei r own interests in assisting us to obtain the sovereignty we want. "

*(Theo. Hertzl, "The Jewish State," p. 11.)*

*(b)* "Disaste r binds us together, and, thus united, we suddenly discover our strength. Yes , we are strong enough to form a State, and a model State."

*(Theo. Hertzl, "The Jewish State," p. 10.)*

## III. PARALLELIS M BETWEE N TH E PROTOCOL S A N D CERTAI N ACTIVITIE S O F TH E JEW S OUTSID E O F RUSSI A

Ther e are a number of important policies in the Protocol s which find a striking parallel in certain activities and movements among Jews in various parts of the worl d outside of Russia. Amon g these policies of the Protocol s are : the control of the press for political purposes, securing international or so-called "minority " right s for the Jews , the stirring up of class hatred and social disorder , and the promotion of revolutions and internationalism.

#### "SECRE T KINGDO M O F TH E PRESS "

1. Th e boast is made in the Protocol s that in Europ e the press, with unimportant exceptions, is under Jewish control. It is indeed true that the Jewish influence in the press in many parts of the worl d is very powerful. Jus t how powerful it is in Americ a it is difficult to state. It is certainly a great and growin g power in Ne w Yor k City . A Jewish magazine, *The American Jewish News,* recently pointed with pride to the great number of newspapers in Ne w Yor k which are either controlled by the Jews or in which Jews occupy im portant strategic positions. In the article referred to, which was published in the issue of Marc h 28, 1919, under the title "Me n Wh o Mak e Ou r Newspapers, " the following statement is made :

"Whil e it is an accepted fact that certain of our industries to-day are almost entirely directed and supported by Jewish minds and labor, there are nevertheless just as many which are not generally conceded to come within the same classification which have at thei r head men of Jewish descent. Mos t important among these latter is the greatest of all public institutions — the press.

"Hardl y a newspaper of importance thrives in this city but it has at its head or in some position of paramount influence a

m an in whose fibre there i s Jewish energy. An d with one exception the achievements of these men who mould and interpret America n public opinion could provide material for books of incalculable inspiration. "

T he article proceeds to refer to several large dailies in Ne w Yor k which are owned or controlled by Jews , with biographical sketches of these men and thei r subordinates. At the end of the article it is stated that the men mentioned are "bu t a few of a great number. "

Tha t there is nothing new in the Jewish policy of controllin g the press is shown by the following statement of Isaac-Adolphe Crémieux, who in 1860 founded the Allianc e Israélite Universelle .

"Conside r the governmental and public offices as nothing. Loo k upon all honors as upon nonsense. Do not pay any attention for the time being to money itself. . . . *Capture the press!* Throug h it everything wil l come to you in the natural course of events."

T h e complete dictatorship over the press exercised by the Jewish Bolshevis t leaders in Soviet Russi a is such a generally accepted fact that it needs no extended comment. Al l newspapers that have attempted in any way to criticize the Bolshevist government have been ruthlessly suppressed, and many writer s who have dared to criticize Trotzk y have been executed.

T he policy of the Bolsheviks is well expressed by one of the Soviet officials, N. Bukharin , i n "Th e Communis t Pro gram, " published by the Soviet printing office, called "Th e Communist, " Moscow, 1918, Chapter VII , pp. 20-23 :

"Th e Communis t (Bolshevist) party receives from all sides accusations and even threats like the following : 'Yo u close newspapers, you arrest people, you forbid meetings, you trample under foot freedom of speech and of the press, you reconstruct autocracy, you are oppressors and murderers.' It is necessary to discuss in detail this question of the 'liber ties ' in a Soviet Republic .

" A t present the following i s clear for the workingmen and the peasants. Th e Communis t party not only does not demand any liberty of the press, of speech, meetings, unions, etc., for

Quoted from A. Shmakoff. Addres s in defense of T. Vekshi n and others, p. 36. Moscow : Universit y Printin g Office. 1907.

the bourgeois enemies of the people, but, on the contrary, it demands that the government should be always in readiness to close the bourgeois press ; to disperse the meetings of the enemies of the people, to forbid them to lie, slander, and spread panic ; to crush ruthlessly all attempts at a restoration of the bourgeois régime. Thi s is precisely the meaning of the dictatorship of the proletariat. "

#### "MINORIT Y RIGHTS " I N TH E LIGH T O F TH E PROTOCOL S

2. Fro m a practical point of view it is of the utmost im portance to Christian countries to ascertain whether the Jews are to be treated as citizens who enjoy equal rights and equal duties with the rest of the community, or whether they are to have, in addition, special privileges unifor m in every country because they are Jews .

T he American Constitution grants equal rights to all citizens of the Unite d States, without distinction as to race or religion. The same conception of citizenship prevail s in a majority of the western European countries (Great Britain , Netherlands , France , Italy, Switzerland, Norway , a nd Sweden).

Durin g the last two years, however, the Jews in various countries have adopted a peculiar policy, threatening the fundamental principles of equal citizenship, by demanding special national or minorit y right s in central and eastern European states. Durin g the Peace Conference the Jews maintained an influential delegation at Pari s which insisted that such right s be granted to the Jews in Poland, Austria , Roumania , Jugo slavia, Czechoslovakia and Ukrainia . A special Bil l of Jewish Right s was presented by the Jewish delegation to the Peace Conference. Thi s bill contained the following stipulations :

*"First* — Ne w guarantees of citizenship for those born in the territories affected, or resident therein since August, 1909. *"Second* — Al l citizens to enjoy equal civil, religious , national and political rights , without distinction of birth, race, nationality or religion.

*"Third* — Th e right to use the language of any national minorit y in business, private intercourse, public meetings or the press shall be guaranteed; nor shall there be any restriction of such language in the schools or other institutions, nor shall the validity of any transaction or document be affected by the use of any language whatsoever.

*"Fourth* — The state shall recognize the several national

minorities as constituting distinct autonomous organizations , having the right to establish, manage and control schools and religious, educational, charitable and social institutions.

*"Fifth* — Eac h national minorit y shall be allotted its proportion of state, departmental and municipal funds, based on the ratio of its numbers in the respective areas, as well as in the entire population.

*"Sixth*—Proportional representation of national minorities in elected bodies.

*"Seventh* — Thos e observing any other day except Sunda y as Sabbath shall not be required to perform on such days acts they regard as desecrations, and shall be permitted to conduct business on Sunday if they so desire.

*"Eighth* — The signatories to the treaty, or any minorit y which may be affected by failure to observe its provisions , shall be entitled to submit complaint s for adjudication to the League o f Nations , which wil l assume jurisdiction. " (Ne w Yor k *Tribune,* June 12, 1919.)

Thi s Bil l of Right s was strongly endorsed by the America n Jewish Congress held in Philadelphi a in December , 1918. We quote an article in the Ne w Yor k *Tribune* of Ma y 14, 1919, on this subject:

"NATION S MUS T GUARANTE E RACIA L RIGHTS , SAY S MACK .

"CHAIRMA N O F JEWIS H DELEGATIO N T O PARI S CABLE S RE SULT S O F ITS EFFORTS .

"Accordin g to a cable received by the Zionis t Organization of Americ a from its president, Judg e Julian W. Mack , who i s now in Paris , heading the America n Jewish Congres s delegation to the peace conference, and chairman of the Jewish delegations from every part of Europe , the treaty offered to Germany requires Poland and other nations to accept separate provisions guaranteeing rights to racial, religious and linguis tic minorities within thei r boundaries.

"Judg e Mac k says the wor d 'national ' i s not included in the treaty as now formulated, but that a decision on this point is expected in a few days.

" H e expresses himself as sanguine that the substance of the demands adopted by the America n Jewish Congress, held in Philadelphia last December , wil l be obtained. "

Moreover , the Bil l of Right s was endorsed by most of the recognized Jewish organizations throughout the world.

"NIN E MILLIO N JEW S PRESEN T BIL L O F RIGHT S A T PARIS, " i s the title under which the universal support of Hebre w national rights within the boundaries of other nations was recorded by the Ne w Yor k *Tribune* on June 12, 1919.

M r . Edwar d Dillon , in his book "Th e Inside Story o f the Peace Conference, " referring to these national right s and to the support which was extended to the Jewish demands, stated that the Allie d policy was "looke d upon as anything but disinterested." Mr . Dillo n further said:

"Unhappil y this conviction was subsequently strengthened by certain of the measures decreed by the Supreme Council between Apri l and the close of the Conference. Th e misgivings of other delegates turned upon a matter which at first sight may appear so far removed from any of the pressing issues of the twentieth century as to seem wholly imaginary . The y feared that a religious — some would call it racial — bias lay at the root of Mr . Wilson' s policy. It may seem amazing to some readers, but it is none the less a fact, that a considerable number of delegates believed that the real influences behind the Anglo-Saxo n peoples were Semitic.

"The y confronted the President's proposal on the subject of religious inequality, and, in particular , the odd motive alleged for it, with the measures for the protection of minorities which he subsequently imposed on the lesser states, and which h ad for thei r keynote to satisfy the Jewish elements in eastern Europe . An d they concluded that the sequence of expedients framed and enforced in this direction were inspired by the Jews , assembled in Pari s for the purpose of realizing their carefully thought-out program, which they succeeded in havi ng substantially executed. Howeve r right or wron g these delegates may have been, it would be a dangerous mistake to ignore thei r views , seeing that they have since become one of the permanent elements of the situation. Th e formul a into which this policy was thrown by the members of the Confer ence, whose countries it affected, and who regarded it as "fatal to the peace of eastern Europe , was this : ' Henceforth the worl d wil l be governed by the Anglo-Saxo n peoples, who, in turn, are swayed by thei r Jewish elements.' " (Page s 496, 497.)

M r . Dillo n emphasizes that the Jewish demands for special national privileges were largely fomented by western Jews , including those of the Unite d States. He even states that among the many Jews who were present at the Pari s Peace Conference "th e largest and most brilliant contingent was sent by the Unite d States." (Pag e 12.) Accordin g to this author, "Thei r principal mission, with which every fair minded man sympathized heartily, was to secure for thei r kindred in Eastern Europe rights equal to those of the populations in whose midst they reside. An d to the credit of the Poles , Rumanians , and Russians , who were to be constrained

to remove all the existing disabilities, they enfranchised the Hebrew elements spontaneously. Bu t the western Jews who championed their eastern brothers, proceeded to demand a further concession which many of their own co-religionists hastened to disclaim as dangerous — a kin d of autonomy which Roumanian, Polish and Russian statesmen, as well as many of their Jewish fellow-subjects, regarded as tantamount to the creation of a state within a state." (Pag e 13.)

T he treaties imposed by the Allie s upon Poland, Rumania , Czecho-Slovakia, Jugo-Slavi a and Greece granted all, or nearly all the demands of the Jews contained in the above "Bil l o f Rights, " whil e Austri a and Hungar y gave pledges in thei r treaties with the Allie d and Associated Powers , that they would protect "minorit y rights " in the same general way defined in the treaties with the other five powers.

These treaties, as Mr . Dillo n correctly points out, go much further than to guarantee to the Jews residing in these several countries full political equality with other citizens, and freedom from persecution or discrimination on account of race or religion. No t only did the treaties contain such guar antees,— which, Mr . Dillo n states, the small powers in question were quite willin g to give, — but they contained a principle new to international law, viz . that a racial minorit y should be treated in various relations as a separate entity within the State, with separate rights of its own, which it is permitted to enforce against the national government. An illustration of this new principle is found in certain articles of the treaty with Poland relating to educational matters. By these articles the Polish State is actually compelled to permit the Jews , in towns and districts where they constitute "a considerable proportion " of the population, to administer primar y education in thei r own language in the Jewish schools, supported by an allocated part of the state funds. Th e articles of the treaty which create this extraordinar y "minorit y right " are quoted *verbatim* below. Th e two articles must be read together and compared with each other to brin g out thei r full meaning.

#### "ARTICL E 9

"Polan d wil l provide in the public educational system in towns and districts in which a considerable proportion of Polish nationals of other than Polish speech are residents

adequate facilities for ensuring that in the primar y schools the instruction shall be given to the children of such nationals through the medium of thei r own language. Thi s provision shall not prevent the Polish Government from making the teaching of the Polish language obligatory in the said schools.

" I n towns and districts where there is a considerable proportion of Polish nationals belonging to racial, religious or linguisti c minorities , these minorities shall be assured an equitable share in the enjoyment and application of the sums which may be provided out of the public funds under the State, municipal or other budget, for educational, religious or charitable purposes.

"Th e provision of this article shall apply to Polish citizens of German speech only in that part of Poland which was German territory on Augus t 1, 1914.

#### "ARTICL E 1 0

"Educationa l Committees appointed locally by the Jewish Committees of Poland will , subject to the general control of the State, provide for the distribution of the proportional share of the public funds allocated to the Jewish schools in accordance with Articl e 9, and for the organization and management of these schools.

"Th e provisions of Articl e 9 concerning the use of languages in schools shall apply to these schools."

In some central European countries the Jews took prompt advantage of the favorable feeling created in Pari s by the Jewish leaders towards the Jewish national demands. Thus , f or instance, in Ukraini a a special ministr y for Jewish affairs was established, headed by Krasn y Pinhoos , a Jew. Accord i n g to information contained in an editorial article in the *New Witness* of Apri l 11, 1919, the new minister of the Jews "tol d a press representative that the Jews take part in the spiritual and social life of the Ukrain e under conditions of equality with those of the rest of the population, but that in affairs appertaining to the Jewish community they would govern themselves."

T he *New Witness* made a rather peculiar deduction from the above statement of Mr . Pinhoos :

"Bu t it is anyhow a good thing that in one country at least the Jewish race should be regarded and should consent to be

regarded as something different and separate. We presume that as soon as the Jewish State in Palestine is established, Mr . Pinhoos wil l change his title to that of Jewish Ambassador . M r . Pinhoos hopes that before long there wil l be many other such ministries established, but while Isaacs and Mon d can govern England and dictate to the Peace Conference, there is not much hope that they wil l desire to rule the affairs of Whitechapel. "

M r . Israel Zangwill , in a recent address at the Poale Zio n Conference in London , went a step further when he stated that the race which produced "a Beaconsfield, a Reading , a Montagu , a Klotz , a Kur t Eisner , a Trotzky " should be represented as an independent member of the League of Nations . (See Mr . Zangwill' s statement in *The Jewish Chronicle,* February 27, 1920, No . 2656, p. 28.)

In view of the adoption of this policy by the Jews in Paris , Americans are justified in ascertaining just what is the position of the America n Jewr y with respect to enforcing such a program here. Ou r Constitution knows no such thing as foreign national rights enjoyed by persons who at the same time enjoy the privileges of American citizens. A subject of a foreign nationality when he becomes an America n citizen renounces his former allegiance, and it is upon this condition only that he becomes a member of our body politic.

Nevertheless in the Unite d States itself, where the Jews enjoy an absolute equality of rights with all other citizens, the y have recently endeavored to build up an institution which is entirely opposed to the spirit of the America n Constitution, namely, a special Jewish court which tries cases pertaining only to the Jews . Thi s institution is known as "Th e Jewish Cour t of Arbitration " and holds its sessions in one of the Municipa l Cour t rooms in Ne w Yor k City . Thi s fact was briefly recorded by the Ne w Yor k *Times* in its issue of February 19, 1920, in an article under the title, "Jew s Her e Star t Moder n Sanhedrin. " Whil e this significant fact may have passed almost unnoticed by the America n public, nevertheless it has already attracted attention in France.

It is unthinkable to any America n brought up under a system of government which has provided a check against the oppression of minorities by the majority, that special right s should be granted to any of the ethnic elements of our population, such as the Jews , the Chinese, the Negroes , or any other

racial group, or that any of these groups should by virtue of such special rights diminish our sovereignty by a treaty provision similar to Articl e XI I of the special treaty with Poland. By this article Polan d agreed that any member of the Council of the League of Nations should have the right to brin g to the attention of the Council any infraction *or any danger of infraction* of any of these obligations (the national right s of the Jews), and that the Council may thereupon take such action and give such directions as it may deem proper and effective in the circumstances. 1

T h e whole question of Jewish double national rights is of the utmost importance, since the recognized Zionis t leaders and the international Zionis t organizations have on various occasions strongly urged the adoption of such double rights. Such rights and privileges for the Jews indeed are more than "nationa l rights" ; they are in one sense international rights common to Jews livin g in different countries. In other words , under such a system they would enjoy both the rights of citizenship of the particular country in which they live, and in addition, special privileges granted to them alone. Th e granti n g of such privileges to the Jews would constitute a series of international rights conferred exclusively upon the Jewish

Th e full text of Articl e 12 of the Treaty between the Allie d and Associated Power s and Poland is the following :

"Polan d agrees that the stipulations in the foregoing Articles , so far as they affect persons belonging to racial, religious or linguistic minorities, constitute obligations of international concern and shall be placed under the guarantee of the League of Nations . The y shall not be modified without the assent of the majority of the Council of the League of Nations . The United States, the British Empire , France, Italy and Japan hereby agree not to withhold their assent from any modification in these Article s which is in due form assented to by a majority of the Council of the League of Nations .

"Polan d agrees that any member of the Council of the League of Nations shall have the right to bring to the attention of the Council any infraction of the Council, or any danger of infraction of any of these obligations, and that the Council may thereupon take such action as it may deem effective in the circumstances.

"Polan d further agrees that any difference of opinion as to questions of law or fact arising out of these Article s between the Polish Government and any one of the Principa l Allie d and Associated Powers , or any other power, a member of the Council of the League of Na tions, shall be held to be a dispute of an international character under Articl e 14 of the Covenant of the League of Nations . The Polish Government hereby consents that any such dispute shall, if the other party thereto demands, be referred to the Permanent Cour t of International Justice. The decision of the Permanent Cour t shall be final and shall have the same force and effect as an award under Articl e 13 of the Covenant. "

race. Th e Protocol s of the Zionis t Me n of Wisdo m contemplate this ver y thing in the following language :

"The n our international right s wil l sweep away the national rights in a limited sense and wil l rule countries in the same manner as the civil power of each state regulates the relationship of its subjects among themselves." (Protoco l No . II.)

It is a question to what extent the demands for Jewish minorit y rights in eastern European states may be a part of the general Zionis t movement. To this movement little attention can be given in this volume. It is sufficient to quote a portion of an article published in the Ne w Yor k *Globe* on Januar y 25, 1919, under the title "Wan t Brandei s to Gover n Judea. " The staff correspondent of the Ne w Yor k *Globe* and Chicago *Daily News* in London , under date of December 31, 1918, refers to the Zionis t movement and the exposition of its objects and purposes by one of its leaders, Ittimar Ben Avi :

" I f the plans and ambitions of the recently proclaimed nation of Judea are fulfilled, Loui s Brandeis , now Justice of the Unite d States Supreme Court, wil l be the first of the new rulers of Israel. The dream of the renationalization of Palestine which has lived for 2,000 years in the hearts of the Jews is fast entering the realm of reality. Judea is sending its delegates to the peace conference. Its existence as a nation has been recognized by the allies, its declaration of independence has been signed and its diplomats and politicians are already busy moulding the future of its institutions.

"Ittima r Ben Av i is the first of its peace delegates to reach London . An impassioned idealist who already visions Jude a enrolled among the great powers of the world , i s Ben Avi . B ut his idealism and his oratorical agitations on behalf of Judea have not impaired his worth as a diplomat.

#### UNDE R BRITIS H TRUSTEESHI P

" 'Israe l cannot leap to its feet, full grown and capable,' he explained. 'It has been scattered and dormant too long. As delegate to the peace conference, I am to outline the demands of the new Judea. The first and most important of these is the political desire of the new Hebre w nation. We desire a British trusteeship for a period of twenty-five years. We do not want to establish a parliament or congress in Judea for at least twenty-five years. The British have emancipated us from the Turk . Great Britain is more capable of governing or overseeing Palestine as a colony than any one other country.

" 'I f the Englis h wil l agree to this our plan then includes the appointment by Englan d of a Zionis t as governor-general

of Judea. It is more or less known among Zionist s that Mr . Justice Brandei s is the most logical man now livin g for the position of governor-general. Unde r him there should be two sub-governors — one a Christian and the other a Moslem. Both should be appointed by England . We also intend to have attorney generals for the various provinces and mayor s for the various communities in Palestine. These are to be elected by the people.

" 'Afte r twenty-five years Jude a may be in position to govern herself. As a totally independent nation and part of an entente including Armeni a and Arabia , Jude a would be a powerful asset to the western worl d not only as a producer of culture and a contributor to the world's markets, but as a military barrier against any power seeking to control the Suez Canal.'

#### "OUTNUMBERE D B Y OTHER S

"Be n Avi' s desire for a British over-lordship i s inspired by the fact that were Palestine to proclaim a complete independence to-day and seek by popular vote to elect its own ruler , the Mosle m and Christian peoples living there would outnumber and outvote the Hebre w population. Th e result would be a nation in which the Jews were in the minority . By England' s recognition of Jude a as a Jewish nation and givin g its Mos lems and Christians representation through sub-governor generals, the Zionist s are confident that thei r dreams wil l be most practically fulfilled.

"Th e history of Palestine's struggle towards renationalizing of the Jewish race is comparatively recent. Beginnin g some forty years ago with the agitation of a handful of idealists, the movement expanded slowly. Great effort to repopulate Palestine with Jews drawn from Russi a for the most part met with indifferent success. In the face of ridicul e and protest from their own race, the Jews of England , the Unite d States, France , Russi a and Germany, acting as an intensive minority , pursued thei r dream. "

#### RADICA L AN D REVOLUTIONAR Y ACTIVITIE S O F TH E JEW S I N VARIOU S COUNTRIE S

3. Th e strategy of stirring up class hatred in Christian nations, and the encouragement of revolutionary radicalism to that end, which has such a prominent place in the Proto cols, finds corroboration in the very prominent part which, in recent times, the Jews have been taking in the radical and revolutionary movement in many parts of the world , including Hungary , Germany , Holland , Poland, the Unite d States, and certain South America n states.

T he predominant influence of the Jews in the Bolshevist movement throughout the world is a question which is publicly discussed in the European press. The Budapest correspondent of the *London Times* some time ago stated:

"Hungar y is being terrorized by Jewish agitators. " *(American Jewish News,* Ma y 2, 1919.)

Charges of this kin d have appeared in the press in many European countries. In this connection we call the attention of the reader to an article of the *Morning Post,* entitled "A n Insult to Poland, " Augus t 30, 1919. In this article, among other things, the following is stated:

" I t i s unfortunately true that Bolshevism i s very largely a Jewish movement. In Russi a the Jewish Bolsheviks have taken a terrible revenge upon all whom they regarded as enemies, and also upon all who protected the Russian peasantry against the exactions of the Jewish usurers. "

Thi s article closes with the following sentence:

"An d we warn Jews also, not for the first time. The y are showing themselves not Englishmen of the Jewish faith, as we used to consider them, but a nation with a foreign policy of their own — and that policy hostile to the friends of Eng land. An d that i s what in the end Englishmen wil l not stand. "

T h e three following documents are also of importance :

- *(a)* An editorial article which appeared in the Londo n *Morning Post* on Apri l 8, 1919, entitled "Bolsterin g the Bolshevik. "
- *(b)* A letter signed by Lione l Rothschild and nine other well-known British Jews to the editor of the Londo n *Morning Post,* which practically justifies the stand that was taken by that paper.
- *(c)* Comment on the two above-mentioned documents published in the *American Jewish News* on Ma y 2, 1919.

We set forth in full these three documents.

#### ( a ) *"Bolstering the Bolshevik*

"Th e news fro m Russi a fluctuates from day to day. It i s now reported that the situation on the Murmans k Coast has somewhat improved ; but the situation in Archange l is obviously critical. Ou r soldiers have driven off formidable attacks ; but the fighting is close and desperate. Fro m South Russi a the Bolsheviks reported that Odessa had been captured, and although we may hope that if this is true the Allie d forces

were safely evacuated, there remains a terrible anxiety as to the fate which may have overtaken our devoted friends in South Russia . Fo r these critical situations we do not blame the Wa r Office; but we do blame Allie d policy which has trifled with the whole situation and has alternated between large promises to our Allie s and obsequious approaches to our enemies. We are informed that although the anti-Bolshevis t Armie s in Russi a have been promised arms and supplies in abundance, what they have actually received has been contemptible. Th e result is that they are fighting almost naked and in many cases without arms. We may be certain both our soldiers and our allies in Russi a are putting up a brave and desperate fight for thei r lives and their cause, but in these cir cumstances they must feel that they have been forgotten, if not betrayed, by those upon whom they looked for support. A n d so it i s in Poland. We hear from trustworthy sources that the spirit of the Poles is magnificent. The y are ready to become a strong and trusty support of the Allie s upon the eastern borders of Germany ; but they ask in vain for munitions , supplies and raw materials, and they see their vital communica tions with the Balti c left in the hands of their enemy and ours.

"Polan d and Russi a are one problem in this sense. We must support our friends if we are to defeat the Bolsheviks , a nd their secret abettors the Germans . Fo r it is certain in that while Germany consistently suppresses Bolshevism in Ger many she encourages it in Poland and Russia. Bu t we are not supporting our friends. We promised them supplies which d id not arrive, and political support which breaks down before German opposition. Wha t is the reason of it? We notice that the *Daily Herald* and the *Daily News* are persistently telling the people of this country that we are fighting Bolshevism in obedience to the pressure of the capitalists. No w that is a lie. We are fighting Bolshevism in opposition to a ver y strong group of German-Jewish and Russian-Jewish capitalists, who are secretly workin g for the Bolshevist cause. Mr . Lansin g may or may not be aware of the fact, but he is helping as corrupt a group of international financiers as ever lived. An d the object of that group is to support Bolshevism in Russi a in order to make a deal with the Bolsheviks . We have mentioned several times the disagreeable fact that the Russian Bolsheviks were Russian Jews . These Jews are at the present moment in control of the Russian Government and they have powerful friends in all the Allie d countries who are helping them. We have appealed to the Britis h Jews , but appealed so far in vain, to dissociate themselves formally from a cause which is doing the Jewish people terrible harm in all parts of the world. In reply the Jewish press shower upon us not only abuse but threats. Thus , for example, the *Jewish World* threatens us with the fate of Mordecai : '. . . we wish it no harm, but we

woul d beg it to recollect,' so it says, ' *while yet it has its feet upon the earth,* the fate of its anti-Jewish forbear in that narrative, in the hope that it may mend its ways betimes.'

" W e are aware of the significance of that threat. We fully understand what it means, and the secret Allie s upon who m the *Jewish World* reckons when it makes it. We saw them at wor k in Glasgow and Belfast. We see them at wor k now in Budapest, where, it is reported, out of thirt y members of the Bolshevik Soviet, twenty-six are Jews. We understand the threat, but we do not propose to be deterred in our duty to the British public by the terrorist methods of the Bolsheviks . An d we suggest to the Britis h Jewish community — most of whom, we believe, are by no means in sympathy with this crusade that they are being served very badly in their newspapers, which openly threaten Bolshevik methods and scoff at advice which is tendered in a friendly spirit. In secret, we feel certain, the majority of the Britis h Jews distrust and dislike the fanatics who are now leading Jewr y astray in the cause of a spurious Jewish Imperialism. But they are afraid to dissociate themselves publicly from the dervishes of Judaism. In the meantime these powerful influences are at wor k in every country, and chiefly in Paris , where they are workin g power fully against the cause of Poland. An unseen hand is at this present time stifling the infant Poland in its cradle, and this is being done in the interests of German-Jewish Capitalism. It is a conspiracy which is assisted by so-called Libera l newspapers like the *Daily News,* and so-called Labo r newspapers like the *Daily World;* but it is a conspiracy, nevertheless, which is directed against the cause of liberty in Poland and in the interests of alien Capitalism. Fo r it remains true that our labor agitators, while they are the enemies of Britis h Capital, contrive to be the friends of the Capitalism of the enemies of England . Mr . Lloy d George and President Wilson—thos e champions of liberty — also appear to be more susceptible to the influence of an alien capitalism than to the cry for freed om of long enchained Poland. We ask our readers, who remember the traditional friendship of Englan d with the Polish cause, to mark the note of anguish in Mr . Paderewski' s statement which we publish this morning . He speaks — and he speaks trul y — of 'the bitterness of the disappointment of the Polish population,' but it is not only the Polish population that is disappointed by the great Danzi g betrayal. Ever y student of Allie d interests must see that, whereas a strong Poland might be a bulwar k against both German militarism and Rus sian Bolshevism, a weak Poland must be the vassal of one and the victim of the other. As to the economic side of the question, British commerce may bid farewell to all hope of a connection in Poland if it leaves Poland in such a situation as to be the enforced dependent of Germany. "

*(b) "Bolshevism and Jewry — a Repudiation*

LONDO N MORNIN G POST , Apri l 23rd, 1919.

" T o TH E EDITO R O F TH E MORNIN G POST: —

We have read with deepest concern and with sincere regret certain articles which have recently appeared in two closely associated Jewish newspapers in this country on the topic of Bolshevism and its ideals. In our opinion, the publication of these articles can have no other effect than to encourage the adoption of the theoretic principles of Russian Bolsheviks among foreign Jews who have sought and found refuge in England . We welcome, accordingly, your suggestion that British Jews should 'dissociate themselves from a cause which is doing the Jewish people harm in all parts of the world. ' Thi s is profoundl y true, and we, on our behalf and on behalf of numbers of Britis h Jews with whom we have conferred, desire to dissociate ourselves absolutely and unreservedly from the mischievous and misleading doctrines which those articles are calculated to disseminate. We repudiate them as dangerous in themselves and as false to the tenets and teachings of Judaism.

Partl y in order to counteract the mistaken policy of the newspapers referred to, the League of British Jews was founded in November , 1917. Th e proceedings and views of the League are published in a monthly bulletin, entitled *Jewish Opinion,* which can be obtained at the office of the League, 708-709 Salisbury House , E.C . 2, and which may eventually be merged in a larger journa l appearing at more frequent intervals. Fo r we thoroughly concur with your criticism that 'the British Jewish community, most of whom,' as you rightl y say, 'ar e by no means in sympathy with this (Nationalist) crusade, are being served very badly by thei r newspapers.' Meantime we take this opportunity of repudiating in public the particul ar statements in those newspapers to which you have felt it your duty to call attention.

> Yours , etc., LIONE L D E ROTHSCHIL D SWAYTHLIN G PHILI P MAGNU S MARCU S SAMUE L HARR Y S . SAMUE L LEONAR D L . COHE N I. GOLLANC Z JOH N MONAS H CLAUD E G . MONTEFIOR E ISIDOR E SPIELMANN. "

*(c) "Prominent London Jews justify anti-Semitic Attack* "Genera l Monash , Rothschild and Montefiore Figur e in Agitation .

" I n reply to a recent article in the Londo n *Morning Post,* in which the editor accused the Jews as being Bolsheviks , a letter justifying the stand of the *Post* in the matter was sent to that paper and signed by Baron Lione l Rothschild, Lor d Swaythling , Si r Magnus , Si r Marcu s Samuel, Si r Harr y Samuel, General Monash , Si r Isidore Spielmann, Claude Mon tefiore, Leonard Cohen and Professor Galantz .

" A s a result of this letter, a self-sanctifying leading editorial appeared in the *Post,* which cried out in virtuous indignation against all those who had previously questioned that the majorit y of the Jews are Bolsheviks . Th e letter, coming as it has, at a time when the anti-Semitic pot is boiling in London , has a peculiarly unfortunate effect. The opinion of Londo n Jewr y towards these ten men they consider have betrayed them, may best be left to the imagination. "

It is significant that the feeling that the Jews are largely instrumental in promoting Bolshevism and radicalism in genera l is by no means confined to England . The Ne w Yor k *World* published on January 26, 1919, a cable from Buenos Aire s entitled "Argentin a Deport s Fourteen Hundre d Bolshevists." The cable reads as follows :

*"Buenos Aires, January 25.*— Fourteen hundred prisoners, charged with Bolshevis t activities, are on board a cruiser here awaiting deportation, according to Secret Service Men . *The majority of them are Russian Jews.* Some Spaniards are among the number. "

In the same connection the Ne w Yor k *Tribune,* on Jan uar y 24, 1919, reported that in Buenos Aire s posters were put up in which the Russian Jews were blamed "fo r the recent outbreaks, as well as the anarchistic outbreak in 1910," and it was demanded that "th e government rid the nation of this Jewish pest."

In the issue of *The Review* of Marc h 13, 1920, an article was published entitled "Bolshevis m in Holland. " Th e article gives a brief description of the Bolshevist movement in Hol land. It also gives the names of the most prominent leaders of the Bolshevist movement in that country. In part the article reads as follows :

"Firs t among these i s Mr . Davi d Wijnkoop , *an Amsterdam Jew,* of a fiery, impetuous temperament, a great orator with

a strong hold on the masses. He is the Dutch counterpart of his Russian comrade Trotzky , whom he resembles even in outward appearance, and a faithful henchman of his Mosco w *alter ego* in the spreading of the latter's international propa ganda. "

It is a well-known fact that in Hungary , during the Bolshe vist revolution of 1919, Bela Kun , whose real name is Cohen, a Jew, became the dictator. It was often reported in various papers that out of the thirty-one Soviet officials in Hungar y twenty-six were Jews .

In Austri a revolutionary attempts were made to set up a Bolshevist government, and the two brothers Alder , as well as Friedric h Adler , all of whom are Jews , were the leading spirits of the Bolshevis t revolutionary propaganda in that country.

In Germany the first Spartacan revolt was almost exclusively under the control of Jews . Amon g others were : Ros a Luxemburg , Clar a Zetkin, Radek (whose real name i s Sobelsohn), Eugene Levine , Muscham .

In the recent attempt to overthrow the Eber t Government a nd set up a Bolshevist Republic , almost all of the leaders in Berli n were Jews . Th e Ne w Yor k *Sun,* under date of Marc h 18, 1920, gives the names of the Communis t leaders w ho attempted to overthrow the government as follows : Colin , Daumig , Newmann , Dr . von Kahn , Kur t Bever , Levy .

As to the Unite d States the following should be stated:

Whil e it is a generally recognized fact that the Socialist, Communist, Radical, I. W. W. , and Bolshevist movements are largely recruited from the foreign-born population of various nationalities, nevertheless it can scarcely be denied that the moving spirit of the destructive revolutionary propa ganda i s largely Jewish and fomented by Jews . Thus , for instance, the notorious "Russian " Soviet Bureau, headed by Ludwi g C. A. K. Martens , a German, was almost exclusively composed of Jews . Thos e who were in charge of responsible departments in the Bureau were as follows :

Abraha m Helle r . . . . Nuortev a Manage r of the Commercia l Department Whos e real name is said to be Neuberger , Manage r of the Propaganda Department

Gregor y Weinstein . . . General Office Manage r Morri s Hillquit ) .. . Counselor s a t law for the So - Charles Recht ) viet Bureau

A l l of the five Socialists who were recently ousted from the Assembl y of the state of Ne w Yor k by an overwhelming vote were Jews. Thei r names are : Loui s Waldman , Augus t Clas sens, Samuel A. de Witt , Samue l Orr , and Charles Solomon. Durin g the trial of these men one of the most sensational pieces of evidence introduced by the state to show that the Socialist Party advocated the overthrow of the government by violence and revolution, was a book published in Yiddis h by the Jewish Socialis t Federation of America . Thi s federation is a part of the Socialist Party . Th e official report of the Judiciar y Committee of the Assembly of the State of Ne w Yor k remarks that in the book published in Yiddish , the prin ciples of Socialism, "wer e not camouflaged, as they frequently are in English " (page 31). The book in question typifies the extreme of revolutionary Socialism in the Unite d States. We quote some of the more striking passages:

"Workingme n cannot depend on '*peaceful* evolution' ; they must prepare for a revolution, and class-dictatorship" (page 207).

"Th e Socialist movement rouses the workingmen to revolution ; it preaches to them class-struggle, awakens within them class-consciousness, makes all necessary preparations for a Socialistic order. Whe n society is ready for the overturn, when the Socialist organization feels that the moment has come, it wil l make the revolution. To predict when and how this should be done is impossible. Thi s is a thing which must be determined separately in every country, because the circumstances in every country are different. No sooner than the revolution is made, however , the first aim of the Socialists must be to seize the government, the state, by whatever means they can succeed in doing this with and then thei r rule must establish the dictatorship of the Proletariat.

"Thi s dictatorship wil l be employed for one thing , *to eliminate capitalism by force, take away by force the capital from private owners* and transfer it to the ownership of the community. "

"Socialist s seek to be elected into the government principally for the sake of propaganda. "

" T o the Socialist at present, the meaning of class struggle, *Internationale, and dictatorship of the Proletariat must be clear. He must understand that Socialism is not a reform*

*movement. He must know that Socialism is a Revolutionary world-perspective, and that the Socialist movement is a Revolutionary movement."*

T he radical periodicals published in this country in Russian are almost entirely managed and completely controlled by Jews . Fo r instance, the *Russki Golos* has an editorial staff composed of four men, all of whom are Jews , namely, Wein baum, Zvesdichiy, Sokolov, Gisenkin. The official organ of the Russian Communis t Branch of the America n Communis t Party , the *Novy Mir,* is edited by two Jews , namely, N. Hour witch, and Stoklitzky . The Bolshevist weekly, *Pravda,* is edited by two Jews , namely, Finkelstein and Weinstein. The Ukrainia n Bolshevist tri-weekly publication, *Robitnik,* is published by a Jew, K. Pitlar . At the same time, even leaving out the well-known Yiddis h publication *The Jewish Daily Forward,* with pronounced pro-Bolshevis t tendencies, the new Anarchisti c periodical, *The Communist World,* published in English , has the following men on its editorial staff, all of whom are Jews :

Maximilia n Cohen Edito r B. D. Wolf e Associate Edito r George Ashkenouz i Business Manage r H . Winitsk y Executiv e Secretary

Winitsk y was recently convicted of crimina l anarchy in the N e w Yor k Courts .

Again , with the recently founded Communis t Part y of America , the rôle of the Jew is very important, inasmuch as its founder is Loui s Fraina , an Italian Jew. Example s of this kin d could be multiplied almost indefinitely. Fo r this reason we must content ourselves with a reference to an article published in the Ne w Yor k *Call.* Thi s is the official organ of the Socialist Part y of America , which is issued under the motto:

"Worker s of the world, unite ! Yo u have nothing to lose but your chains, and a world to gain. "

T h e president of this publication is S. Block, a Jew. The article in question, entitled "Chicag o Worker s Plan Bi g Ma y D a y Demonstrations, " deals with the arrangements for the M a y Da y Parade of the Chicago radical labor organizations in 1919. It enumerates some of the organizations

which were represented in the conference which planned the demonstrations :

" Joint Board, Cloak Makers ' Union . 1 1 branchers of the Workmen' s Circle . Milliner y Workers , Loca l Union , 47 . Northwes t Side Jewish Socialist Branch. T he Hebre w Trades . T he Brushmakers ' Union . T h e 13th War d Jewish Socialis t Branch. T he Kar l Mar x Jewish Socialist Branch. Yipse l Jewish Socialist Branches 1 and 4. Carpenters' Union , Loca l 504. Wes t Side Jewish Socialist Campaign Conference. T he Northwes t Side Jewish Socialist Campaign Conference. T he 15th War d Campaign Committee. Wes t Side Jewish Socialist Branch. Amalgamated Loca l Union , 39. Wais t Makers ' Union , 100. International Ladies ' Garment Workers ' Union . Bakers ' Union , 237. Capmakers ' Union , Loca l 5. Youn g People's Progressive Dramati c Club. Cit y Central Committee, Jewish Socialist Branches . Cit y Central Committee, Workmen' s Circle . Douglas Par k Jewis h Socialist Branch" .

Indeed, it can scarcely be denied that the Jewish labor or ganizations as enumerated by this Socialist publication itself were in complete control of the whole Ma y Da y parade in one of the biggest cities in the Unite d States.

O ne more fact of importance which should be mentioned is that four Anarchists , who were convicted and sentenced to terms of twenty years by the Unite d States Distric t Cour t for the Southern Distric t of Ne w York , were Jews. Thei r names are : Jacob Abrams , Samue l Lippman , Hyma n Lachow sky, Molli e Stimer .

Finally , we refer to the well-known activities of Emm a Goldman and Alexande r Berkman, both of whom are Jews , and w ho were deported on the Soviet Ar k "Buford. "

Of course, it is significant that the radical labor movement is largely controlled by Jewish internationalists, but still mor e significant appears the fact that recently several rabbis have taken a definite stand in support of the Re d movement. We shall refer here to two instances. On October 25, 1919, the

N e w Yor k *Tribune* stated that Rabbi Judah L. Magne s had publicly announced that "he was a Bolshevik and in full sympathy with thei r doctrines and ideals." Th e article referred to i s entitled "Bolshevi k Tal k Forces Magne s Out. " Therein it is revealed that on account of his public announcement that he was in full sympathy with Trotzky , Rabbi Magne s was forced to resign from the American Jewish Committee. It is important to bear in mind that at that time Rabbi Magne s was one of the most honored members of the Jewish community. Rabb i Magne s was deputed in 1916 to represent in Europe the America n Jewish Relie f organization, The Joint Distribution Committee, which, among other activities, solicited and distributed money and supplies to the Jews in territories occupied by the Central Powers . Wheneve r there is a great mass meeting Rabbi Magne s appears as the chief Spokesman on behalf of the Jews in Ne w Yor k City , as has happened several times since his expulsion from the American Jewish Committee. Rabb i Magne s was one of the founders of the People's Council, which was dissolved by the Unite d States Government during the war . Her e is a tentative enumeration of Rabb i Magnes' s activities as stated in the *Tribune* article above referred to :

"Dr . Magne s was one of the organizers of the American-Jewish Committee which has been engaged in philanthropi c work among the Jews for the last fifteen years. Mos t of the wor k of the committee was confined to countries where the people were oppressed. Dr . Magne s has held many important posts and at one time was Rabbi of the Templ e Emanu-El . Shortly after we entered the wa r he became a strong pacifist and was active in the People's Council.

"Ther e was a movement started on the Eas t Side early in the summer to make Dr . Magne s the Socialist candidate for Congress. The persons who attempted this move are now supporting Congressman Londo n for reëlection. Dr . Magne s is chairman of the America n Jewish Kehillah. "

T he other instance is that of Rabbi Maxwel l Silve r of Templ e Shaar i Zedek, Brooklyn, who, on Januar y 8, 1920, was ousted by his congregation early in January, 1920, because of alleged radical utterances. "I t was charged that he drew class lines and spoke of the rich as oppressors." (See Ne w Yor k *Times,* Januar y 8, 1920.) Thi s fact alone might not be of great importance, but the action of the Ne w Yor k Associa-

tion of Reformed Rabbis , as reported in the Ne w Yor k daily press, is significant:

"Afte r the dismissal of Rabb i Maxwel l Silver , of Congre gation Shaar i Zedek, of Brooklyn , the Ne w Yor k Associa tion of Reformed Rabbi s undertook the mediation of the trouble between the congregation and the Rabbi, and as a result pointed out that the whole difficulty was due to an *unfortunate misunderstanding.* Thereupon the trustees decided to recommend the reinstatement of Rabbi Silver , and we are happy to state that such reinstatement was ratified by the congregation after a special meeting last night. By a special resolution the Ne w Yor k Association of Reforme d Rabbi s expresses its confidence in the worthiness of Rabbi Silve r and also in the good intentions of the Congregation Shaar i Zedek to serve the cause of Israel. "

It is also a peculiar fact to consider that certain powerful Jewish bankers were instrumental and active in spreading Bolshevism, which now threatens the whole world. In this connection we refer the reader to one of the "Sisso n Docu ments," published by the Unite d States Government in 1917 under the title "Germa n Bolshevis t Conspiracy" :

On September 21, 1917, one of the leading German Spartacan leaders, a Jew, by name of Furstenberg, wrote a letter to a Bolshevist by the name of Raphae l Scholan, who became later one of the Bolshevis t commissaries in Soviet Russia , as follows :

STOCKHOLM , Sept. 21, 1917.

" T o MR . RAPHAE L SCHOLAN , Haparanda .

DEA R COMRADE :

T he banking house, M. Warburg , opened an account fo r the enterprise of Comrade Trotzky , upon receipt of a telegram from the Chairman of the ' Rhein-Westphalian Syndicate.' A lawyer, probably Mr . Kestroff, obtained ammunition and organized the transportation of same, together with that of the money, to Lule a and Vardo , the firm of Essen & Son, Lulea , as to the consignee and the confidential persons to whom the sum demanded by Comrade Trotzk y is to be handed. Fraterna l greetings !

(sgd) FURSTENBERG. "

Rumor s that international Jewish financiers have been supporting the Bolshevik i in Russi a are persistent.

W h o are the international financiers? Perhaps the answer is to be found in the following cable dispatch of the Wolff Agenc y on the German situation in 1919, published by *La Vieille France* in the issue of Februar y 13, 1919:

"Th e deputy Hyeman n has revealed the curious fact: Th e Bolshevis t movement is supported by financiers. Th e banker, Bleichroeder , has contributed two millions to the *Extremist Journal."*

It is of course known that Bleichroeder is one of the most powerful Jewish financier s in Germany.

It wil l be remembered that the Protocol s bring out very distinctly two ideas, namely, economic and social dissensions of a ll kinds , including anarchism and communism and also a *world war.*

In a recently published book which has created much in terest, entitled "Th e Inside Stor y of Austro-German Intrigue, " by Joseph Goričar and Lyma n Beecher Stowe, the authors advanced the theory that Jewish bankers have durin g the last century played an important rôle in European wa r conspiracies. Mr . Goričar was, durin g the early part of the late war , Austro-Hungaria n Consul in Berlin. We refer to one of the most important passages in the book bearing upon the subject:

"Th e pro-war bankers of 1854 as well as those of 1914 originated in the Semiti c banking center of Frankfort-on-the - Mai n in Germany , the birthplace of the Bethmann-Hollwegs , the Goldschmidts , the Seligmans , Jacob Schiff, 1 and the Roths childs.

It has been stated by one of the leaders of Zionism, namely, Israel Zangwill, author of "Th e Children of the Ghetto," that Mr . Jacob Schiff financed "th e Japanese war against Russia. " Thi s statement is made in a pamphlet entitled "Th e Problems of the Jewish Race," p. 14, published by the Judean Publishing Company, Ne w Yor k City .

In its report of a Socialis t meeting held in Carnegie Hal l on Marc h 23, 1917, to celebrate the revolution in Russia, the Ne w Yor k *Times* on Marc h 24, 1917, says:

" A n authority on Russian affairs, George Kennan, told of how a movement by the Society of the Friends of Russian Freedom, financed by Jacob Schiff, had at the time of the Russo-Japanese wa r spread among 50,000 Russian officers and men in Japanese prison camps the gospel of the Russian revolutionists. "

T he Jewish character of the first Russian revolution was strongly emphasized in a report presented to the Empero r of Russia, Nicholas II, by the Russian Foreign Minister , Count Lamsdorf, on Januar y 3, 1906, published in full in English translation in "Th e American Hebrew and Jewish Messenger," in its issue of Jul y 13, 1918. Therein it is stated that a very considerable part in the revolutionary activities was played by the Jews, "wh o individually, as ringleaders in other organizations.

"Al l the vast wealth of the banking house of the Roths childs, amounting at the beginning of the wa r to some twenty billion francs, was made chiefly in wa r operations, wa r financing. Th e Rothschild brothers of the Central Empire s have in fact sometimes financed simultaneously riva l groups of belligerents.

"Frankfort-on-the-Mai n is, and has been for more than a hundred years, the chief source of financial backing for wars. Kings , emperors, and wa r minister s have had to await the pleasure of these bankers before issuing their ultimata. To that centre have been added Vienna , Berlin , and Budapest, the other important centres of Jewish world finance. In Vienn a the Rothschilds ' wor d i s law ; in Berlin , the Hahnemans , Bleichroeders, Mendelssohns , especially the last named, who of late years have controlled Russia' s finances. To these same sources may be traced the origin of the Worl d War. " (Page s 56 and 57.)

T he "Protocols " have already attracted public attention in various countries. Th e attitude which the Jewish leaders wil l take in regard to them is a matter of great interest and deep concern. Unti l now they have kept silent. Onl y on rare occasions have the Jews referred, though very indirectly, to the question of the existence of a Jewish worl d conspiracy. T he most explicit utterance on the subject in the Unite d States is that of Rabb i Stephen Wise , in his address to the Congre gation of Fre e Synagogues in Carnegie Hall , on Marc h 1 , 1920. Th e reports of the address in the daily press are rather meager. We set forth in full the report which appeared in the Ne w Yor k *Tribune* on the following day :

" 'JEWIS H PLOT ' ONL Y AMON G APOSTATES , SAY S DR. WIS E "BELIEVE S ME N WH O FORSWEA R ANCIEN T FAIT H WOUL D SEIZ E POWE R FO R OW N END S

"Speakin g to the congregation of the Fre e Synagogue in Carnegie Hal l yesterday on the subject of ' The Jewish Con spiracy,' which has had its most recent revival in a story pub-

as well as through thei r own (the Jewish Bun d in the Western Prov inces), have always come forward as the most bellicose element of the revolution. " Count Lamsdor f further stated: "W e may feel entitled to assume that the above mentioned foreign support of the Russian revolutionary movement comes from Jewish capitalist circles. .. . In June, 1905, a special Anglo-Jewis h committee was openly established in England for the purpose of collecting money for arming fighting groups of Russian Jews : The well-known anti-Russian publicist, Lucien Wolf, was the leading member of this committee. . . . The Jews in Americ a . . . collect money for helping the pogrom sufferers and for arming the Jewish youth. "

lished in the Londo n *Morning Post,* charging that Jews were in a plot to seize control of the world, Dr . Stephen S. Wis e said that the only serious 'conspiracy ' among the Jews to-day emanated from the young men who foreswore thei r ancient faith.

"Sayin g that oppression and injustice have attended the followers of the Jewish faith for centuries, Dr . Wis e added that they had a right to be vindictive, but that it was not in thei r nature to be so.

" 'It is the Jew who has been reduced to such a state of degradation by oppression that he lies when he swears allegiance to another faith which has not even touched his heart, w ho becomes a dangerous element in the life of the world, ' said Dr . Wise .

" 'Th e conspiracy,' if there is one, is among those of Jewish birth who are or seem ashamed of thei r origin. The y follow false gods or none at all, and among them wil l be those who m ay seize power for thei r own ends."

#### CONCLUSIO N

In conclusion it must be stated that the motives which have actuated the publication of this book are not anti-Semitic. T he object — already indicated in the introduction — is to call the attention of the America n people to a document which may throw important light upon the international Bolshevist movement which menaces directly the vita l interests of the Unite d States.

Tha t this attention is amply justified appears from a review of the recent publication of the Protocol s in England , which appeared in the Londo n *Times* on Ma y 8, 1920. Th e article is so significant that it is reprinted in its entirety.

"TH E JEWIS H PERIL." 1

A DISTURBIN G PAMPHLE T

*Call for Inquiry*

(Fro m a correspondent)

T h e *Times* has not as yet noticed this singular little book. Its diffusion is, however , increasing, and its reading is likely to perturb the thinking public. Neve r before have a race and a

The Jewish Peril . Protocol s of the Learned Elder s of Zion. Lon don : Eyr e and Spottiswoode. 1920.

creed been accused of a more sinister conspiracy. We in this country, who live in good fellowship with numerous representatives of Jewry , may well ask that some authoritative criticism should deal with it, and either destroy the ugly "Semitic " bogy or assign their proper place to the insidious allegations of this kin d of literature.

In spite of the urgency of impartial and exhaustive criticism, the pamphlet has been allowed, so far , to pass almost unchallenged. The Jewish Pres s announced, it is true, that the anti-Semitism of the "Jewis h Peril " was going to be exposed. Bu t save for an unsatisfactory article in the Marc h 5 issue of the *Jewish Guardian,* and for an almost equally unsatisfactory contribution to the *Nation* of Marc h 27, this exposure is yet to come. The article of the *Jewish Guardian* is unsatisfactory, because it deals mainl y with the personality of the author of the book in which the pamphlet is embodied, with Russian reactionary propaganda, and the Russian secret police. It does not touch the substance of the "Protocol s of the Learned Elder s of Zion. " The purely Russian side of the book and its fervid "Orthodoxy " is not its most interesting feature. Its author, Professor S. Nilus , who was a minor official in the De partment of Foreign Religions at Moscow, had, in all likelihood, opportunities of access to many archives and unpublished documents. On the other hand, the world-wide issue raised by the "Protocols " which he incorporated in his book and are n ow translated into Englis h as "Th e Jewish Peril, " cannot fail not only to interest, but to preoccupy. Wha t are the theses of the "Protocols " with which, in the absence of public criticism, British readers have to grapple alone and unaided? The y are, roughly: —

- (1 ) Ther e is, and has been for centuries, a secret international political organization of the Jews .
- ( 2) The spirit of this organization appears to be an undying traditional hatred of the Christian world, and a titanic ambition for world domination.
- ( 3) Th e goal relentlessly pursued through centuries is the destruction of the Christian national States, and the substitution for them of an international Jewish dominion.
- ( 4) The method adopted for first weakening and then destroying existing bodies politic is the infusion of disintegrating political ideas of carefully measured progressive disruptive force, from liberalism to radicalism, and socialism to communism, culminating in anarchy as a *reductio ad absurdum* of egalitarian principles. Meanwhil e Jewr y remains immune from these corrosive doctrines. "W e preach Liberalism to the Gentiles, but on the other hand we keep our own nation in entire subjection" (page 55). Out of the welter of worl d anarchy, in response to the desperate clamour of distraught

humanity, the stern, logical, wise, pitiless rule of "the Kin g of the Seed of David " is to arise.

- ( 5) Politica l dogmas evolved by Christian Europe , democratic statesmanship and politics, are all equally contemptible to the Elder s of Zion . To them statesmanship i s an exalted secret art, acquired only by traditional training , and im parted to a select few in the secrecy of some occult sanctuary. "Politica l problems are not meant to be understood by ordinar y people; they can only be comprehended, as I have said before, by rulers who have been directing affairs for many centuries."
- ( 6) To this conception of statesmanship the masses are contemptible cattle, and the political leaders of the Gentiles, "up starts from its midst as rulers, are likewise blind in politics. " The y are puppets, pulled by the hidden hand of the "Elders, " puppets mostly corrupt, always inefficient, easily coaxed, or bullied, or blackmailed into submission, unconsciously further i ng the advent of Jewish dominion.
- (7) The Press, the theatre, stock exchange speculations, science, law itself, are, in the hands that hold all the gold, so many means of procuring a deliberate confusion and bewilder ment of public opinion, demoralization of the young , and encouragement of the vices of the adult, eventually substituting, in the minds of the Gentiles, for the idealistic aspiration of Christian culture the "cas h basis " and a neutrality of materialistic scepticism, or cynical lust for pleasure.

Such are the main theses of the "Protocols. " The y are not altogether new, and can be found scattered throughout anti-Semitic literature. Th e condensed form in which they are n ow presented lends them a new and weird force.

Incidentally, some of the features of the would-be Jewish programme bear an uncanny resemblance to situations and events now developing under our eyes. Professor Nilus' s book was, undoubtedly, published in Russi a in 1905. The copy of the origina l at the Britis h Museu m bears the stamp of Augus t 10, 1906. Thi s being so, some of the passages assume the aspect of fulfilled prophecies, unless one is inclined to attribute the prescience of the "Elder s of Zion " to the fact that they really are the hidden instigators of these events. Whe n one reads (page 8) that "i t is indis pensable for our plans that wars should not produce any territorial alterations, " one is most forcibly reminded of the cry, "peac e without annexations " raised by all the radical parties of the world, and especially in revolutionary Russia . A n d again: —

We wil l create a universal economic crisis, by all possible underhand means and with the help of gold, which is all in our hands. Simultaneously we will throw on to the streets

huge crowds o f workmen throughout Europe . We wil l in crease the wages, which wil l not help the workmen as, at the same time, we wil l raise the price of prime necessities .. . it is essential for us at all costs to deprive the aristocracy of thei r lands. To attain this purpose, the best method is to force up rates and taxes. These methods wil l keep the landed interests at their lowest possible ebb.

N o r can one fail to recognize Soviet Russi a in the following: —

".. . in governing the worl d the best results are obtained by means o f violence and intimidation. .. . In politics , we must know how to confiscate property without any hesitation, if by so doing we can obtain subjection and power . Ou r State, following the way of peaceful conquest, has the right of substituting for the terrors of war , executions less apparent and more expedient, which are necessary to uphold terror , produc i ng blind submission. . . . By new laws we wil l regulate the political life of our subjects as though they were so many parts of a machine. Such laws wil l gradually restrict all freed o m and liberties allowed by the Gentiles. .. . It i s essential for us to arrange that, besides ourselves, there should be in all countries nothing but a huge proletariat, so many soldiers and police loyal to our cause; .. . in order to demonstrate our enslavement of the Gentile Government s of Europe , we wil l show o ur power to one of them by means of crime and violence, that is to say, a reign of terror ; . . . our programme wil l in duce a third part of the populace to watch the remainder from a pure sense of duty or from the principle of voluntary service. "

Bearing in mind when this was published, we see, fifteen years later, a government established in Russi a of which a high percentage of the leaders are Jews , whose *modus operandi* follows the principles quoted, and whose mainstay is a Communis t Party , which answers to the last quotation. We see this, and it seems uncanny. Th e trouble is that all this fosters indiscriminate anti-Semitism. Tha t the latter is rampant in Eastern Europ e is a fact. Tha t its propaganda in France, England , and Americ a is growin g is a fact also. Do we want, and can we afford to add exacerbated race-hatred to all our political, social, and economic troubles? If not, the question of the "Jewis h Peril " should be taken up and dealt with. It is far too interesting, the hypothesis it presents is far too ingenious, attractive, and sensational not to attract the attention of our none too happy and none too contented public. T he average man thinks that there is something very fundamentally wron g with the worl d he lives in. He wil l eagerly grasp at a plausible "workin g hypothesis."

Wha t are these "Protocols" ? Ar e they authentic? If so, what malevolent assembly concocted these plans, and gloated

over thei r exposition? Ar e they forgery? If so, whence comes the uncanny note of prophecy, prophecy in parts fulfilled, in parts far gone in the way of fulfilment? Hav e we been struggling these tragi c years to blow up and extirpate the secret organization of German worl d dominion only to find beneath it another more dangerous because more secret? Hav e we, by straining every fibre of our national body, escaped a "Pa x Germanica " only to fall into a "Pa x Judaeica" ? T he "Elder s of Zion, " as represented in thei r "Protocols, " are by no means kinder taskmasters than Willia m II and his henchmen would have been.

A l l these questions, which are likely to obtrude themselves on the reader of the "Jewis h Peril, " cannot be dismissed by a shrug of the shoulders unless one wants to strengthen the hand of the typical anti-Semite and call forth his favourite accusation of the "conspirac y of silence." An impartial investigation of these would-be documents and of thei r history is most desirable. Tha t history is by no means clear fro m the Englis h translation. The y would appear, from internal evidence, to have been written by Jews for Jews , or to be cast in the form of lectures, and notes for lectures, by Jews to Jews . If so, in what circumstances were they produced and to cope with what inter-Jewish emergency? Or are we to dismiss the whole matter without inquiry and to let the influence of such a book as this wor k unchecked?

T he publishers believe that the vast majority of the Jews in this country have never heard of the Protocols , and would denounce the plan which they set forth. Th e Jews here, constituting about three per cent of the population, enjoy the same rights and privileges as other citizens. Al l are equal before the law and all are free fro m persecution on religious grounds . America n Jews are regarded by thei r fellow citizens, and for the most part doubtless regard themselves, as Americans of Jewish faith. The y have indeed a special ground for gratitude to the country of their adoption, for they have found here opportunities which they did not enjoy in many other countries. The y have shared in all the activities leading to prosperity and they have prospered. Tha t they do, in fact, recognize thei r favorable situation is shown by the statements; two of them are reported by the Ne w Yor k *Times,* in its issue of Ma y 4, 1920, to have made at a mass meeting held on the preceding evening at Cooper Unio n under the auspices of the Independent Orde r of Brit h Abraham, to express the gratitude of the Jewish people to Great Britain for taking the man-

date for Palestine. Judg e Gustave Hartman , Gran d Maste r of the order , is reported to have said in part:

" W e didn't know what a home was until we reached this greatest of all republics, the Unite d States of America . Her e we are given free and equal opportunity under the free institutions of this country. In this country the Jews have lived and prospered, and in all this country there are no better citizens than the Jewish people."

Judg e Otto A. Rosalsky said "tha t it became the duty of the Jewish citizens of Americ a to cherish the ideals of this country and keep them intact, so that they might be handed down to their children's children. "

Doubtless America n Jews wil l recognize the menace to American institutions and America n prosperity of any such political conspiracy as is outlined in the Protocols . But the situation demands more than tacit disapproval on thei r part. Bearing in mind the close parallelism shown to exist between the "Protocols " and the actual policies of Bolshevism as practiced in Russia , the dominant position occupied by the Jews in the Soviet Government, and the open sympathy and approva l given to international Bolshevism by prominent Jews outside of Russia, it is vitally necessary that the America n Jews should by wor d and deed express thei r condemnation not only of Bolshevism, but of any plan or program for worl d domination similar to that contained in the Protocols . Asid e fro m thei r position on these matters, there is no likelihood of any change in the favorable situation of the Jews in this country unless by thei r own conduct they convince the American people that they are hostile to our institutions or to our system of government, or that they desire to constitute within the borders of the Unite d States a race apart, — to be treated as members of a foreign nation, enjoying special rights , privileges, or immunities .

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