SIX MILLION OPEN GATES

"Dr. Levin, in the course of his talk, expressed the opinion that six million Jews of Eastern Europe are doomed to perish."

• Jewish Telegraphic Agency, February 20, 1930.

SIX MILLION OPEN GATES

By S.A.R. Lynch

"This is called "the purple earth." It shines with every kind of light that proceeds from hashmal. In this earth are sunk twelve thousand myriads of pearls, sunk in this earth and reaching as far as the eastern gate. There there are six million open gates, and Anael is the chief guardian of them."

• Zohar Hadash, Yitro, 38d

Cover painting: "Moses" (1638), by Jusepe de Ribera

Cover photographs (L-R): Rabbi Stephen S. Wise

Max Nordeau Ilya Ehrenburg

Fritz Moritz Warburg Chaim Weizmann Dr. Nahum Goldmann

There is no copyright on this book, in-fact, it breaches copyright laws. Hundreds of newspaper articles, photographs, and whole pages of books, are reproduced in this publication without the holders of their copyright even being asked whether they could be used. I have spent over a period of almost a year-and-a-half, I'd estimate, over £500.00 pounds collecting the articles reproduced in this book, predominantly from online archives which charge for access. But, I'm far from wealthy, so in some cases (particularly for the New York Times archives), I've not reproduced the entire article (most charged at \$3.95 each), but just the free preview, and only quoted from that.

The majority of newspaper articles reproduced in this book have been reformatted to make the text as large as possible. An article which fills a column 2 inches x 28 inches, i.e. the entire length of a broadsheet newspaper page, would not be legible in this book (produced on Microsoft Word, A4 sized pages) in its original form. In some cases, I've also tidied-up the articles, by deleting ink stains or smudges, but not a single letter of a single word has been altered in any of the articles reproduced in this book.

Several of the articles in this book have been reproduced from Google-book's 'Snippet View.' In effect, Google permits you to view the page through separate letter-box windows, these images can be captured and pieced together. But Google purposefully excludes one letter-box window on each page, although a Google search allows a user to learn what the text is on these restricted windows. On these few cases, I have filled in the text behind the restricted window manually.

SIX MILLION OPEN GATES, first published in London, August 2012.

CONTENTS

On December 14, 1945, the world learned that six million Jews had been murdered by the Nazis. It was on that day, in the German city of Nuremberg, that the signed confession of a SS Major was presented as evidence at the trial of the major Nazi war criminals, in which he had admitted; that six million, was the number of Jews the Nazis themselves had estimated to have murdered.

But in reality, December 14, 1945 wasn't when the world learnt that the Nazis had murdered six million Jews. As prominent Zionist leaders had been repeatedly proclaiming that six million Jews had been murdered by the Nazis since the latter months of 1944. Over a year before the Nuremberg trial even started.

September 29, 1944, is the earliest published claim that six million Jews had been murdered, this author has found. August 13, 1943 is the latest (of many) predictions that six million Jews would be killed, this author has found. I'm not including here the writer who was bold enough to claim in January 1939, that Hitler had already killed six million Jews!

Further research has revealed an undeniable Jewish, or more precisely; Zionist, obsession with the exact number of six million Jews, being on the verged of death, dating back to 1915, or arguably even earlier. This undeniable obsession was first hinted at by the rediscovered in 1995 of an article published in New York in 1919 (no.63 in the list in this book), and this Zionist obsession was undeniably proven in Don Heddesheimer's superb book The First Holocaust, originally published in 2003.

In this chapter I've reproduced over 180 articles or newspaper adverts, which claim 6,000,000 Jews are on the point of annihilation. I could have reproduced over a 1,000. I saw little point in reproducing articles which only mention the numerous Jewish "six million" campaigns in passing, or each version of the same article published in more than one newspaper. But the main reason this book is not 1,000 pages thick, is because I've included less than 1% of articles I've discovered, regarding Russia prior to the overthrow of the Czar. 'Six million', whether rightly or wrongly, was the figure usually put forward as the Jewish population of Russia from around 1890 onwards. Even Stalin wrote in 1913:

"Of the five or six million Russian Jews, only three to four per cent are connected with agriculture in any way."

As the Czarist regime held an unfavourable opinion of Jews, reproducing articles claiming six million Russian Jews are being done-in, would likely be dismissed as merely containing the estimated number of the Jewish population, whilst ignoring the clearly exaggerated claims of Jewish suffering. Especially when contrasted with U.S. newspaper coverage of the Soviet famines of 1921-1922, and 1932-1933, which were generally ignored, and in some cases, outright denied.

The overwhelming majority of the articles in this book were rediscovered by myself, and many are reproduced here for the very first time. They all add up to prove, that Zionists had been predicting the downfall of precisely six million Jews for decades before Adolf Hitler came to power in 1933.

ZIONISTS' MASS MEETING

Leaders in the Movement Arouse Enthusiasm at Cooper Union.

A PLEA FOR HUMAN JUSTICE

Israel's Great Gift to Mankind Recalled
—Dreyfus and European Persecution

Mentioned in Convention.

A mass meeting, under the auspices of the Federation of American Zionists was held at Cooper Union last night. The hall was crowded, many representative men being present, as well as those whose appearance told of drudgery in the east side sweat shops. There were many women and girls in the audience; and little sober-faced lads, whose ages could not have been over ten years, followed with attention the remarks of the speakers, applauding at times with enthusiasm.

The platform was draped with the National colors and the blue and white of

Personal tributes were paid by the speakers to Rabbi Gustav Gottheil, who presided.

In his opening remarks Rabbi Gotthell said that they had come together for one of the greatest purposes that had ever summoned the scattered people of Israel. "The life of our Nation has not lost by the trials it has endured," he said, "for we are joined together heart, soul, and mind, by the will of God."

DR. GOTTHEIL'S WORDS

Dr. Gottheil said that he was in the position of a father who was bound to obey his own son and had been told that he must not speak long. "But." he added, "I cannot retire without telling you of a man who came to me some time ago from the native soil; one who came, not driven forth, but of his own free will, with horny hand, bronzed face and sturdy figure. In him I saw the success of the Zionist movement, for I took him as a messenger who told that our aspirations are not dreams.

"A man need not be a supporter of our ethics, but how can any one in whose veins flows Jewish blood oppose the movement? Every true Jewish heart is naturally Zionistic."

The Rev. Dr. S. Schaffer of Baltimore, who spoke next, said that in the four years since the Zionist movement began much opposition had been developed; that it was impossible to change the views of all, but that if their opponents could see the remarkable gathering they would realize that the Jewish people still lived and prospered.

"When one realizes how much has been done in this golden land of freedom," he continued, "it is patent that the principles of the Jewish people still exist in many hearts. We have already won millions of men to our views, and in time we will realize our ideal. Such a movement requires time and persistent, united effort."

Ilterature must be broadly disseminated.

A psalim, by Leo Rafaels, sung under the direction of the Rev. David Cahn, aroused considerable enthusiasm, and then the next speaker, the Rev. H. Illowizi of Phila-

"There are some things that never perish," he said. "Weeds flourish easily. The rarest flowers require careful nursing. The Pharoahs—oppressors of Israel—have been many."

ASKS FOR JUSTICE.

He then paid a tribute to Rabbi Gottheil, and added: "Zion! Zion! How the name vibrates on the harp of Judaism! We demand of humanity the heritage that God bestowed upon us. We ask for jus-

"Israel has given to humanity a religion, a church, a mosque, a literature; in return for those gifts our people received

"We ask the return of our land, not that we mean to pack up and go away. But it is our right. To-day the Boer is fighting for the land he won from say. ages; the Irishman demands home rule.

freeduse we are happy in this land of freedom [Applause] let us not forget the 5,000,000 brethren who are suffering oppression. There is a movement on foot to prevent the Russian Jew from landing on these shores. Oppressed in Russia, hunted in Rumania, not wanted here, his only hope is Zion."

The Rev. H. Masilansky, who spoke in Hebrew, aroused the audience to great enthusiasm. "Mas'ath Nafshi" was then sung, and the voices of the children mingled with those of their elders in an impressive strain.

Resolutions of sympathy were adopted and a collection taken for the Jews of Bessarabia.

The Rev. Dr. J. H. Hertz of Johannesburg, South Africa, said that he brought greetings from the 3,000 Zionists of South Africa. He said that it would probably surprise those present to know that several such mass meetings had been held in Johannesburg within the last four record

"The choice between life and death is before you," he said. "When the world's story takes a different tone and justice is at hand we will realize our destiny. The fact that so many of our people are satisfied with their condition is the real tragedy of Israel. You must help yourselves. The moment you realize that you are a nation you will be one. I appeal to you, be men and women. Jews and Zioniste."

In presenting Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, the Chairman expressed regret that it was the last time he would be heard here for son time. Rabbi Wise is going to the Pacific Coast.

RABBI WISE'S ADDRESS.

Rabbi Wise said, in part:

"The day will never come when I will care less for Zion, when there will be any one who will strive more for the glorious ideals of Zionism.

"Two great conventions of Jews are being held to-night. In Chicago there is a conference of charities called together by men who minister to the wants of the poor. They have assembled to see that too much charity is not given to the unworthy. Their purpose is right. But ours is the greater charity. We have assembled not to see that the Jew does not get too much, but that every Jew shall get the right to live.

come not to beg, but ask for that which is higher than all material things. They seek to have satisfied the unquenchable thirst after the ideal. They ask to become once again the messengers of right, justice, and humanity.

"Your Christian friends will honor you it you have enough self-respect to care fo your own people. Say that you are not a Jew, and you will be hated as a Jew, nevertheless. But say that you are an American Jew, and strive for the best principles of the race, you will be respected and the Zionist name honored.

They can conquer. God is our leader, and with the General of the heavenly hosts to lead who will say that we go not to victory?

"In the old Greek games, the man who won the race was not he who went fastest but the one who bore a lighted torch to the end of the course.

"We Zionists have entered a race, the torch of liberty, charity, and justice in our hands.

"The race will be won, not because we are fastest but because that lamp is a ligh unto the world. It will never be extinguished.

hands; run the race and may God give you the victory forever."

Robert L. Halperin of Chicago, and the Rev. Dr. B. Drachman.

The Zion hymn by the Rev. Dr. H. Perelra Mendes, was sung at the conclusion of the speaking. The band of the Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society Orphan Asylum, under direction of I. L. Fauerbach played a number of selections.

The New York Times

Published: June 11, 1900 Copyright © The New York Times

"There are 6,000,000 living, bleeding, suffering arguments in favor of Zionism."

The New York Times, June 11, 1900.

The above was stated by a young Rabbi Stephen S. Wise at a Zionist meeting of the Federation of American Zionists at Cooper Union, New York on June 10, 1900. Wise would go on to become one of the most energetic and outspoken leaders of American Zionism. This is the first known, of his many, uses of the 6,000,000 figure of Jews. Rabbi Wise features prominently in this book.

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ANTI-SEI

equivocal response in the speeches of some of the leading Liberal statesmen; but on the country generally it produced no effect. It was revived when the persecutions in Russia threatened England with a great influx of Polish Jews, whose mode of life was calculated to lower the standard of living in the industries in which they were employed. All danger was, however, averted by the Jewish communat authorities, who, by dint of great pecuniary secrifices and an excellent international organization, managed to control the immigration. In 1883 Herr Stocker visited London, but received a very unflattering reception. Equally abortive attempts to acclimatize anti-Semitism have been made in Switzerland, Belgium, Greece, and the United States.

Auti-Semitian has useds a great deal of history during the last thirty yeers, but it has loft no permanent mark on the social and political evolution of Europe. It is the fruit of a great ethnographic and political error, and it has spent itself in political intrigues of transparent dishonesty, its racial doctrine is at best a crude hypothesis; it mationalist theory has only served to throw into striking roliof the essentially economic bases of modern society, while its political activity has revealed the valgarity and ignorance which constitute its main sources of strongth. So far from injuring the Jews, it has really given Jovish racial separations a new lease of life. Its extravagant accurations, as in the Tisza Estlar and Dreyfus cases, have resulted in the vindication of the Jawish character. Its agitation generally, coinciding with the revival of interest in Jewish history, has helped to transfer Jewish solidarity from a religious to a racial basis. The bond of a common race, vitalized by a new pride in Hobrew history and spurred on to resistance by the insults of the anti-Samitas, has given a new spirit and a new source of strength to Judaism at a moment when the approximation of cthical systems and the revolt against dogma, were sapping its essentially religious foundations. In the whole history of Judaism, perhaps, there have been no more numerous or remarkable instances of reversions to the faith than during the last thirty years. The reply of the Jews to anti-Semitism has thirty years. The roly of the Jews to anti-Semitism has thirty years. The roly of the Jews to anti-Semitism has there two interesting practical forms. In the first place there is the so-called Zioniat movement, which is a kind of Jewish nationalism and is vitiated by the same errors that distinguish its anti-Semitic analogue. It aims at the roceaballolament of the Jewish state; and, under the leadership of Dr Theodor Heral (b. 1860) and Dr Max Nordau has provided and the semitary of the race. It lays no stress on orthodoxy, but welc

redired, it is to be feared that the history is not yet at an end. While there are in Russia and Rumania at allicon of Jews who are being systematically degraded, and who periodically overflow the western frontier, there will continue to be a Jovish question in Europe; and while there

"Though anti-Semitism has been unmasked and discredited, it is to be feared that its history is not yet at an end. While there are in Russia and Rumania six millions of Jews who are being systematically degraded, and who periodically overflow the western frontier, there must continue to be a Jewish question in Europe; and while there are weak governments, and ignorant and superstitious elements in the enfranchised classes of the countries affected, that question will seek to play a part in politics."

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HOLIDAYS

190

New Year's Eve ...................................

A Happy New Year To Our Readers

5664

There are many people who have grown accustomed to speak of Judaism as a dead or decaying creed, narrow in its views and antiquated in its conceptions of life. If the value of a religion were to be gauged by the number of its followers, by its political power, by its territorial sway, Judaism might be considered "a small affair." (Judged by such a standard even the dominant faith sinks into comparative insignificance at the side of the religion of India and China). But if a religion is to be measured by its immortal truths, by the undying allegiance of its supporters, by its invincible vitality, by its power of resistance to persecution, by its ability to withstand the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune; if a religion is to be gauged by the spiritual power with which it has endowed its followers, then is Juda

ism entitled to the reverence of its adherents and the respect of all others.

That there is in our faith fundamental truth, that it possesses the power of swaying the consciousness and the conscience of Israel, may be seen at this season of the year, when, touched by a common sentiment of loving faith, all Israel appears before God. The New Year is observed as the public expression of Israel's devotion to the Creator of the Universe. Every Jew who observes the day as a sacred occasion announces his belief in the "uncreated Creator," the Eternal God, "who is One and whose name is One." It is unnecessary to here enter into the philosophy of religious belief; it is neither the place nor the occasion to discuss whether the universe is a manifestation of eternal matter or eternal spirit, or whether it is the product of chance. Suffice it to say that the real significance of the great and holy day, which is unshered in next Monday evening, is the public declaration of the peop of Israel that "the Lord God of Israel is the only King, that His dominion is throughout all Time and Space, that the universe is the public declaration with Judaism which the observance of the New Year assessments.

It is a solemn day. It is a 'Day
of Remembrance," on which to re
call the events of the year just go\ning. As though standing on a moun
tain peak we look below and review
the series of events which have best
crowded into the stretch of time be
tween now and the last xosh-ha
shana. The resolutions of forme
days, where are they? The prom\nises of last year, what has become o
them? The events we dreaded, have
they happened? The incidents we
hoped to see, have stey been realiz\ned? The parent's luty, has it been
performed? The cild's obligations
have they been net? The Jewisl
life, has it been lifed? God's pres

ence, has it been recognized? Remember! Reflect!

It is a day of "Judgment." Ancient poetry represents God seated upon His throne, high and exalted, surrounded by myriads of angels, scanning the record of each individual and deciding the future of each. The idealism of such a scene is considered absurd by modern materialism. And yet science, with its teachings concerning hereditary influences and the sway of acquired habits, would have us believe that, as year succeeds year, our future is inscribed, nay engraved, on our bones, nerves and flesh, by unseen fingers and indelible stylus. Our thoughts become our words; our words become our deeds; our deeds become our habits; our habits become ourselves. Shall we continue to be in the future what we are to-day? Is there no room or reason for amendment? Shall we permit our besetting sins to control us? Shall we allow our weakness to exert a stronger control over us? or shall we grasp the opportunity granted us, look at ourselves as we know ourselves to be, judge ourselves before the tribunal of conscience and seek to become better? Thus Rosit-hashana appeals to the better side of our human nature and serves to bring us to see side of God and goodness.

It is s'day of "sounding the Shophar," of calling aloud to the house of Is acl, "Seek ye the Lord while He nay be found." While God is ever willing to be entreated of His children, our Rabbis have taught that He is specially gracious at this season of the year; that is to say, He is most likely to answer prayer solemnly offered at a solemn season in a solemn place. All Israel is assembled in prayer and the Jewish consciousness is touched to the quick. The days of sorrow are not yet over; the days of glory are not yet over; the constitution of the soletiment to our faith, when better with our brethren than at such an

May it be the Divine Will that the coming Holy-day may exert a powerful influence for good among us and all Israel. With the New Year may renewed religious fervor manifest itself among us. With the advent of our great Day of Remembrance may our people realize more than ever the duties and glories of Israel.

LEONARD LEVY.

IOSHUA OF THE FUTURE.

The Foundation of an American Jewish Statistical Society Pronosed.

In a few days the American delegates will have returned from the Sixth Zionist Congress at Basle, and we shall have authentic information not only on the true bearing of the Uganda proposition of the British government, but also with regard to the general outlook of the whole Zionistic movement, which, undoubtedly, has reached its turn-

ing point.

The merits and shortcomings of the great scheme of Jewish salvation that forever will be identified with the names of my two college friends and countrymen. Theodor Herzl and Max Nordau, have so often and so ably been described in the columns of your paper that I need not add new arguments either pro or con. The Zionists here and abroad have fought and are still fighting against mighty odds. They deemed to their courage and strenuousness full recognition even from the ranks of their opponents. But the question now arises: Is it within the power of these modern Maccabees to bring to a speedy and happy end the misery of their 5, 180,000 (Russian official census of 1897) wards in the empire of the Czar, about 300,000 in Galicia, in view of the hostile attitude of the Russian government toward Zionism, of the impending revolution in the dominions of the Sultan, and finally, in view of the indifference, yea, direct opposition, to their scheme on the part of nine-tenths of the well-to-do Israelites of Western Europe and America?

Goethe says somewhere that there are times when "no righteous man has the right to keep silence "The international situation of the Jewisl people is nowadays such as not to permit any Jewish scholar, professional or business man to refuse hi share of active co-operation and moral responsibility in the greatwar of deliverance in behalf of his million downtrodden brethren. The well-to-do Jewish lawyer, physician, banker, trader and manufacturer of London and Paris, New York and San Francisco have no done their full duty as men and lews in paying for their family new lews in paying for their family new properties.

" ... six million downtrodden brethren."

The Jewish Criterion

Vol. VIV

Pittsburg, October Seventh, 1904

No. 17

THE PANAMA CANAL AND THE RUSSIAN EXODUS.

(By Dr. Isadore Singer).

Lecture delivered December 20, 1903, at a public meeting of the Dorshei Zion Society, Brooklyn, N. Y.— Courtesy Dr. Singer.

Mr. President, Ladies and Gentle-

When your friends of the Zion Educational League invited me, five weeks ago, to explain to them my attitude toward Zionism and, in particular, my personal views with regard to the solution of the Jewish problem, I told them pointblank why I was not a partisan of political Zionism. I suggested, at the same time, the elaboration, in unison with the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith and other Jewish organizations, of a broad p'atform acceptable to every Jew with genuine Jewish feelings, whether he be a Chasid, a simple orthodox, a reformer, yes, or a religious nihilist; whether his eradle stood in Kovno, Duesseldorf Paris, New York, or San Francisco, and, lastly, whether he be a full of half breed nationalist or a rabid assimilationist. This formulation of principles once accomplished, I urged upon your Zionistic brethrer to undertake, again in unison with the entire house of Israel, a gigantic campaign throughout the United States, concentrating the entire financial, moral, and intellectua strength of our coreligionists, in so far it be free for altruistic outlet upon a sole purpose; the final and Galiciam Jews from their politica and economic bondage—within o without the boundaries of the land without the boundaries of the land without the boundaries of the land without the boundaries of the land

The Associated Press did us the great honor to dispatch their representative to our meeting, and the next day, November 16, several hundreds of dailies throughout the United States published a telegraphic report of Dr. Fales' and my

Short and distorted as this report was, and printed under such exciting head ines as "Plan to Bring all Russian Jews Here," "Initial Movement or Scheme to Cause General Exodus from the Land of the Czar," etc., I was satisfied to know that these dispatches formed the subject of discussion in thousands of Jewish homes. In this way it brought many of our coreligionists, who had already forgotten Kishineff and Gomel for an hour or so, again face to face with their duty toward their unhappy brethren in Eastern Furone.

Since I wish to make of the central idea of my Zion Educational

League speech the main topic of our discussion to-day, allow me to read to you one of these reports (ex uno discite omnes), for they are all more or less identical:

"To transport the entire Jewish population of Russia to this country is the plan which had its initial discussion last night at the meeting of the Zion Educational League at No. 61 Rivington street, called to consider the question of the Jewish emigration from the land of the Czar.

"The assessment of a tax upon the rich Jews of the country of two per cent of their yearly income was proposed, and this plan was given favorable consideration. With this money it is believed that the Jewish population now in Russia can be brought to this country and scattered over the Western States.

"It was also proposed that an attempt be made to have the \$45,000,oco left by the late Baron de Hirsch
transferred from London to New
York, and that the work of transporting the Russian Jews to this
country be carried on from this
city. The establishment of a direct
line of steamships between New
York and Odessa, on the Black Sea,
was proposed, in order that the
Russian Jews might be brought here
without having to travel through
European countries, where they
would be subjected to humiliation
and indignities.

"Among the speakers at the meet-\ning last night were Dr. Isidore Singer, editor of "The Jewish Encyclopedia," and Dr. W. E. S. Fales. Albert Schonberg, President of the
League, presided. Dr. Isidore Singer, taking as his subject 'Emancipation, Emigration, or Extermina-

"There is no probability of the emancipation of the Jews in Russia under the present political and economical conditions. Extermination is not to be considered except from a Russian viewpoint, so the only remaining alternative is emigration. The happenings at the last Congress have eliminated political Zionism from the question. The most practical solution of the problem is to be found in an organization of all the Jews of the United States whose sole purpose will be to aid the Russian Jews to escape from their persecutors. It is my intention to start a movement to ascertain whether the wealthy Jews of America are willing to give two per cent of their yearly income to aid this work."

And now, ladies and gentlemen, it will probably interest you also to know the editorial opinion on the subject of the leading Jewish paper of the world, The Jewish Chronicle, of London, which is not only read but also respected by those who hold in their hands the strings of the purse containing the \$45,000,000

THE COLONIAL

P. C. SMITH, PROPRIETOR.

CORNER SIXTH ST. AND FENN AVE., PITTJBURGH, FA.

The Londing Commercial Hotel of Pittaburgh. Every room equipped with Steam Heat
Also Long Distance Telephone. New Addition Fireproof. \$1.00 per day, up.

NOTICE

To The Public. Beginning September 24 the Hotel Colonial will serve a 75c Table d'Hote dinner from 5:30 to 5:30 which includes a bottle of Claret or Rhine Wine.

I NEGRIES

Oyster Cocktail

Celery

Bisque of Lobste

Queen Olive

on a la Chambrod Pommes Sar

Minced Chicken with Green Peppers

Roast Loin of Pork, Apple Sa

Mashed Potatoes String Beans Tomato and Lettuce

Ice Cream Assorted Cakes

Roquefort Cheese Bent Crackers Demi Tasse

Marie furnished by The Colonial Orober

of the late Baron Maurice de Hirsch.
The Chronicle, in its issue of December 4, devoted two editorials to the question, respectively entitled "Wholesale Emigration" and

"Menolesale Emigration. — We print in another column an interesting account of a meeting held in New York recently to consider a proposal for the wholesale emigration of the Jews from Russia. This truly American project is based upon the assumption that amelioration of the Jeweish lot in Russia itself is a hopeless dream. It consequently discards the policy of solving the Russian question in Russia, and adopts with American strenuousness what is to Dr. Singer the only alternative policy: that of emigration. Dr. Singer himself propounds a scheme for effecting this very desirable purpose. The Jews in America are to be divided up, on a property basis, into a series of clubs or lodges. Each section is to elect a number of officers, from among whom a Jewish Board on Delegates is to be formed. This Board in its turn has to appoint a regular Jewish Cabinet, with various departments for Russia, Rou mania, etc., for immigration, education, and so on. The sinews of war we gather, are to be provided by voluntary tax of two per cent on this somewhat remarkable to earth.

lish a direct line of steamers between Odessa and New York, so as to avoid the wearying journey across other countries to the port of embarkation—a proposal which, if carried through, would rid our emigration returns of the disturbing element of the transmigrants. We, in this old country, may stand aghast at the splendid audacity which does not shrink from the task of transporting five of the million people over the sea. But we must admire the spirit in which this task is proposed, and the readiness of those who framed it to assume the leadership of Jewry in the solution of the greatest problem that confronts the race. Moreover, everybody will agree that all Jews taken from Russia represent not only so many brands plucked from the fire, but so much relief granted to those who remain behind. We do not suppose that Dr. Singer imagines that the mass of Russian Jews can be removed in a body to America. What he calculates, no doubt, is that great numbers might emigrate to the States. But supposing that the new movement secured the necessary funds, the question arises whether the United States is prepared to receive a few million more Jews in addition to the 1,200,000 it already possesses."

"American Receptivity.—We are afraid that Dr. Singer hardly does sufficient justice to the feeling of malaise which has saized minute.

"the final and definite deliverance of the six millions of Russian, Roumanian and Galician Jews from their political and economic bondage—within or without the boundaries of the land of Canaan. ... We, in this old country, may stand aghast at the splendid audacity which does not shrink from the task of transporting five or six million people over the sea."

"From 1890 to 1902 he caused 6,000,000 Jewish families to be expelled from Russia."

Dr. Paul Nathan's View of Russian Massacre

of Russia's 6,000,000 Jews were made or March 12 in Berlin to the annual meeting of the Central Jewish Relief League of Germany by Dr. Paul Nathan, a well-known Berlin publicist, who has returned from an extensive trip hrough Russia as the special emissary of Jewish

through Russia as the special emissary of Jewish philanthropists in England, America, and Germany, to arrange for distribution of the relief fund of \$1,500,000 raised after the massacres last Autumn.

Dr. Nathan paints a horrifying picture of the plight and prospects of his coreligionists, and forecasts at any hour renewed massacres exceeding in extent and terror all that have gone before. He left St. Petersburg with the firm conviction that the Russian Government's studied policy for the "solution" of the Jewish question is systematic and murderous extermination.

Dr. Nathan read to the meeting a circular addressed to the garrison of Odessa, calling upon the soldiers to "rise and crush the traitors who are plotting to upset the holy Government of the Czar and substitute for it a Jewish empire."

He concluded with an appeal to the Jewish money powers of the world to arrest Russia's career as a borrower. The financiers of the world should call a halt to Russia, not only for humanitarian reasons, but for practical reasons. Russia's bankruptcy is an established fact, he added.

A wail has gone up from the Hotel Keepers' Association of Naples to the effect that American and English tourists are rapidly being supplanted by Germans. One is informed how the Italian host does not relish the change. "Are we to credit the Teuton," inquires a local paper, "with the welcome announcement that the Hotel Keepers' Association has formed a league to protect the foreign wanderer from 'fraud, general trickery, and imposition'? The proverbially deliberate economy of the Tauton forbids such an assumption. There must be some other reason."

The New Hork Times

Published: March 25, 1906
Copyright © The New York Times

"Startling reports of the condition and future of Russia's 6,000,000 Jews were made on March 12 in Berlin to the annual meeting of the Central Jewish Relief League of Germany by Dr. Paul Nathan, ... Dr. Nathan paints a horrifying picture of the plight and prospects of his coreligionists, and forecasts at any hours renewed massacres exceeding in extent and terror all that have gone before. He left St. Petersburg with the firm conviction that the Russian Government's studied policy for the "solution" of the Jewish question is systematic and murderous extermination."

"… poverty starvation and disease are the afflictions which now beset the six million Jews in that country and Roumania."

Deseret Evening News (UT), March 17, 1908.

No.9, February 1911

"Though anti-Semitism has been unmasked and discredited, it is to be feared that its history is not yet at an end. While there remain in Russia and Rumania over six millions of Jews who are being systematically degraded, and who periodically overflow the western frontier, there must continue to be a Jewish question in Europe; and while there are weak governments, and ignorant and superstitious elements in the enfranchised classes of the countries affected, that question will seek to play a part in politics."

The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, Vol. 2. Encyclopaedia Britannica Company. 1911. P.145.

PRINCE, PRIEST AND PEASANT WAGE WAR AGAINST SIX

WARSAW. June 3.—Within the Russian empire are \$5.000.005 Jaws, dependent for their lives on the fickle will of the bureaucrate. What is their condition to-day? The answer is to be found in recent debates in the dums; for it has been shown that although foreign opinion has done away with the bloody crimes of the pogroms—since Hebrew financier control the financial markets of all the capitals and can hamper the floating of loans—the lot of the Israelites in Russian—

Prince, priest and peasant have declared war against them. Duma members have lately declared that any politice officer ought to be exiled to Siberia for allowing Jews to live within the pale—I. e. in the large districts of eastern and central Russia forbidden to Hebraws. The nobility, who recently met at their annual delegation, passed resolutions that they would not allow even baptized Jews to serve the state, either in a military or civil capacity, nor permit Jewish youths to enter the same schools as their own children. As to allowing them to be ennobled, the idea, the delegation declared, was so prepositions that nobody need think of it

The fact that representatives. Of twenty-five Russian provinces carried these resolutions with sentualism—only six desiring to modify some of the clauses and only five voting against them—demonstrates how anti-Semitism has grown of late years Such is the feeling that there is little chance of the duma being able to remove the disabilities now imposed on the Jews. It is far more likely to invent fresh ones and establish them on the statute books.

Russian Jews are concentrated in the western and southern portion of the empire, for they are forbidden to live or trade in large cities like Moscow, St. Petersburg or Kazan, where Russian merchants fear their rivalry in cities like Odessa and Warsaw the Jews therefore form more than one-third of the total population. There are over a million of them in Russian Poland alone, out of a total population of 7,000,000, while whole towns are

live in Ghettoes

Their poverty is excessive and though they trade, most of them can do business only in a small way. They are the factors and middlemen of the towns they inhabit. Police regulations and ancient custom combine to coop them in certain quarters of the cities, where they live as in the ghet-

Come with me into a Russian shette. The Russian working man has
a fixed idea that the Jews, however
poor they seem, have great riches
stored in secret. He clings to this il-\nusian in spite of the proofs of poverty\nin the shetto, a poverty exceeding
anything the non-Jewish masses eve-\nexperience. But the first impression
one gains of the Russian shetto i
most so much that of poverty as of the
siffing atmosphere. In winter the
frost suppresses the smell in th
streets, only to cause it to be cooper\nup in double strength in the rooms
where six feet square means steeping

for many people, who feed principally

At first sight the Jewish quarter of Russian city disappoints the stranger. No Hebrew signs are to be seen, or the police, bent on suppressing all rance of Judaism even in its home, orbid the use of Tidish for advertishments. Yet, on closer inspection, the firsts are very characteristic. To between the continuous continuous continuous transporters are very characteristic. To between the continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous continuous contin

Every degree of Hebrew beauty and unifiness are here. Stunted youths and beautiful girls; men with Christ-like faces and others with visages stamped with the imprint of worldly meanness, old women who might frighten children and oil men whose vertable faces and long boatds are suggestive of the highest children. Even in the pagsing care

In the side streets the houses are even dispiter than in the main thoroughfares, and the shops so small that they find from enough for their ghet to trade in the cellars. Yiddish newspapers an books are dispiped along tide food cooked according to Hebrew files, and many-branched candlesticks, where the subject even in the poorest houses, on the Sarbeth even Men. ca, so on head, look out into the street thanged children play gravels in the gurer. All he dependent of the children There is a tital became of street outport, and though all are housy, mooded herries. It is the land, and the control of the city, that is upon them, showing itself in their gain as well as their pale their gain as well as their pale

drained faces

Thousded to Beggary.

The man coming from the baker's seading a little girl by the hand, is a segar Though his kind is ever increasing, his pile is never refused, for the Jews do not let their poor beg cuttled the ghetto, but provides for them the Jews do not let their poor beg cuttled the ghetto, but provides for them the Jews do not let their poor beg cuttled the ghetto, but provides for them the Jews do not let their poor beg cuttled the ghetto for the Jews do not let their poor beg cuttled the Jews do not let their poor beg cuttled the Jews do not let be provided for the life of the Jews hampering the work of the Jews hampering the work of the Jews hampering the work of the Jews hampering the work of the Jews hampering the work of the Jews hampering the work of the Jews hampering the work of the Jews hampering the work of the Jews hampering the work of the Jews hampering the work of the Sandal Helman is a Jew of the old school He bencount the Jews his orthodox mind. He has jething in common writh me Jews high the has jething in common writh the has jething in common writh the Jews hampering the has jething in common writh the Jews hampering the has jething in common writh the Jews high till provides certain parts of the smaller portions get the Jews hampering the Jews high the Jews hampering the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high the Jews high

to drive Russians wherever they wanted to go, so he lay down sgain and the Jaws, buddled together in the front of the cart, grew uneasy. At last the soher one pulled his mate by the less till he got him out, when he drew his sword and the Jaws only got class by making off at a gallop and were glad to have escaped so easily for they would never have obtained reference for any wrong done to them.

Markets Run By Jews.

The markets of all Russian cities without the pale are run by the Jewe
Their shrill cries rend the air as the:
walk up and down between the booths
calling upon the "pretty lady" and th"diamond lady" or the "sweet fittle
dove" to huy Everything you can
want is to be had in Jewish market
for the barganing, which is carried of
with eastern zest and amounts to a spor\nin which each side is ready to give an
take in a context of huckstering skill.

ake in a contest of huckstering skill.

I races which inhabit the mighty stussian empire mingle here. As if to sympolize the imperial 'night, there is the stolid Muscovite soldier with market basket and bloycle, buying the diner for his officer and family. There had been a simple state of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of the content of t

Interes is something for everybody—things that can be bought in everybody—things that can be bought in everybody—things that can be bought in everybody—things that can be bought in everybody—things that can be bought in everybody—things that can be basket; velis and rowns for the Russian ones hang near by Clothes, furniture, fish, fruit and meat are jumbled together in a weird modifier that compels curiosity, but staggers classification. From these booths goes the food that feeds the whole city and the clothes that equip four-fiths of it. Here are garments made in the sweat shops, as well as the projece of the farms, whence the Jew brings all the farmer has to sell and runs his city errands Merchants talk together in one language and bargain with their customers in another; owning ready kinchip with a people whom

the trade and commerce to the country in the hollow of their hands, and whom the Russians fear more than a hostile army

Courtable in the Ghette

Marriage takes place early in the shetto. Twelve years for a boy and thirteen for a girl is the usual age. When a suitable wife has been found the girl's parents arrange about the lowry, which is paid to the boy's parents as soon as the engagement is completed. If the engagement be broken off within a year the girl, like her Gentile sister, must return any presents the may have received, and the side which breaks off the union has 10 May all betrothal expenses. This is the nearest approach to breach of promise regulations in Russia. But the Jews never take such matters into Russian courts; they settle all difficulties, domestic or otherwise, among themselves. During the year of betrothal the pair do not see each other. While they are engaged, the young man is supposed solely to frequent the society of his own sex. No little bachelor parties are planned for the ghetto beau. His parents are affectionate, but the family apron strings are short and he is kept in close hau!

The ghetto Jaw clings to the good old custom of marrying his children in front of the synagone. As this is impossible in a large town, a courtyard—courtyards are like beseball grounds in Russia—is chosen. According to custom any learned man can tie the matrimonial knot.

The orthodox shetto marriage happens in the evening, the bride, with a cloth over her syes—not a disphanous vehi—is brought to the piace by her parents, and the bridegroom is escorted by his people. The guests sing and dance while the young couple are made better acquainted—that is to say, the bride's eyes are uncovered and somebody asks her if the youth pleases her. When she says "Tes" her hair is shaved off close to her head, hops are thrown over her for prosperity, and the Rabbi ties the knot. Then the marriage feast is eaten at the bride's home. When the house is a very plous one the men and girls do not dance together. As a rule the young heople live with the wife's pagents.

The position of women in the Rueslan ghetto is somewhat paradoxical when the husband is a very plous man his wife has to work for him and the children, when he is a factor, or a merchant, he works herd for her, and is only loo proud and happy to indules her in very way he can. So plety is not always a blessing to a wife in the ghetto. Though divorce is easier in the ghetto, than in America it is far less frequent which seems to point to a good measure of domestic happiness within the bours-

"PRINCE, PRIEST AND PEASANT WAGE WAR AGAINST SIX MILLION JEWS ... Within the Russian empire are 6,000,000 Jews, dependant for their lives on the fickle will of the bureaucrats."

THE JEWISH CRITERION

Vol. XXXIII

PITTSBURGH, PA., SEPTEMBER 1, 1911

No 4

WHERE DOES THE JEW STAND?

Enemies on all Sides of Him—Foes in His Own Ranks—What wil the Outcome Be?

By Max Nordau

(Perhaps the most stirring address delivered at the Tenth Zionist Congress was that of Max Nordau, the eminent Jewish thinker and writer. The address is herewith printed in full. It is a striking analysis of conditions as Dr. Nordau sees them.)

The Jewish people is today experiencing the most gloomy days of its history in the diaspora. All our sentinels give us but one report: Foes on every hand!' The plague of anti-Semitism, which everywhere always had an endemic hold, is at present marching round the whole earth as if it were an epidemic. Jew-hatred which even in the short intervals of deceptive quiet is never completely extinguished, is now breaking forth everywhere into white flame. Even in the lands where we are best off, we need merely put our ear to the ground in order to hear, beneath the thin superficies of official, constitutional equality of all citizens, the roaring of the wild waters of Judeophobia. In the most emancipated land of the world, in the land of the greatest social justice, in the United States of North America, the President is compelled personally to administer the sharp rap over the knuckles to a colonel because, in approved fashion, he refused to admit to commissioned rank a fully qualified young man on the express and for the ways a few.

I could cite similar incidents from many other countries, even those where Jews are Ministers and Commanding Generals. I refrain. Such narratives tell us nothing new, and among non-Jews I have no desire to arouse the impression of craven, effeminate whimpering which carefully collects every small excuse for complaint, and in tearful wails anent this or that injury indulges in a species of self-torture. The little pin-pricks, which are maliciously if surrepiously inflicted upon us, the moral insults which we can evade by proud reserve, by perpetual self-restraint, by caution in our social behavior and ambitions, we can afford to ignore with little loss of dignity and little real injury.

But what are we to do in thos lands where no concealment is mad of official prejudice against us, wher no attempt is made to perform the There, with the wild energy of the thirst for blood our complete annihilation is striven for. "The breed must be rooted out!" is the dominant idea which determines all the Government measures against our unhappy brethren. The treatment to which they are subjected is summarily characterized by the motal order that the Jews must be "outlawed and degraded." But these expressions are far too weak. A cultured child of the twentieth century would never attribute to outlawed the terrible significance which it actually has in the lands concerned. The Jews are not only not to have any civil rights; they are actually denied even human rights, nay, even the rights accorded to the very animals for the safeguarding of which Animal Protection Societies are everywhere active. The Jew is exposed to the four winds of heaven. He may be abused, robbed, pillaged, even murdeded without there being any protection for him under the law or on the part of the authorities. If he defends himself, then this expression of the purest instinct of self-protection is punished as the most violent revolution.

The Jew must humbly allow himself to me plundered, and meekly present his throat to the knife of the assassins. If the criminals are officials there is neither prosecutor or judge If they are private persons, then, as a result of a kind of antomatism of the State institutions which work in a certain way if they are put in motion, and in obedience to the driving power of their own mechanism, they are condemned, it is true, but only to immediately pardoned. Even if no violence is used against the Jews, there is, at least, extorted from them a capriciously calculated and elastically expanded ransom, the exaction of which keeps them, with all the apparatus of the most refined terrorism in a perpetual state of fear and tremb ling, in the face of the possibilitie borne by each succeeding hour, which to the great satisfaction of their tor turers, preys upon the brain an nervous system of their victims. That is the real meaning of the word out lawry, which to the unaccustomed ear of a civilized member of society does not, at first, sound too terrible.

"Proletariasation" of the Masses.

A similar state of affairs prevails in, regard to the so-called "proleariasation" of the Jewish masses. By "proletariasation" is understood simply the degradation of individuals and groups to lower strata of society, their conversion into dependent laborers without any economic security for the morrow, their exclusion from higher vocations and superior education, with the resulting inner moral satisfaction and external honor and material success. Of a "proletariastion" in this sense in regard to the treatment of the Jewish masses there can be no question. They are excluded from all higher vocations; they are deprived of every form of education—that is true. But they are not constructed into laborers; on the contrary, they are prevented from becoming laborers by being prohibited from residing in almost every industrial district where they might be employed and by their exclusion, in places where they are tolerated, from almost every industrial occupation. Things have gone so far that today there are millions of Jews who desire nothing better than to become laborers, but even that is not possible to them. They may become pariahs in culture and mental development, pariahs in loss of dignity and general corruption; but proletarians in the modern economic sense of the word, they may not become.

What is aimed at is not mere outlawry, not mere "proleariasation," but dishonor, brutalization, slow asphyxiation. A crime is being committed against millions of innocent men which even in a history so rich in massacres finds no precedent. Where the conquerors of antiquity slaughtered whole populations and drove them into slavery, more blood flowed. But these misdeeds, which were the brutal misuse of victories took place in the excitement of conflict and keen hostility. They did not possess the horror of a slow, persistent, deliberate, old-blooded strangulation nor any advantage for the murderers beyond the diabolical satisfaction in the horror committed. The slaughter of the Albigenses did not affect as many as a twentieth to today's vistims of Jew-hatred. The exile of the Jews from England by Edward I., from France by Philip the Splendid, from the Rhine Provinces at the time of the black death, from Spain by the Catholic king, was a tolerable measure with quite a weal admixture of mercy and conscience compared with this methodical murder by the deliberate withdrawal of the size of life.

Moreover, to the hunted Jews of former days, places of refuge were open—the English in France, the French in Loraine and Germany, the German in the Poland of Casimir the Great, the Spanish in the Turkey of Sultan Selim. Today the Jews are not openly east forth, their prosecutors prefer to let them gradually per-\nish on the spot. If, however, they
seek by flight en masse to save themselves from this persistent martyrdom
no door of escape is open for them
from their untolerable misery. Every
frontier gleams with bayonets, the
points of which are directed against
their breasts. Everywhere they tumble upon trenches and barriers. To
day there is not a single land hospitable to the poorest of the poor and\neven the educated, the not completely
poverty-stricken have the greatest difficulty in finding an entry anywhere.
It can be said that the scenes of the
persecution of the Jews today are becoming more and more a gaol in
which they are immured.

we agai upon the sametess are of modern civilization, we surprise the orators, the tub thumpers—the official and ministerial ones even more than the private ones—with their mouths full of "progress," of "evolution," of "human dignity," of "justice!" How they rattle about our ears like beating hail, the lofty, inflated and bombastic words "social sympathy," "brotherly love," "human citizenship!" Solemn peace congresses are held, at which declarations are delivered against war, and long arbitration treaties are concluded by dozens for its prevention, while a great philanthropist has built for them a splendid palace. Vast millions are contributed in every land for the foundation of hero funds for the reward of brave deeds in the service of humanity.

In numerous great cities rich libraries are founded for the spread of eulture. Very fine! Very beautiful! But the virtuous Governments which work with such noble zeal for the spread of eternal peace acquiesce in the downfall of six million creatures—acquiesce, and no-one, except the victims, raise a voice against it, although this is an incomparably greater crime than any war, for no war has ever yet destroyed six million human lives. The administration of hero funds and the distribution of thirteest is laid in the hands of authorities who favor the massacre of Jews even if they do not themselves directly instigate them, and in the libraries founded by great philanthropists eager students read with passionate energy the ritual nurder histories written by idiots, lunatics and rogues in section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the section of the secti

Hypocrisy of the Nations.

If one appeals to the wretched hypocrites of "humanity," of "progress," of "justice," shows them the crime committed against our brethren, and asks them how they can quietly look on at this wholesale oppression, they wearily shrug their shoulders and murmur something like: "We

"... the downfall of six million creatures ... for no war has ever yet destroyed six million human lives."

The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), September 1, 1911, page 1.

The above is from the speech of Max Nordau (real name: Simon Maximilian Südfeld), co-founder of the World Zionist Organisation, at the 10th Zionist Congress in Basle, Switzerland on August 9, 1911. The speech is also quoted in: The Jewish Chronicle (London), August 18th, 1911, page 14. And The Reform Advocate (Chicago), September 9th, 1911, Volume 43, page 120.

"Russia has since 1890 adopted a deliberate plan to expel or exterminate six millions of its people for no other reason than that they refuse to become members of the Greek Church, but prefer to remain Jews."

American Jewish Year Book Volume 13 (1911 - 1912), page 308.

"Russia is now asphyxiating the Jews. It does not dare to offend the nations by blood spilling, so it is slowly, but surely grinding out the lives of 6,000,000 Jews."

The above is from a speech made by American Zionist leader Rabbi Stephen S. Wise at Carnegie Hall, New York, on September 11, 1912. He was the first in our list, this is his second appearance, and far from his final one.

No.14, October 1913

"There are six million Jews in Russia and the government is anxious to annihilate them by methods that provoke protests from the civilized world."

Fort Wayne Journal Gazette (IN), October 18, 1913, page 4.

APPEAL FOR AID FOR JEWS.

American Committee Tells of Suffering Due to the War.

The American Jewish Relief Committee, called into being at a conference of more than 100 national Jewish organizations which was held at Temple Emanu-El on Oct. 25 to consider the plight of more than 6,000,000 Jews who live within the war zone, has elected Louis Marshall Chairman, Cyrus L. Sulzberger Secretary, and Felix M. Warburg Treasurer, and has issued the following appeal:

The American Jewish Relief Committee for Sufferers from the War appeals to you to aid, with the utmost generosity and self-sacrifice, the fund now being gathered to provide relief for the families of the Jewish people in various parts of Europe and Asla who have been deprived of their means of sustenance either through the killing or wounding of their bread winners, through the destruction of the towns in which they live, or through the resulting economic distress.

Our coreligionists, in common with their fellow-citizens of other creeds, are contributing with their usual liberality to the several national and international relief funds. Neither these contributions nor those for local charities should be lessened by reason of the necessity which impels us to make this special appeal to their

The disaster, in which the whole world shares, falls with disproportionate weight upon the Jewish people, more than nine millions of whom live in the countries at war and over six millions of these in the actual war zone in Poland, Galicia, and the whole Russian frontier. Throughout this section the horrors of war and the devastation due to conflict have come upon a population already so oppressed and impoverished by persecution as to leave no reserve for this new calamity. Hunger, disease, destitution in its extremest form confront a Jewish population as numerous as that of Belgium.

These exceptional circumstances have impelled the formation of the American Jewish Relief Committee, with a view to unite all sections of Jewry in the United States in this supreme effort in the greatest crisis that has faced the Jewish people in modern times. Representatives from all parts of the United States and of every shade of opinion have participated in the deliberations which brought about the formation of this committee in the hope that united, concerted action would produce the

In Poland and Galicia, where great contending armies are now engaged, it would not be wise to intrust a committee of people who have instituted a religious and racial boycott against Jews with the duty of aiding or distributing funds among the large Jewish population in those countries. The sad conditions in Russia are well known. Palestine, whose main source of subsistence is cut off, and whose economic life has been paralyzed, is likewise in preparations.

In view of these considerations and the exceptional severity of the conditions, we appeal to the Jews of America to come without stint to the rescue of their afflicted brethren. It is the purpose of this committee, should it be found that no relief funds are available in those districts, that this fund be applied to the relief of the most urgent distress, without regard to race or creed.

At the time of the Russian Pogroms the Jews of this country contributed nearly \$1,500,000 for the relief of the victims. The present calamity is vastly greater and requires, accordingly, greater measure of relief.

In cities which have already established associate relief committees we ask you to make your donations and pledges to your local Treasurer, or, if you are a member of a national organization in co-operation with this committee, to the Treasurer of your organization, or to send your checks or pledges direct to the Treasurer of the American Jewish Relief Committee, Felix M. Warburg, 53 William Street, New York.

This appeal is signed by the Executive Committee, made up of prominent citizens of all the larger cities in the country

The New Hork Times

Published: December 2, 1914
Copyright © The New York Times

"... the plight of more than 6,000,000 Jews who live within the war zone, ... The disaster, in which the whole world shares, falls with disproportionate weight upon the Jewish people, more than nine millions of whom live in the countries at war and over six millions of these in the actual war zone in Poland, Galicia, and the whole Russian frontier."

JEWS' INDIFFERENCE TO WAR AID REBUKED

Louis Marshall Denounces Apathy Toward Suffering of Co-Religionists.

MILLIONS IN DIRE DISTRESS

Dr. Enelow Plead with the
Rich to Give.

Louis Marshall, speaking at a meeting in Temple Emanu-El last night, deplored what he termed the failure of the Jews of America, particularly of New York, to realize the terrible calamity that has overtaken the millions of Jews whose homes are in the eastern theatre of the European war.

The meeting was held in the interest of the American Jewish Relief Committee, of which committee Mr. Marshall is President. Besides Mr. Marshall Congressman-elect Meyer London, and the Rev. Dr. H. G. Enclow of Temple Emanu-El spoke. Like Mr. Marshall, each deplored the fact that the Jews of America have not given the assistance they should to their suffering coreligionists. Further emphasis on the same subject was contained in a letter from Jacob H. Schiff, read by Mr. Marshall. "It is discouraging," said Mr. Mar-

shall," to those who have devoted so much time and energy to this work that there has been so small a response from Jews in New York, a city which is so great a Jewish centre. It seems to me that the people are so dazed by the European cataclysm that they are unable to realize that it is their duty to aid of those who are suffering through the

"In the world today there are about 13,000,000 Jews, of whom more than 15,000,000 are in the very heart of the war zone; Jews whose lives are at stake and who today are subjected to every manner of suffering and sorrorw, and the grerat American Jewish community is not doing its duty toward these sufferers. In the United States there are between 2,000,000 and 3,000,000 Jews, nearly all able to do something and yet, after months of work, we have not raised more than \$300,000. In New York there are more than 1,000,000 Jews, some of them persons of great affluence, but many of them seem to think if they give a few hundred dollars they have done their duty.

"We hear of pogroms in Russia, in Poland, in Galicia, and et we sit indifferent. In Palestine starvation stalks through the land. Shall we selfishly enjoy ourselves and say we would like to, but cannot help because of hard times, and think we are doing out duty? No. The time has come for every man and women and child to do his duty, and we must fulfill that duty quickly or it may be too late in hundreds of thousands of cases."

At this point Mr. Marshall read Mr. Schiff's letter. Mr. Schiff said his own interest in the work was intense, and that it should appeal to every Jew. Private reports he has received, Mr. Schiff said, showed conditions in Russia, Palestine, Poland, and Galicia, the frightful nature of which could not be pictured.

He said that the Emanu-El congregation is the largest and wealthiest in the United States and hoped that its members would give in proportion to their means. He further suggested a committee to canvass the congregation for a Temple Emanu-El Fund and said he would contribute. Mr. Marshall put the suggestion in the form of a motion which was unanimously carried. Mr. Marshall will name the committee soon.

Mr. London said this was the "worst period in Jewish history," and that the having of millions of Jewish peoples depended on the generosity of more fortunate Jews of the United States.

Dr. Enelow emphasized what Mr. Marshall had said and added that never before were the Jews of this country confronted with so great a duty.

"In the world today there are about 13,000,000 Jews, of whom more than 6,000,000 are in the heart of the war zone; Jews whose lives are at stake and who today are subjected to every manner of suffering and sorrow ... Mr. London said this was the "worst period in Jewish history,"

"Six million Jews, one-half of the Jewish people throughout the world, are being persecuted, hounded, humiliated, tortured, starved. ... have mercy on the six million Jews in Russia ... being tortured so mercilessly."

"… six millions of Russian and Polish Jews are to-day the most pitiable victims of that race hatred and that race fanaticism which have been the creed of Germany …"

The Mercury (Hobart, Australia), December 4, 1915, page 7.

"... where six million human beings guilty only of adherence to the Jewish faith are compelled to live out their lives in squalor and misery, in constant terror of massacre ... estimated at six million or more ... of these six million people ... a kind of prison with six million inmates ... The persons most affected, the six million Jews of Russia ... The Jews are loyal and brave, and it is most inadvisable to pursue a policy which might convert six million subjects into enemies. ... the six million Jews of Russia still continued ... nearly three of the six million ..."

The President of the United States—6,000,000 Starving, Homeless, People—and January 27th

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

Harmon Rell,
Joseph F. Cockiston,
G. R. Dandels,
Mrs. I. M. Dinkelspiel,
Mrs. Maris Falk,
Dr. Susan J. Fenton,
Miss Esther Frank,
R. Garfinkle,
H. Goldman,
H. Goldman,
Mrs. Hobert Hill,
Miss I. Henoch,
O. S. Hotle,
Dr. F. P. Juckson,
A. Jonas,
Frederick Kahn,
Mrs. Prederick Kahn,
Mrs. A. Lavenson,
Miss Sara Lavensoh,
Mrs. Dall,
Mrs. Dallon,
Mrs. Mellon,
Mrs. George Samuels,
Mrs. George Samuels,
Mrs. E. Schwarzbaum,
Ocean Sulro,
Joseph H. Lerser,
Willon, Walker,
Mrs. J. Taylor,
Willow Walker,
Mrs. J. Taylor,
Willow Walker,
Mrs. J. Taylor,
Willow Walker,
Mrs. J. F. Taylor,
Willow Walker,
Mrs. J. F. Taylor,
Willow Walker,
Mrs. J. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerser,
Mrs. J. H. Lerse

GENERAL COMMITTEE

A Jones, Chairman.
Mrs. Mathida Brown,
Jossoh E. Caine,
H. C. Capwell,
Mrs. C. C. Clay,
Her. Edward P. Dempat,
Judge W. H. Donnhue,
W. H. Lebrarde,
B. A. Forsterer,
M. Unidwater,
George W. Histeh,
F. A. Leach Jr.,
W. H. Lehnert,
S. M. Macka,
Rev, A. W. Palmer,
Mrs. M. J. Repual,
S. Ringolsky,
Judne George Samuela,
B. F. Shabiro,
Rep. Silventein,
Whilam South,
H. C. Taif,
Mrs. L. M. Van Slyke,
Mrs. L. M. Van Slyke,
Mrs. L. M. Van Slyke,

The Exponent

Why should the President, by proclamation to the people of the nation, fix upon January 27th as the day for contributing toward the relief of over six million Jews located in the Far Fastern War Zone?

Money will not be refused if offered before that date; there will be need of it for a long time afterward.

But it was the President's purpose to have the people stop and think long enough to realize that the unprecedented suffering and misery calls for more than the ordinary consideration from those who are comfortably housed, well fed, clothed and free from the slightest oppression.

The Governor of the State and the Mayor of the City have followed the President's example and a large committee of citizens is at work carrying out the purposes of the Proclamation

The Committee is not asking for any stated amount and has no expectations to be met. What is given must be the measure of the donor's sympathy for a people who are experiencing the most appalling distress in the history of modern times.

Believing in the humanity of the people of Oakland and vicinity, we are relying upon their willingness to help without being personally solicited.

He gives twice who gives quickly; he gives ten-fold who gives voluntarily.

We want all contributions to be as large as possible — we want none which cannot be afforded. Dimes and nickels often indicate as big a heart as would a thousand dollars.

Checks may be made payable to Frederick Kahn, Treas-

Boxes for the reception of smaller donations will be placed in many of the stores, in banks, on prominent street corners and elsewhere.

COMMITTEE ON JEWISH WAR RELIEF
Acting on the President's Proclamation.

JOSEPH R. HNOWLAND,

A. 10NAS. Chairman General Committee.

HEADOUARTERS:

1418 Broadway, Central Bank Building, 14th and Broadway

"The President of the United States—6,000,000 Starving, Homeless, People—and January 27th Why should the President, by proclamation to the people of the nation, fix upon January 27th as the day for contributing towards the relief of ever six million, lower located in the Far Fastern War 7cme?"

Oakland Tribune (CA), January 25th, 1916, page 1. This advert also appeared on the front page on the following day's edition of the Oakland Tribune.

"… there were 6,000,000 Jews in Europe absolutely without food or resources."

The Tacoma Times (WA), February 28th, 1916, page 3.

No.24, February 1916

"Judge Sanders, President of the Society, in his annual report declared that even the wrongs of the Belgians could not be compared to the outrages heaped upon the Polish Jews. "Nearly six million Jews are ruined," he said."

THE JEWS AND THE WAR

Meetings at Barnstaple.

The annual meetings of the local branch of the British Society for the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jaws were held on Thursday at the Rackfield Hall, Barnstaple (by kind permission of Mr. Stamer).

In the afternoon the Mayoress (Mrs. F. A. Jewell) presided, and there was a representative gathering of all denomination—in the town. Among others present were Mr. and Mrs. Stanger and the depu-

tation (Ray F. J. Exlay).

Mr. J. K. Curry (the local Hon. Secretary) presented a pleasing report, in which he stated that public opinion was more favourable than it had been towards the object the Society had in view. The financial year (1914-15) had been a good one, the total receipts being £91s. The Rackfield Hall box yielded 11s. 3d., and Miss Cox's box 8s 6d.

The Secretary was Leartily thanked for his

The Rev. F. J. Exter delivered an eloquent and interesting address on the "Jews and the War," after which light refreshments were provided by a

few friends for the gathering.

In the evening Mr. STANGER presided over a large attendance, and interestingly told of how he worked among the Jews who attended the Barnstaple Fair. He had always found them most courteous—gentiemanly, he might say—and they were ever willing to hear his remarks on spiritual matters. One thing he could not talk to them about was their manner of living; the Jews were by far a cleaner-living race than the English.

The Rev. F. J. Exley gave another engrossing address or "The Jews and the War," but dealt with his theme from a different standpoint to that of the afternoon, and reitersted as little as possible what he had said at the afternoon meeting. The Jews, he said, had thrown themselves into this great conflict, that was testing men and revealing the secrets of their hearts. To uncounted thousands of Jows this War was the latest chapter in the age of long sorrow of the martyrdom of their people. Referring to how the War affected the Jews, he said that fully ten millions out of the thirteen millions of Jews in the world had found homes in the countries at present engaged in this Titanic struggle. In some of these countries the War Jound these people smarting under the same of bitter wrong. But instead of saying "You have shown us you wanted to do without us in time of peace, you can do without us in time of War," old fends were ignored, and old quarrels forgotten, and the Jews flocked in thousands to the colours. One of the tradegies of the situation was that the Jew had been compelled by his some of duty to take up the sword against the Jewhother fighting against brother. One saw the fineness of it too, because it meant cach were possessed of the true spirit of patriotism; each was ready to shoulder the responsibilities as well as enjoy the privileges of citizenship. When the Warbroke out into the heroic Serbian Army there passed 2,500 Jews. In the French Army there passed 1,700; in the Italian Army were an equal number; in the army of Great Britain and the Dominions—and he was speaking of the figures before Lord Derby's sobeme was introduced—were 23,000 Jews. (Applause.) A more significant fact was that Russia, in her army, had no fewer than 645,000 Jews. So in the Armics of the Allies there were considerably over ball a million of Jews. The speaker related the adventures of a company of soldiers composed accountively of Turka, who had done extremely valuable and appreciable work in the Gallipoli Peninsula, where thei

On questions being invited a member of the audience asked the Rev. Exley whether the Jews' return to Palestine would be a political or a religious movement. Mr. Exley said he thought it would be neither; the movement would he thought, rather be of a national character, because there would be non-Christians among them. It would arise from the desire of the Jews to have a land of their own, and he thought this War was bringing this about. The Jews would be tired, so to speak, of this conflict, and would seek refuge in their own land.

11 3s. 6d., the evening offering continue the 6d

"In Poland, in Southern and Western Russia, six million Jews resided when the War broke out. They lived there in the pale of settlement, in poverty, and were terribly overcrowded."

Bringing Word From War Lost Jews; The Sort of News That Comes From Poland, Austria and Russia.

(By Ruth Pickering-Exclusive Service The Survey Press Bureau).

"Seek Chiam, the dark one, my brother. I saw him last in the village of Novaia."

"Learn for me of Mendel, my son, the man who limps. Ask the people in the town of Kalach, in the south of Russia. They will know what has become of him."

With requests like these on their lips, thousands of east side Jews are daily climbing six flights of stairs at 77 Delaucey street, New York city, for in their first hurry to get word of those whom they had lost, they broke the elevator.

In a small auditorium and a few extra rooms at this address the Hebrew Shelter and Immigrant Aid Society of America is telling the Jews of this country what has become of their friends and relatives abroad. The undertaking was begun last fall, when Isadore Hershfield went abroad to organize in Rotterdam a center of communication between American Jews and their suffering relatives in Poland, Russia and Austria.

The First List.

In December the first list sent back by Mr. Hershfield, containing a thousand names of persons who had been asked for or who were inquiring for the help of some friend here, was read at a meeting overflowing the rooms of the bureau by hundreds. The next day 200 or 300 who had been forced to wait on the sidewalks the night before were given news of their loyed ones, and by given news of their loved ones, and by 5 o'clock the bureau had filed 11,333 fresh requests for information. Periodic public meetings have since been held to give out news received from abroad.

Mr. Hershfield having organized his headquarters in Rotterdam, proceeded to Berlin, and is now in Poland. From there he expects to go into Russia

Most of those who are lost live in the small towns where Jews seldom have a family name. In the large towns, since the Jews were freed, they have adopted family names, often by governmental request. All the eards of the applicants for information ask for the nickname, and when the applicant has given this and the correct name, the last known European address of these still in Russia who might know of him, he is hauded a card with a number on it and is asked not to come back, until he receives a postal from the bureau.

Relief Funds.

When news finally comes—perhaps that his father is alive with his sister in the little village of Zamoste in southern Poland, but that she has consumption contracted from pestilence in the wake of war and he is without money to help her, or perhaps that his brother is a prisoner in an Austrian camp, or that his mother had died because she has no money for food—then the applicant is sent for and it is some one's task to tell him what word has been received.

The news is almost always tragic. That intense family feeling so characteristic of the Jews becomes more than ever clear as the heart-broken father or mother or son or daughter, turns away from the desk and returns in a day or two asking how \$50 or \$75 can be safely sent abroad.

These small amounts of money for relief are supplemented by money raised in energetic campaigns carried on throughout this country to send to the six million Jews reported starving in the warring countries.

Three million, seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars has up to date been collected and sent to Jews in Russia, Galicia, Poland and Palestine by the Jewish Relief committee. Their first mass meeting in Carnegie hall New York city, brought in \$800,000 in pledges and actual contributions. Since theo railies all over the United States have raised the amount to where it now stands.

Under the joint committee on lewish relief, of which Pelix Warbury is chairman, are two other committees: One the central committee working for funds among the synagogues, and the other, the people's relief committee. The latter branch cooperates with the trade unions and solicits from business people. The woman's auxiliary of this committee, with Mrs. Philip Lewisoka as chairman, has planned a series of tag days to gather money.

To keep alive the two and one-half million Jows in the twenty Russian provinces under the care of the Jewish Colonization society in Petrograd, it is estimated that 620,000 roubles per month is needed.

While the money is being used primarily to buy bread, it is being spent also, it is declared, to rebuild schools. In these schools children will be clothed and fed, and distracted as far as possible from the misery in which they are growing up. Where armies have fought and passed on as in Galicia, some of the money is going for rehabilitation.

"... six million Jews reported starving in the warring countries."

"Six million Jews are living in lands where they are oppressed, exploited, crushed and robbed of every inalienable human right."

Corsicana Daily Sun (TX), February 16th, 1917, page 2.

"In the war zone of Europe there are six million Jews who have been the war's worst sufferers."

Fort Wayne News and Sentinel (IN) June 22, 1918, page 1 (Editorial & State News Section).

"Claims Palestine Has Room For Six Million ... "It is quite possible for Palestine to find room for five to six millions ... 800,000 hectares will suffice to produce the food of six millions of people,""

STIRRING MESSAGE ON JEWISH RELIEF FROM DR. NATHAN KRASS

Eloquent Rabbi, at Local Luncheon, Touches the Hearts of His Hearers—Fund to Be Raised in Kern County

More than thirty citizens of Bakersfield met Dr. Nathan Krass, representing the Jewish Relief committee, at luncheon today at the new St. Francis cafe at 1 o'clock, to hear his mission concerning the work of that committee in ministering to the six million starving Jews in Poland, Galicia and other stricken Eastern provinces and they heard a message powerful in expression and thought and convincing in its appeal.

The tables were decorated with the flags of the allied nations, and after the delightful luncheon. Jos Redlick, who presided, presented Dr. Krass, who is a noted rabbi of New York and who is making a nation wide tour in the behalf of the cause

No effort to raise a fund was made That was not the purpose of the function. But the speaker, after relating that \$12,000.000 had been raised last year, and that \$20,000,000 will be needed this year, that Jow and Gentile alike, all over the land are interested in the work as they are in all war work, said there is no quota for Bakersfield, that the amount that will be contributed rests on the generosity of the people and the virility fo the leadership.

Dr. Krass spoke for 30 minutes, and his pictures of the suffering and distress in the east left an indelible impress on the minds of his bearers while his words of patriotism, his praise of the unity of the American propole touched a responsive chord

In forceful words the terrible tragedies enacted in the eastern part of Europe and in Palestine were de scribed by the orator. Words cannot begin to describe the suffering of the Jewish people in that far away region

Scene after scene of the terrible cruelties forced upon the Jews by

"Little children, half crazed by lack of food, eat the grass in the fields to stay their hunger, while the older people are dying in great numbers from starvation." said Dr. Krass. The fund which is being raised by the American Jewish Relief War organization is to be used as a humanitarian fund to furnish relief to the suffering Jews, and not to further a religious demonstration, the speaker pointed out. This is practically the first time that the American population as a whole has been asked to help the Jewish cause and they have been most magnanimous in their response, he said.

"We are now united as a people in America as we never were before. The hyphen is being washed away by the precious blood of our boys 'Over There.' A Jowish boy in Flanders held aloft a crucifix before the eyes of his dying Catholic comrade white a Protestant lad ran to fetch a little water to moisten the praying lips. That picture typifies the new spirit of fellowship. No more divisions through creedal hatreds. And in the spirit of those three American soldiers 'Over There' the people here must unite in all good causes for common humanity."

Bakersfield citizens, later, will or ganize to take up the work for the Jewish relief. The committee will consist of Jews and non-Jews, and the sentiment expressed following the luncheon reflecting that of the community, there will be the usual generous response that this city and county give to all worthy causes in connection with the war.

Those who attended the luncheon to meet Dr. Krass were:

A. Weill, Joseph Redlick, W. H. Hill, H. A. Jastro, M. M. Lichtenstein, Alfred Harrell, B. E. Diggs, Max Fleischman, H. A. Peairs, M. Hochtenier, S. Weiskopf, J. A. Hughes, H. I. Tupman, Norman Misrarh, O. Scharjries, Joseph Chain, Martin Ruhn, Ike Harrison, Sam Bork, W. Kaye, Arthur S. Crites, A. W. Mason, Edgar R. Fuller, Daniel Harris, A. L. Waugenheim, Abe Reigler, Nat R. Solomon, Morris Green, James Bloom, E. A. Klein, Jos Malalmrude,

"... the six million starving Jews in Poland, Galicia and other stricken Eastern provinces ..."

SAMUEL MASON DESCRIBES AWFUL SUFFERING OF RUSSIAN REFUGES

Special Commissioner of Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant So ciety Submits Report of His Six Months Labor at Harbin and Vladivostock

Describes Relief Work Among 20,000 Russian Refugees Who Have Been Compelled to Travel Thousands of Miles to Escape the Enemy.

In a report to the director of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society, Mr. Samuel Mason, who went to Japan and Russia as special commissioner for the organization, tell the story of the terrible hardships endured by Jewish war refugees from Russia. The report describes the havot the war has caused among the six million Jews of Russia. Driven by the invading armies the Jews have been compelled to flee from their homes; tens of thousands have traveled thousands of miles amidst the greatest hardships to escape the enemy. Over 20,000 Jewish war refugees are scattered east of the Urals.

The relief organized by the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society of America came none too soon. The work is only in its inception, but what has been accomplished thus far shows that American Jewry must make strenuous endeavors to rescue these war refugees, the vast majority of them women and children from the jaws of death.

Mr. Mason arrived in Yokohama on January 1. From that day until July 5, when he left to return to New York for the purpose of reporting upon this work and discussing the needs of the future, his whole time was occupied in organizing relief agencies in Yokohama, Harbin, Valdivostock, Tokyo, Kobe and Nagassaki. The result of the work is embodied in the report to the board of directors of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society of America, now made public by Mr. John L. Bernstein, the president.

Among the refugees were one hundred and six non-Jews, Poles, Slavs, Armenians, Syrians and Persians. It goes without saying that they received every care. As previously stated, more than 20,000 refugees are scattered east of the Urals. This is a conservative estimate. Driven by the enemy, thousands of miles from

their homes, they went eastward in their flight, because their nearest of kin are in the United States. They, too, are stranded but their position is made more precarious by a hostile regime augemented by the setting loose of thousands of German was prisoners, who look upon the Jewish victims as the easiest prey for exercising their ill-concealed desire for vengeance upon their ene mies. Thus the plight of the 8,000 Jewish refugees from Kown and Suwalke Gubernias now in Tomsk was for a time indescrib able, owing to the persecution of the fomer German prisoners whom the Bolsheviki permitted to administer and control tha city.

The condition at Vladivostock is deplorable, the main trouble there is with the male refugees who are not given any assistance by the local community. Says Mr. Mason: "They are actually picking up crumbs of bread wherever they can find them and they sleep in any shed they can find along the railroad tracks. Their number is very large. In the course of my investigation in Vladivostock I came across several hundreds at the railroad station at 5 o'clock one morning. Their pitiful pleas and the recital of their horrible plight nearly broke my heart.

From the very inception of the work, even before Mr. Mason sailed for the Far East, the United States Government evinced a deep interest in the fate of the refugees, and "had it not been for the broad humanitarianism that actuates the administration in Washington, our efforts," Mr. Mason reports, "might have been frustrated at the very outset. War conditions made it necessary for the promulgation of a new policy in regard to the visa of alien passports and the American Consuls in Japan naturally had to guide themselves accordingly. However, due to your prompt action in advising the State Department of the character of our work and thanks to the thorough comprehension of that work by our Government officials, some of the greatest difficulties were overcome after the State Department had issued special instructions to the American Consuls at Harbin, Vladivostock, Kobe and Yokohama relative to the passports of women and children—war refugees—who are destined to male relatives in the United States. The consuls not only followed the letter of the modified instructions of the State Department, but they evidenced too a willingness to reflect the liberal spirit of President Wilson's administration. Having satisfied themselves as to the worthiness and the eligibility of the applicant, they promptly visaed the passport.

"The report describes the havoc the war has caused among the six million Jews of Russia. Driven by the invading armies, the Jews have been compelled to flee from their homes;"

The Columbus Jewish Chronicle (OH), September 13, 1918, page 1.

\$1,000,000,000 FUND TO REBUILD JEWRY

Six Million Souls Will Need Help to Resume Normal Life When War Is Ended.

LOANS WITHOUT INTEREST

Committee of American Jews Lays
Plans for the Greatest Humanitarian Task in History.

The American people, Jews and non-Jews alike, will soon be asked to lend or contribute the larger part of a fund of approximately \$1,000,000,000 to carry out plans for the reconstruction of the Jewry of the entire world. Announcement to this effect, together with the general plan of procedure, was made public last night, following a meeting held yesterday in the office of Felix M. Warburg of Kuhn, Loeb & Co., Chairman of the Joint Distribution Committee of the American Funds for Jewish War Sufferers.

While the appeal will ge out to the enlire world, the people of war-ravaged Europe, it is believed, will not be in position to further the plan financially to any large extent, so that the burden will fall upon the United States, Canada, and

The money for the project, the largest purely humanitarian undertaking in history, will not be sought alone through contributions, but will embrace loans, and will be accepted from non-Jewish as well as Jewish sources. The exact date and the duration of the campaign for the billion-dollar reconstruction fund was not announced, but preliminary work loss already begun.

The plan is the result of months of study by the Joint Distribution Committee of reports from every country in which Jews have been made to suffer through the war, and includes the sending of commissions of American Jews, experts in philanthropy, social service, education, and business, to Russia, Rumania, Poland, Palestine, Serbia, Greece, Bulgaria, and other lands as soon as the international situation permits. The work has already been initiated in several countries where recent allied successes have made a beginning possible.

0,000,000 Jews Need Help.

From reports from representative abroad it is estimated that of the 9, Jewish population of the world, exclusive of the 3,000,000 Jews in the United States, a quarter of the number are destitute, starving, and homeless, and fully half will need assistance to become self-supporting again.

Loans without interest will be made available to Jews in various parts of the world so that business enterprises may be reconstructed. The only security will be the stability of the industries after they have been put upon a sound business foundation. The only mortgages, it was said, will be "mortgages of honor" on the word of the leavieth eneets.

The work has already been inaugurated through the organization of three commissions. Miss H. Goldman, daughter of Dr. Julius Goldman of New York, is now on her way to Saloniki, and she will visit Serbia, Bulgaria, and Rumania as soon as possible to establish a branch of the committee in each country. Dr. Solomon Lowenstein, Superintendent of the Hebrew Orphan Asylum of New York, is on his way to this country, following an inspection trip to Palestine on behalf of the committee. Dr. Boris D. Bogen, Secretary of the Field Bureau of the National Conference of Jowish Charities, has applied for passports for Vladivostok, and will go there under

Realizing the immensity of the task of reconstruction and the labor, funds, and scientific knowledge required, the Joint Distribution Committee has inaugurated a study of the huge problem, with a view to being prepared as rapidly as conditions allow to enter upon a program of permanent rehabilitation, suited to the especial needs, environment, and circumstances of the Jews in different

The commissions to be sent from America will perform their labors and render American assistance through representative Jews of the nations and localities to which they go, following out the present policy of the Joint Distribution Committee in disbursing the more than \$20,000,000 raised by American Jewry for war relief since 1914.

Outline of Reconstruction Plan.

It is planned to give reconstruction work the benefit of American system, energy, and resourcefulness, reinforced by American millions. The scope of the undertaking in its broad outlines embraces the following:

Immediate and temporary assistance necessary to pave the way for permanent regenstruction, viz.: the supplying of food, clothing, shelter and medical attention.
Scientific study upon the ground of

the various forms reconstruction shall take, according to the needs of the several populations.

3. Employment of labor, through the planning and carrying out of projects by which workers may be most advantageously and economically made self-supporting and the public welfare furthest ad-

   Repairization of refugees and the reestablishment of the family and home.
   Supplying of raw materials needed for the industrial life of the community.
   Vecational and technical schools for 7. Gerniluth Chasodim—the extension of free loans—loans without interest—to the deserving, for the purpose of engaging in

4. Provision for the spiritual and moral welfare, through assistance to the Pabbis, Yeshivoti (Jewish Theological Usiversity). Taimud Toraha (Religious Schools) and other religious end higher educational factors essential to the Jewtsh faith.

5. The return to the United States of American citizens, exiled through the was in enemy and neutral countries, reuniting them to their families.

"Monbers of the Joint Distribution Committee, desiring to anticipate the tremendous need and the magnificent opportunity for service presented by the reconstruction problems of Jewry, have for many months been considering the practical steps to be taken, once it should be possible to enter upon the task, the immensity of which staggers the imagination," said Mr. Warburg in the statement accompanying the announcement of the plans by the Joint Distribution Committee.

"To that end," he continued, "numerous conferences have been held, budgets for the beginning of the work are now in preparation, and tentative plans have been laid for the methods to be pursued and the nellices to

Loans Versus Contributions.

"America has learned through the Liberty Loan the value of loans and how these can be made to accomplish what cannot be accomplished by contributions. There is no doubt that a arge part of the money required to carry out the program for Jewish reconstruction will be obtained through loans which will repay not only the original principal advanced, but divisind of gratitude of the Jewish people and the which comes from noblal construction will be given to enable the program of the composition of the Jewish people and the which comes from noblal construction which comes from noblal composition of the supporting and in this way the principal will be amply secured, twill be possible to arrange for repayment of the sums advanced.

"Buropean Jewry, the Jewry in Russia, Poland, Palestine, has ever been a
people that has struggied hard to obtain
a meagre livelihood—a poor people. Add-\ned to the hardships and toil of ordinary\nexistence they have been compelled to
suffer the deprivations, want, and mis-\nery of four years of war, in many instances being forcest to evacuate their
homes and be deprived of all their possessions. Hundreds of thousands have
died, and of the millions remaining a
very large percentage, probably 30 per
cent. will have ro be assisted in the reconstruction of their lives and fortunes
Upon American Jewry falls both the
burden and the privilege of leading to
be a preserved to the proper of the color
burden and the privilege of leading to
be object the preserved the Joint Distribution of minimum or preserved the Joint Distribution of minimum theory, has taken upon
these to perform.

The Joint Distribution Committee plans to call to its aid every element of Jewry both here and abroad ot assist and opportunity will be provided for all

Experience, Brains, Money.

"There is available in American Jewry every factor necessary to the successful carrying out of this project. Experience, brains, the will to do, and the wherewithal are not lacking. The Joint Distribution Committee will seek to enroll in the undertaking not only the thousands who have contributed in the past to the war relief funds, but in fact every Jewish man and woman and child in America."

The Joint Distribution Committee, under whose direction the work of rehabilitation will be conducted, is made up of the representatives of the American, Central, and People's Jewish War Relief Committees, and early in the wat the committee was responsible for the sending of a commission to Poland for the purpose of gathering reliable information and statistics as to the situation to be alleviated by American funds. It has since established and now maintains a permanent branch of the committee in Holland, which receives reports directly from the occupied territories where the moneys for relief are disbursed on the recommendation of Dr. Albert Van Raalte, who has just returned to Holland from a second inspection trip of the occupied territories.

The nearly \$21,600,000, collected for re-\nief by the three constituent committees
and disbursed by the Joint Distribution
committee, represents a per capita conribution of nearly \$7 from the 3,000,000\news in America, the largest per capita
contribution that has been made to any\ningle war relief by any people. This
toes not take into account the contri-\nution of American Jews to the Red
From and to other relief assencies. In
ta larger amounts the \$20,000,000 so far
oblected has been disbursed as follows:
tuesia, \$7,000,000; Folland \$5,000,000.

Cha Committee Wembers

The Committee Members.

The members of the Joint Distribution Committee include, besides Mr. Werburg, Chairman, Arthur Lehman of Lehman Brothers, and Paul Baerwald of Lazard Frères, Treasurers: Albert Lucas, Secretary, the following members: Jacob H. Schiff, Louis Marshall, ulius Rosenwald, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, Jacob Wertheim, Colonel Harriy Tutier, Oscar S. Straus, Nathan Straus, Henry Morgenthau, Abram I. Elkus, Dr. Judah L. Magnes, Harriet B. Lowenstein, Jacob Billikopf, Stanley Bero, Dr. Yrus Adler, Baruch Zuckerman, Harry B. Simmen, A. C. Wurmser, Peter Wirnik, Colonel Harris Weinsteck, A. Let Weil, Colonel Harris Weinsteck, A. Let Weil, Colonel Isaac M. Ullman, Marion M. Travis, Louis Topkis, Rabbi Asror Petichbaum, Mayer Sulzberger of Philalelphia, Cyrus K. Sulzberger, Nat Stone, Albram Simon, Max Sentor, Moses Schoenberg, Joseph H. Schoenfeld, Leer Schoenberg, Joseph H. Schoenfeld, Leer Schoenberg, Joseph Michaels, Rabbi M. Sanders, Morris Rothenberg, Otto A. Rosalsky, Samuel E. Rauh, Samuel Philipson, Joseph Mychaels, Rabbi M. S. Margolles, Judge Julian W. Mack, Meyel Lehman, Rabbi Nathan Krass, Rabbi Louis J. Kopald, Louis E. Kirstein, Leor Kamatky, Alexander Kahn, J. Goseph, Louis Isaacs, the Rev. Emil G. Hirsch, Lidore Hirschfield, Mrs. Janes Simmons Harris, Rabbi Moses Gries Meyer Gillis, Fellx Fuld, Dr. Harry Friedenwald, Professor Israel Friedlander, J. Walter Freiberg, Dr. Lee K. Frankel, Mortimer Fleischbecker, Harry Friedenwald, Professor Israel Friedlander, J. Walter Freiberg, Dr. Lee K. Frankel, Mortimer Fleischbecker, Harry Friedenwald, Professor Israel Friedlander, J. Walter Freiberg, Dr. Lee K. Frankel, Mortimer Fleischbecker, Harry Friedenwald, Professor Israel Friedlander, J. Walter Freiberg, Dr. Lee K. Frankel, Mortimer Fleischbecker, Harry Friedenwald, Professor Jersel Friedlander, J. Walter Freiberg, Dr. Lee K. Grankel, Mortimer Fleischbecker, Harry Friedenwald, Professor Jersel Friedlander, J. Walter Freiberg, Dr. Lee K. Grankel, Mortimer Fleischbecker, Harry Friedenwald, Professo

"\$1,000,000,000 FUND TO REBUILD JEWRY Six Million Souls Will Need Help to Resume Normal Life When War Is Ended. ... 6,000,000 Jews Need Help."

The New York Times, October 18, 1918

"JEWISH STATE IN PALESTINE PLANNED Immigration of 6,000,000 Jews to Palestine Will Be Provided For. A Jewish Palestine which will absorb six million people … Plans have already been perfected for regulating the migration of six million Jews to Palestine."

Schenectady Gazette (NY), February 21, 1919, page 2.

SIX MILLION ARE STARVING

Gov. Hobby Issues Proclamation Calling on People to Help

There will be a campaign in Texas in behalf of the Jewish War Sufferers. Gov. Hobby has issued a proclamation to the people asking them to respond to the call for help. Every county in Texas is now being organized. In Navarro county organization is being effected with the view of putting on the campaign at as early a day as possible. A meeting of prominent citizens has been called for tonight at 8 o'clock at the Chamber of Commerce to make plans for the campaign.

Recently in New Orleans \$250,000 was raised for this fund in a short time and the State of Louisiana has raised a total of \$450,000. The feeling among Texans is that Texas can do what Louisiana has done, and Navarro county will doubtless do its part.

Dr. Henry H. Romfelt, director of the American Jewish Relief Committee, in a recent issue of the Jewish Monitor, published at Fort Worth. wrote as follows

The need for relief in war-wrecked Europe is greater now than ever before. With the signing of the armistice millions of people in the liberated areas were found to be suffering as perhaps people have never suffered before. In Galacia and Lithuania, the death rate among the children under five at the present time exceeds sixty percent, due to malnutrition. It is estimated that there are six million Jewish women, children and aged men actually starving to death. Mr. Louis Marshall recently said:

"We shall need more money than ever, now that the veil is about to be lifted which has prevented the outer world from appreciating the full extent of the suffering of the unfortunate inhabitants of Eastern Europe. Not only have our brethren been victims of famine, but the recent atrocties which they have undergone in Poland and Galacia beggar description."

Last year through the generosity of the Jews and non-Jews of America, we raised fifteen million dollars to help three million of our brethren, while this year, with the removal of the barriers, more than five million people cry to us for food. Will the people of America permit them to plead in tain?

Louisiana has replied with \$450,000 the proceeds of a campaign held in January of which amount the city of New Orleans contributed \$250,000 and the little city of Shreveport with a

population of 35,000, under the leaderthip of Rev. Jasper K. Smith, a Methodist minister, subscribed \$50,000.
Way out in Kansas, our state chairman, Henry Wallenstein of Wichita
joined forces with the Armenian and
Syrian relief committee, which will
add at least acother 100,000 to the
sacred fund. Mr August Kohn of Columbia, South Carolina, is preparing a
state drive and the governor of South
Carolina has called upon his citizen
thip to contribute at least \$150,000
Out in South Dakota 2 small group of
Jews invited the participation of lead\ning non-Jews and on March 28th the\nentire state will have an intensive
drive lasting three days which is cer
tain to bring another \$50,000 for our
stricken people. It will be interesting
to note that the chairman for this
drive is Lt. Gov. W. H. McMasters
who cheerfully answered the call to
serve us. The State of Arizona under
the leadership of David Goldberg of
Fhoenix, within a few days will send
a check for \$55,000, being the proceeds of their campaign recently concucted which netted \$110,000 to be\nequally divided between the Jewish
war sufferers and the Armenian and
Syrian relief committee.

Many other states, such as Kentucky, with Col. Fred Levy of Louisville as chairman, Texas under the generalship of Alex H. Sanger of Dallas, and several more, have pledged to raise large sums in order that the greatest tragedy in human history may be averted.

Notwithstanding the militating factors of unsettled business conditions, income tax, etc., we face the future confident that American generosity is not an evanescent thing which must be kept alive by the pressure of war, but instead a permanent spiritual enrichment which has transformed America into one of the greatest and happiest notions on the earth.

"SIX MILLION ARE STARVING ... It is estimated that there are six million Jewish women, children and aged men actually starving to death."

Corsicana Daily Sun (TX) April 3 1919 page 5

A Call for Help

T^he People of Galveston to Answer It

Six million Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia are dying of starvation. Refugees, they wander homeless, hungry, in rags. Herbert Hoover has said that one million people will die in Eastern Europe this winter. Thousands upon thousands will perish of starvation and exposure unless immediate aid comes from America. The destitution of Jewish war sufferers during the coming months will probably surpass anything ever known in the history of human suffering. Their suffering is worse than death—it is the lingering torture of starvation, the piteous tragedy of emaciation, the horrible waiting, in agony of hunger, for the grim reaper to end their misery. These six million despairing souls are totally dependent on American generosity for the bare necessities of life.

With this picture before us, how can we have the heart to sit down comfortably at our tables if we have not given to the limit to save the lives of these afflicted people. Only those who do not know can refuse to give. Only those who have not been told of children 5 years of age who, through want of food, have never been able to walk, of mothers who hide the dead bodies of their children to retain the bread cards—only those who have not heard of these heart-rending conditions can turn complacently aside the appeal for help.

Don't Wait to Be Asked Send in Your Check Now

Galveston's Quota \$25,000

Campaign Opens Monday, April 7

Every Dollar for Relief Expenses Met by Private Funds

Jewish War Relief Committee

GEORGE SEALY, Treasurer
L.H. KIEMINER,
Vice Chairman State Committee
RABBI HENRY COURN,
Chairman Guiveston Committee
CHAS. POWLER
RODY, L. COHEN

D. E. HARRISS
JULES BLOCK SED LASKER
FRANK ALIZEN
R. LEE KIIMPNER
JOHN NEETING
S. I. MILLER

Galveston Daily News April 4, 1919, p.3

"Six million Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia are dying of starvation. ... These six million despairing souls are totally dependent on American generosity for the bare necessities of life."

Galveston Must Do Its Part Your Help Is Needed

This is not only a duty but a privilege. In our own dark hour the world responded. We must now reciprocate. Six million Jews are dying of starvation. Homeless, hopeless, crazed with hunger, in indescribable destitution they wander, refugees, innocent victims of a heartless militarism. Prussianism and autocracy are destroyed, but famine remains, threatening world peace and happiness. Picture, if you can, the misery of these stricken people. Their suffering is worse than death—it is the lingering torture of starvation, the piteous tragedy of emaciation, the horrible waiting, in agony of hunger, for the grim reaper to end their wretchedness.

There is only one thing you can do to help them.
You can give.

Who can not spare something for those who have nothing at all?

"Tired of Giving? You Don't Know What Feeling Tired Means!"

WHEN THE SOLICITOR CALLS GIVE AS MUCH AS YOU CAN POSSIBLY AFFORD.

CAMPAIGN FOR GALVESTON'S QUOTA, \$25,000, OPENS MONDAY, APRIL 7.

Jewish War Relief Committee

GEORGE SEALY, Transacce
L. E. REMPARIL.
VIC Chairman State Committee
RASEI HENRY COMEN.
CHAS. POWLER
ROFT. L. COMEN.

R. E. HARRISS
JULES BLOCK
ED LASKER
PRANK ALLEN
R. LEE KEMPNEI
JOHN NEETHE
S. J. MILLER

The work from the work of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the contro

HE GALVESTON DAILY NEW DATESTON OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY OF THE PARTY

"Six million Jews are dying of starvation."

The Galveston Daily News (TX), April 5, 1919, page 5.

THE GALVESTON DAILY NEWS, SUNDAY, APRIL 6, 1919. D.8

Your Opportunity

To Raise \$25,000 for Jewish War Sufferers

No Sectarianism in Jewish Drive Which Starts Monday, April 7

ALL AMERICANS BEHIND JEWISH RELIEF

The appeal that is now being made to the people of this community is directed to every race and creed. It is the call of suffering and starving humanity—the plea of a helpless people for financial assistance in this time of their greatest need. This is not a Jewish movement, it is a human movement.

President Wilson, Vice President Marshall, Secretary of the Navy Daniels, James Cardinal Gibbons, Governor W. P. Hobby of Texas, the governors of many states and many of the foremost men of America, have joined in this appeal for humanity. The American Jewish Relief Committee is endeavoring to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German terror. Every dollar given goes to the immediate relief of these starving human souls.

BE READY TO GIVE AS MUCH AS YOU CAN AFFORD WHEN THESE SOLICITORS CALL ON YOU

Jewish War Relief Committee

GEORGE SKALY, Tressurer
L. H. KEMPNER,
Vice Chaltman State Committee
RABBI HENRY COHEN,
Chaltman Galveston Committee
CHAS. FOWLER
ROPT. L. COHEN

E. E. HARRISS
JULES BLOCK
ED LASKER
FRANK ALLEN
R. LEE MEMPALIT
JOHN NEETHE

6. L MILLER

"The American Jewish Relief Committee is endeavouring to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German terror."

The Galveston Daily News (TX), April 6, 1919, page 8.

-George Ade

One of America's most gifted writers brings home to every Gentile a statement of facts and conditions that many of them have been overlooking. Take time to read what Mr. Ade says below—

"In any campaign to feed the hungry or lift up the stricken or shelter the homeless it is taken for granted, as a matter of course, that the Jews will do their full share and then oversubscribe a little. They are accustomed to do things in a big way and are not dismayed by ordinary tasks.

"Now they are up against an extraordinary task; an under taking, vast in proportions, hedged in by appalling handicaps. The American Jewish Relief Committee is endeavoring to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the Ger

"Between the committee in New York City and the unfortunate refugees or penned-in prisoners that they are trying to help, are open seas and devastated provinces. "It can be done and the committee will do it. It will get money and food to the helpless victims, even if in the farthest parts of

"I have lived in several towns, but I cannot remember the name of a place in which Jews were exempted from contributing to Gentile funds. The call of humanity knows no foreign language, no racial dialect, no favored accent.

"If every citizen of America who has been somewhat directly the beneficiary of Jewish philanthropy should now come forward and help the American Jewish Relief Committee the necessary fund would be ready tomorrow. They should come forward."

JEWISH WAR RELIEF CAMPAIGN STARTS TOMORROW

El Paso Is Expected to Give \$25,000.00—We MUST Give That Much—We SHOULD Give MORE!

"The American Jewish Relief Committee is endeavouring to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German terror."

SAN ANTONIO EXPRESS: TUESDAY MORNING, APRIL 8, 1910.

Do You Know of a Single Gentile Charity Which Is Not Largely and Willingly Contributed to By People of the Jewish Faith?

Honge Ace

One of America's most gifted writers, brings home to every Gentile a statement of facts and conditions that many of them have been overlooking. Take time to read what Mr. Ade says below.

"In any campaign to feed the hungry or lift up the stricken or shelter the homeless it is taken for granted, as a matter of course, that the Jews will do their full share and then oversubscribe a little. They are accustomed to do things in a big way and are not dismayed by ordinary tasks.

"Now they are up against an extraordinary task; an undertaking, vast in proportions, hedged in by appalling handicaps. The American Jewish Relief Committee is endeavoring to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German Terror.

"Between the committee in New York City and the unfortunate refugees or penned-in prisoners that they are trying to help, are open seas and devastated provinces. "It can be done and the committee will do it. It will get money and food to the helpless victims, even if in the farthest parts of Europe, if it is backed and suported here at home.

"I have lived in several towns but I cannot remember the name of a place in which Jews were exempted from contributing to Centile funds. The call of humanity knows no foreign language, no much dialect, no favored accent.

"If every citizen of America who has been somewhat directly the beneficiary of Jewish philanthropy should now come forward and help the American Jewish Relief Committee the necessary funds would be ready tomorrow. They should come forward."

Think over what this keen observer of human nature has said above—and be ready to do your part for humanity, when the solicitors call on you.

Make checks payable to and send subscriptions to Jewish War Relief Committee:

J. F. JARRATT, Treasurer

JUDGE J. R. DAVIS, General Chairman GEORGE D. ARMISTEAD, Chairman Publicity Committee

--- This Space Donated by

EMIL BLUM COMPANY

Full page advert in the San Antonio Express, Tuesday, April 8, 1919, p.15

"The American Jewish Relief Committee is endeavouring to save from starvation six million Jews who are the helpless victims of the German terror."

San Antonio Express (TX), April 8th, 1919, page 15 (full page advert)

"Do You Know of a Single Gentile Charity Which is not Largely and Willingly Contributed to by People of the Jewish Faith?"

George Ade

One of America's most gifted writers, brings home to every Gentile a statement of facts and conditions that many of them have been overlooking. Take time to read what Mr. Ade says below:

"IN ANY CAMPAIGN TO FEED THE HUN-GRY OR LIFT UP TH ESTRICKEN OR SHEL-TER THE HOMELESS IT IS TAKEN FOR GRANTED, AS A MATTER OF COURSE, THAT THE JEWS WILL DO THEIR FULL SHARE AND THEN OVERSUBSCRIBE A LITTLE. THEY ARE ACCUSTOMED TO DO THINGS IN A BIG WAY AND ARE NOT DISMAYED BY ORDINARY TASKS.

"NOW THEY ARE UP AGAINST AN EXTRAORDINARY TASK; AN UNDERTAKING UNDERTAKING VAST IN PROPORTIONS HEDGED IN BY APPALLING RANDICAPS THE AMERICAN JEWISH RELIEF COMMITTEE IS ENDEAVORING TO SAV FROM STAR VATION SIX MILLION JEWS WHO ARE THE HELPLESS VICTIMS OF THE GERMAN TER BOR.

"BETWEEN THE COMMITTEE IN NEW YORK CITY AND THE UNFORTUNATE REFU GES OR PNNED IN PRISONERS THAT THEY ARE TRYING TO HELP, ARE OPEN SEAS AND DEVELOPMENT, DROUMES "IT CAN BE DONE AND THE COMMITTEE
WILL DO IT. IT WILL GET MONEY AND FOOD
TO HELPLESS VICTIMS, EVEN IF IN THE
FARTHEREST PART OF EUROPE, IF IT IS
BACKED AND SUPPORTED HERE AT HOME.

"HAVE LIVED IN SEVERAL TOWNS BUT I CAN'T REMEMBER THE NAME OF A PLACE IN WHICH JEWS WERE EXEMPTED FROM CONTRIBUTING TO GENTILE FUNDS. THE CALL OF HUMANITY KNOWS NO FOREIGN LANGUAGE, NO RACIAL DIALECT, NO FAVORED ACCENT.

"IF EVERY CITIZEN OF AMERICA WHO
HAS BEEN SOMEWHAT DIRECTLY BENEFICIARY OF JEWISH PHILANTHROPY SHOULD
NOW.COME FORWARD AND HELP THE AMERICAN JEWISH RELIEF COMMITTEE THE
NECESSARY FUNDS WOULD BE READY TONORDOW. WHEN SHOULD COME FORWARD."

Think over what this keen observer of human nature has said above---and be ready to do your part for humanity, when the solicitors call on you

Rabbi J. H. Stolz, County Chairman

Sidney Marks, City Chirms

Navarro County War Work Board

Full page advert in The Corsicana Daily Sun, Wednesday, April 9, 1919, p.8

"THE AMERICAN JEWISH RELIEF COMMITTEE IS ENDEAVOURING TO SAVE FROM STARVATION SIX MILLION JEWS WHO ARE THE HELPLESS VICTIMS OF THE GERMAN TERROR"

"At no other time in the history of the Jewish people has the need been so great as now. Six million of our brothers and sisters are dying of starvation. The entire race is threatened with extinction."

"Do You Know of a Single Gentile Charity Which is not Largely and Willingly Contributed to by People of the Jewish Faith?"

George Ade

One of America's most gifted writers, brings home to every Gentile a statement of facts and conditions that many of them have been overlooking. Take time to read what Mr. Ade says below:

"IN ANY CAMPAIGN TO FEED THE HUN-GRY OR LIFT UP TH ESTRICKEN OR SHEL-TER THE HOMELESS IT IS TAKEN FOR GRANTED, AS A MATTER OF COURSE, THAT THE JEWS WILL DO THEIR FULL SHARE AND THEN OVERSUBSCRIBE A LITTLE. THEY ARE ACCUSTOMED TO DO THINGS IN A BIG WAY AND ARE NOT DISMAYED BY ORDINARY TASKS.

"NOW THEY ARE UP AGAINST AN EXTRAORDINARY TASK; AN UNDERTAKING UNDERTAKING VAST IN PROPORTIONS HEDGED IN BY APPALLING RANDICAPS THE AMERICAN JEWISH RELIEF COMMITTEE IS ENDEAVORING TO SAV FROM STAR VATION SIX MILLION JEWS WHO ARE THE HELPLESS VICTIMS OF THE GERMAN TER FOR

"BETWEEN THE COMMITTEE IN NEW YORK CITY AND THE UNFORTUNATE REFU GES OR PNNED IN PRISONEES THAT THE ARE TRYING TO HELP, ARE OPEN SEAS AND DEVASTATED PRODUNCES. "IT CAN BE DONE AND THE COMMITTEE
WILL DO IT. IT WILL GET MONEY AND POOD
TO HELPLESS VICTIMS, EVEN IF IN THE
FARTHEREST PART OF EUROPE, IF IT IS
BACKED AND SUPPORTED HERE AT HOME.

"I HAVE LIVED IN SEVERAL TOWNS BUT I CAN'T REMEMBER THE NAME OF A PLACE IN WHICH JEWS WERE EXEMPTED FROM CONTRIBUTING TO GENTILE FUNDS. THE CALL OF HUMANITY KNOWS NO FOREIGN LANGUAGE, NO RACIAL DIALECT, NO FAVORED ACCENT.

"IF EVERY CITIZEN OF AMERICA WHO
HAS BEEN SOMEWHAT DIRECTLY BENEFI.
CIARY OF JEWISH PHILANTHROPY SHOULD
NOW COME FORWARD AND HELP THE AMERICAN JEWISH RELIEF COMMITTEE THE
NECESSARY FUNDS WOULD BE READY TO-

Think over what this keen observer of human nature has said above---and be ready to do your part for humanity, when the solicitors call on you

Rabbi J. H. Stolz, County Chairman

Sidney Marks, City Chirman

Navarro County War Work Board

Full page advert in The Corsicana, Semi-Weekly Light, Friday, April 11, 1919, p. 5

"THE AMERICAN JEWISH RELIEF COMMITTEE IS ENDEAVOURING TO SAVE FROM STARVATION SIX MILLION JEWS WHO ARE THE HELPLESS VICTIMS OF THE GERMAN TERROR"

The Corsicana Semi-Weekly Light (TX), April 11, 1919, page 5.

INDIGNANT PROTEST AGAINST POGRAMS

Mass Meeting Held at Lumberg Theatre by Utica Jews.

PERSECUTION MUST STOP

Widely Known Speakers Participate
In Great Domonstration Yesterday Afternoon—Resolutions
Adopted to Urge Amer-\nican Government to
Taka Action.

Volcing their indignant protest against the reported persocution of Jewa in Poland and other countries, the Jews of Litter at a packet mass meeting to the Lumberg Theatre yeaterday afternoon adopted resolutions calling for the American government to curb and prevent such persecution in the future.

Rabbi Samuel Sumberg, chaleman of the local committee, presided at the meeting which was held at \$230 o'clock, and he said the meeting had been called in the interest of the people who have been killed or tortured in the countries not yet safe for democ-

"We have suffered more than any other race in the world," he said. "The Jaws did not fight for land, for prestige or for privilege. We helped the land in which we helpened to live, and shed our blood for that land, that we might have the right to live and a little place in the aun. This war was for democracy, but the Jews are being persecuted and oppressed by the worst kind of autocracy. We are here to sympathize with the widows and oppressed of our singhtered brether and to protest against the cruckies pressided on our nearly expended.

The Brai apeaker was Chief Rabin Romm of Syracuse, who deciared 6, 909,090 Jews see being persecuted by the Poles, Slovaks, Roussmans and others along the Danubs. He read from newspapera to show that these atrockles are perpetrated not in time of war, but is time of peace, and then continued.

"We do not mean to blame President Wilson," said Rubbi Romm, "we know that the principles he advocated are redicuted abroad. What does the world want of us? Have we not set shed crough of tears and blood? Have the added nations adopted the policy pursized so faithfully by the Crar of Rus-

If the Jews have no part in the prace conference, is it not tantamount to an admission on the part of the Affles that Germany has not been conquered. For five years we have suffered much to overthrow the ideas of Trietschi and Bernhardt, and others of German kultur. Germany has not even begun to be conquered, if such a note of offense is allowed to exist. It is tog for civilization if we can oppeal only to the valuable of the affect of the protest in the valuable of the protest. The rear protest comes from the innocent yestima as they are massacted, from the derivated a progressia and connectifies, from the derivated a progressia and connectifies from the blood of the sons which is made in mingle with the blood of fallers.

has declated war on the Jews, We protest against war on non-combat

anis; a war in which man are first disarmed and then claughtered. Thremidllow of our young men fought or the side of the Alice. The Alice should allow us to equip a transporthat we may go over-and fixth for our bhothers against the savage Poles. No one cut make a better soldier than the Jew. To be a successful soldier the quites courage, mosale fortiquie. His tory shows that the Jews have there qualities. The Jews are ready always for also honorable waters.

Pagrem Means Lynching.

"The word pognom is stietly Russion. It is a lynching on a whohead and far more brutal scale. Lynching is detestible, hordbire enough, set the vertices of the pognom are and have been always the language. Lynching are committed by the senount, but the pognom are are committed by these higher up. We gre not lawlers, him cultisard. If we are not to have the protection of law, let them say is objectly, and we will know where we are al. Where is the consultance of the world? For centuries Israel has booked forward to the time when we not would be permitted to zer the light. When war for democracy was declared the Jew entered it hopefully But what now? Is the tragedy of Israel, in he greater than before? I lerace, which was the first to give it the world a conception of justice, to the total to a fine to the last to give it the world a conception of justice, to

"It seems that our President Wilson is unable to fight single handed and is the old dulemany of Europe. The as-kaiser of Germany shocked the world by his blasphenous utterance about God. But the allied nations shock freight french and Justice when they practice the reverse. We must appeal to America. The acts of the allies are, as Hushes said, not only against Wilson's 14 points, but against the Constitution of the United States. America will know how to take care of its principles and constitution. I am sure that the United States will be aroused to such a pitch that the United States will be aroused to such a pitch that the United States will be aroused to such a pitch that the God.

Concluding in a few words of Yiddish, Rabbi Romm asoused his hearers to great enthusiasm and he was applauded to the echo.

Uticana Deliver Addresses.

Justice of the Peace William R. Goldbas, as the next speaker, declared the American recopic should see to it that the Jewa get justice from the peace conference in Europe. He said tha Polish republic cannot prosper unless and until the Jew is given equal opportunity and protection with the Poles. The Jewa have fought for Poland and why should not Poland protect the Jews. He spoke of the 200, 509 or more Jewish boys who fought for this country in the great war and how they would gladly so forth again to finht for the life and liberty of their people in Europe.

City Judge Fred E. Lewis said he tame to the meeting to listen and to learn, and added: "It is the duty of every man to raise his voice in protest against any act of violence or in-

Louis E. Krohn told of specific cases of persecution, how in the village of Pints, Poland, 55 men, women and children who went to receive food act by their American brethren were ruth lessly murdared. He said the pogroms which have been invitioued in Poland deexist, polarities and nither Poles. He declared Poland wanted recognition as a mation, but before any further recognition is given she should give assurance that there will be no further persecution of the Jews and then she he made a varsal to some other countries.

Speaking in Yiddish, Samuel Levine of Rachester pointed on that nations which have been unjust to the Jews are doemed to destruction. He ursel he Jews all over the world to unit

and stand together until the Jews will be treated with justice and fairness in all circlined countries

Cantor David Friedman chanted a selection while the congregation stood and Rabbi Samuel Elsenberg chanted the Kadesch or prayer for the dead.— Resolutions adorted at the meeting

The Resolutions.

Whereas, our sisters and brothers of the Jewish race on the other side of the sea are calling upon us in America, weeping the team of persecution which in less democrate times have made dark pages of history; weeping in the pain of brotal attacks from those in authority—now she whip of Poland venting upon the Jews of that land a strange vengeance; for during the last awen months missacres have been taking place in Poland unparal-

ielled in history; and ...................................

Whereas, these here it indesacts she not only superfeal distributions so of the after-mar period, but an eatherak after a six years' organized beyond onto-le step of and fortested by the Poish authorities against Polish Jens, as we who have but re-ently come from Polish and browners will, having a received full the hatrol they had toward unit

Whetens It is inconsistent with Poinn's demands and estension ideals of feedom and a life-termination which we have heard much of during and after the great wan to make the world safe for democracy; a nation itself long persecuted and now eccains its likerty before the prace conference and shows all the world in the name of justices and

Whereas, it is opposed to the worldcision and magnatimous, trood-hearted spirit of the President of the United States and his allied statesmen who now are determining in cares measing the destining all small nations, and shockingly exposites, and the president of these who have made sympaths and graticule which is in his heart for those who have made from the state of freelom in every allied arms, that Poland should now revert to and utilize puth methods of savwith the team with which autocrary only could face. Since we look to America for ideals of humanity in this dramatic hear when our sisters and beothers in Poland are suffering prisecution; therefore be it

Resolved. That by this many meeting of Jews of the city of "time, we foin in expressing our indignation at the maskacres berein mentioned: has we urge one American government to immediately take steps toward the prevention of their recurrence in the future, and that it take a definite stand in this opportunity and urgent need for justice, for justice to Poland and

And be it further resolved that copies of this resolution, the unanimous expression of the representative laws of this city, he sent to oue representative in Congress and the Fresident of the United States and to the press of this tity.

"The first speaker was Chief Rabbi Romm of Syracuse, who declared 6,000,000 Jews are being persecuted by the Poles, Slovaks, Roumanians and others along the Danube."

APPEALS TO AMERICA TO ACT QUICKLY IF LIVES OF SOME SIX MILLION JEWS ARE TO BE SAVED

Louis Marshall, Back From Abroad, Tells of Terrible Conditions There.

SEEK \$35,000,000 HERE

Campaigns Must Be Held Quickly, Mr. Marshall Declares, as Millions Will Not Survive to Enjoy Its Renefits; Delay Means Loss of Many,

Special to The Courier.

NEW YORK, Aug. 4—"Let me say to you candidly and in all solemnity that Jewry abroad is tottering on the brink. The lives of some six million people are at stake. I say advisedly that never in the history of our people whose tribulations have been notorious throughout the ages, has there been such a welter of misery, poverty and suffering. Horrors and both physical and spiritual torture that would sound unbelievable if narrated are the common lot of millions of Jewish people in the old world.

"In what is almost its last death three. European Jewry turns in frantic appeal to the three and one-half million Jews of America to give of their plenty the small measure of aid which shall stay the destruction threatening that large portion of the race-which dwells across the sea."

This, in brief, is the urgent appeal which Louis Marshall, chairman of the American Jewish Relief committee, who has just returned from his work in Paris as Jewish representative at the peace conference, has dispatched to A. Leo Weil, A. J. Sunstein and I. W. Frank of Pittsburg, Jacob D. Lit, Louis Gerstley and Samuel Fels of Philadelphia, David Kaufman of Harrisburg and other members of the Pennsylvania State Jewish

Relief committee. The local men are engaged in the organization of the campaign to be held this fall to raise this state's share of the \$35,090,000 fund being sought for Jewish relief work abroad.

"It is absolutely necessary," Mr. Marshall says, "that our campaigns be held quickly. The civil, political "and religious rights of the Jews in Eastern Europe have been well secured and guaranteed at the peace table, but literally millions will never survive the present disastrous times to enjoy these vast benefits unless America, responds with the funds needed to tide them over the crisis now upon them.

"American Jews can count upon their many friends to aid in this humanitarian work, but the Jews must take the lead in the herculean tas. Staple foods, clothing, medicines and other basic supplies, all of which are practically unobtainable in much of Eastern Europe, must be shipped in quantities from this side. Given this simple aid for a few months, Jewry in Europe will be able to rehabilitate itself quickly. But delay will prove fatal. American Jews were not slackers during the war. There must be no slackers in the battle for the lives of millions of our brothers abroad."

"APPEALS TO AMERICA TO ACT QUICKLY IF LIVES OF SOME SIX MILLION JEWS ARE TO BE SAVED ... The lives of some six million people are at stake."

"Let me say to you candidly and in all solemnity that Jewry abroad is tottering on the brink. The lives of some six million people are at stake."

Altoona Mirror (PA), August 6, 1919, page 17.

Said Louis Marshall, president & founder (with Jacob Schiff) of the American Jewish Committee, and vice-president of the American Jewish Congress, who had written on September 26, 1918:

"Zionism is but an incident of a far reaching plan. It is merely a convenient peg on which to hang a powerful weapon."

" "More than six million Jews," states Mr. Strauss' appeal, "the remnants of our race left alive in Europe are today facing starvation, disease and unbelievable physical and mental suffering." "

Sheboygan Press (WI), August 12, 1919, page 5.

WORLD JEWRY AT GREATEST CRISIS

Leaders in America Striving to Save Race in Europe From Destruction.

MUST SEND AID QUICKLY

Children Are the Most Pitiful Sufferers
From the Catactysm That Has
Ruined a Once Prosperous
People.

The Jews in almost every country of the world except America are in a state more dire and terrible, perhaps, than any in which they have found hemselves since the fall of Jerusalem. Beiefly, the Jewish race in much of Europe is an the verge of amphilia-

The countries in which the plight of the Jews is the worst are Poland, Techoslovakin. Jogoshivia, Rumania, Serbia, Gaticia. Palestine, Furkey, Greece and Siberla. In Viloa, a typical town of Poland, the Jewish population has been cut down by starparention, typhus and other diseases in the last five years from 90,000 to 45,000. Nearly half of the survivors are dependent upon relief supplies sent by their co-religionists in America. Worsaw, Kovno, Constanza, and many other cities throughout central and Eastern Europe tell the

American Jews, aroused by the reports that first filtered through after the signing of the armistice, immediately organized under the American Jewish Relief Committee, of 15 East 40th Street. New York City, to save their race abroad. They sent some 20 commissioners to various foreign countries to investigate the truth of these reports. Almost all these commissioners have now returned and the first-hand information that they have brought back is more alarming than the early unsubstantiated reports. Such men as Nathan Straus, Henry Morgenthau, Julius Rosenwald, Jacob H.

Schiff, Felix M. Warburg, and many other prominent members of this committee are now bending every effort to arouse America to the great need abroad and rosh the food and supplies across the ocean which, if sent quickity, will save the Jewish race from destruction.

Saddest of the victims of all this were are the children. Tens of thousands of pittful youngsters who are seven or eight years old have gone so long undernourished that they are little further developed than normal infants of one or two years. In the Polish cities orphaned children wander about the streets, homeless and unable to get into the orphanages. These are already overcrowded and depend primarily upon American relief funds to keep them going.

JEWISH RELIEF WORK IS NOW WORLDWIDE

Christian as Well as Jewish Sufferers Are Aided by Organization That Covers Many Countries in Europe and the Orient

Quietly, and practically without publicity of any sort, the Jews of America have built up, through the American Jewish Relief Committee and other official agencies, a machine for the organization and distribution of relief to war sufferers of their own and other races that is now practically worldwide. The hendquarters of the Committee are at 15 East 40th Street, New York, Expenditures for this work now aggregate more than \$2,000,000 a month, and by means of state-by-state campaigns to be held this full a total of \$35,000,000 is to be sought to finance the work through the coming months.

An enumeration of the countries in which relief efforts are being made is indicative of the scope of the work. Representatives of these Jewish agencies are to be found in Poland, Czechoslovakia, Jugoslavia, Galicia, Serbia, Rumania, and other Buikan states. Greece, Turkey, Palestine and Siberia. Small groups of refugees, cast up by

the backwash of war, are being asristed in Holland, Japan, China and other isolated parts of the globe.

All told, many million Christians and more than 6,000,000 Jews in countries other than the United States are being directly aided by American Jewsish relief funds. The major portion of this humanitarian work is of course carried on in Eastern Europe. It is there that the bulk of the world's Jewsish population lives. The fact that these same nations have been perhaps hardest hit by the late war, explains

World Jewry is at the greatest

But though the Jews of America have set out to save their race from destruction, they are not forgetting that their own people are not the only sufferers in these lands. The significance of the whole undertaking becomes apparent when it is known that the relicf supplies which have been purchased and shipped largely with Jewish finds are distributed without discrimination to Christians as well as Jews. Barriers of race and creed have been submerged in the flood tide of suffering throughout much of the earth, and the efforts of American Jewry to sid in the great crists of odey have become as broad as hungarty itself.

"WORLD JEWRY AT GREATEST CRISIS Leaders in America Striving to Save Race in Europe From Destruction. ... All told, many million Christians and more than 6,000,000 Jews in countries other than the United States are being directly aided by American Jewish relief funds."

The Fulton Patriot (NY), September 3, 1919, page 4.

This exact article also appeared in the: The Livingstone Democrat (NY), September 3, 1919, page 2, and The Long Islander (NY), September 5, 1919, page 10.

UKRAINIAN JEWS AIM TO STOP POGROMS

Commission to Visit Europe and Prepare a Memorandum for President Wilson.

LANSING GIVES PERMISSION

Mass Meeting Hears That 127,000 Jews Have Been Killed and 6,000,000 Are in Peril.

The Federation of Ukrainian Jews in America, an organization said to represent three-quarters of a million Ukrainians in this country, decided at a convention yesterday that the massacre of their brethren in Eastern Europe must finally be stopped, and, to bring about this peace, the aid of the United States Government will be utilized. Secretary of State Lansing, it was asserted, has already given the consent of the State Department for the federation to send a commission to Ukrainia to investigate the conditions of the Jews there, and to establish direct connection between them and their relatives in america.

The convention was held at the Broadway and Way Central Hotel, at Broadway and Third Street, and was attended by more than 800 persons, representing 300 branches of the organization in this country and Canada. Joseph Seff, the President, was Chairman. Addresses were delivered by the Rev. M. Kanewsky, Rabbi Z. Masliansky, Jacob Adler, Herman Bernstein, Dr. Samuel Bucher, Rabbi Meier Berlin, Mordecai Danzis, the Executive Secretary of the society, and others.

Tales of massacres in which 127,000
Jews had either been killed or wounded
during the last six months were told
by the speakers, and all of them, speak-\ning in English, Yiddish, Polish, or Russian, pointed out the disgrace of these
pogroms upon twentieth century civilization.

The matter of relief was taken up, and it was decided that the Federation of Ukrainian Jews request this Government to lift the blockade so that food and funds may be sent to their destitute relatives in Eastern Europe. The President reported that there were 3,000,000 Jews in Ukrainia and a like number in Poland, all of whom were in need of assistance from America.

Before Ukrainia should be recognized by America or any of the other allies, it was said that she should first desist from her persecutions of innocent Jews. Until the commission which is to be appointed shall have reported that the Jews are actually receiving equal rights, friendly relations should not be made,

The commission, which will probably consist of ten of the leading Ukrainians in America, is to work out a memorandum of the conditions in Eastern Europe, which will be sent to President Wilson, Secretary Lansing, and to all

An information bureau will also be established by the organization to take care of the reports of the commissioners on the other side, and to send the facts to the press of this country. The Federation also aims to act as the link joining the Ukrainians in this country with their relatives and friends in their

Demonstration mass-meetings similar to the one which took place at Madison Square Garden some time ago will be held in every important city in the United States, as the beginning of a protest movement to put an end to the protest movement to put an end to the

When the question of appointing a commission was proposed Reuben Fink, the representative of the society at Washington, said that he had seen Secretary Lansing during the week and that he received Mr. Lansing's consent that the delegation he sent over.

"We come out now before the world with the determined slogan. Those pogroms must stop," said the President in his annual message. "It is only a question of holding these facts continually before the civilized world; we must not permit the world to slumber. This fact that the population of 6,000,000 souls in Ukrainia and in Po-

6,000,000 souls in Ukrainia and in Poland have received notice through action and by word that they are going to be completely exterminated—this fact stands before the whole world as the paramount issue of the present day."

The New Hork Times

Published: September 8, 1919
Copyright © The New York Time

"Mass Meeting Hears That 127,000 Jews Have Been Killed and 6,000,000 Are in Peril. ... 6,000,000 souls in Ukrainia (sic) and in Poland have received notice through action and by word that they are going to be completely exterminated this fact stands before the whole world as the paramount issue of the present day."

720202020202020202020202020202020202020

Add Up Your Troubles!

Strike a Balance and Compare It With This—

While the 3,500,000 American Jews were loyally fighting and laboring to help "make the World safe for Democracy," the Jews of Eastern Europe, where lives the bulk of the world's Jewish population, were being ground out of existence by the ebb and flow of contending armies.

Today 6,000,000 Jews Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known in the Long History of the Race

Families are scattered—broken. A hundred thousand children are orphaned. Poverty is the common lot. Whole cities have not known a square meal in five years. Disease stalks on every hand. The death rate mounts to double—triple—quadruple—that ever before known in a civilized country.

America Is the Only Hope

In this, the greatest crisis that Jewry has ever known in centuries of suffering and persecution, the Jews of America turn to their fellow citizens of all races and creeds for that material and immediate aid which alone can save the survivors of the race in Europe from destruction.

\$35,000,000 NEEDED!

This sum represents the amount sought from the country at large. Every cent of it will go to buy food, clothing, medicines and other necessities of life for the destitute, starving and utterly stricken men, women and children across the sea. It is veritable ransom money, for without it millions will surely die.

JEWISH RELIEF CAMPAIGN

Jefferson County Headquarters, 522 Light & Power Bldg.

"Life for Those in the Shadow of Death"

HONOBARY CHARRIEN
HON. C. B. ALVERSON
HON. S. B. BRIGEN
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
C. S. SILVERMAN, Cleatures
BLAS, Vice-Chairman
A. J. BUCK, Treasurer

J. F. Amos H. A. Sentett Deen M. R. Burts F. L. Cartiale P. W., Devendorf H. E. Harmon E. K. Harmon A. L. Kline Stuert Landing
J. Lebevsky
Benjamin Lee
F. B. Pitcher
Hon, H. Purcell
Dr. C. M. Bestsed
Philip Silverosen
George Stebbins

W. H. Sirvan A. F. Warder M. B. Wilder H. B. DAVE, Directing Messager P. H. LAMON, Publicity Director V. E. KELLOGG, Speakers Burnau A. F. LANSONG, Director of Stanion

This Space Contributed by

The Jefferson County National Bank The Jefferson County Savings Bank The City National Bank
The Watertown National Bank

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A. E. THOMAS TO HEAD CAMPAIGN

Will Lead Allen County Forces\nin Work of Saving Lives
of Starving Jews.

POLLAK VICE CHAIRMAN

To Fort Wayne has come once more the cry of distress from Europe and immediately the appeal has been heard. Albert E. Thomas, who has given of his talents and energy to the success of all of the war drives when the heat of battle was an incentive to united work, has ac-

Albert E. Thomas, Campaign Chair-

cepted the leadership of the Allen county campaign for this worthy cause at a time when people are asking, "why a campaign, now that the war is over?" But Mr. Thomas is not asking the question, neither are any of the other people who have listened to the story of suffering and death which has come from Poland, Lithunia, Galacia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia, where six million Jews are dying of starvation and where vast numbers of them—innocent victims of the ravages, of war—wander homeless, and in rags. Even with the most prompt action on the part of the people of America, it is declared by Herbert Hoover that one million people will die in eastern Europe this winter, and that the destitution of Jewish war sufferers during the coming months will probably surpass anything ever known in the history of human suffering.

Herman Pollak. Vice Chairman.
Herman H. Pollak, of the Pollak Walst company, has accepted the vice chairmanship of the campaign for Fort Wayne and Allen county, and he, with Chairman Thomas, will arrange for the appointment of all committees, as well as to arrange for the details of the actual campaign.

Rabbi A. L. Weinstein, in consultation with many members of the congregation of Achduth Vesholom synagogue, reports the deepest interest in the coming campaign, and states that if the people can only realize the conditions of eastern Europe, where the suffering of the Jews is worse than death—where the lingering torture of starvation, the pitcous tragedy of emaciation, the horrible waiting in agony of hunger for the grim reaper to end their misery—the outpouring of money will be most generous indeed. Six million despairing souls are totally dependent upon American generosity for the bare necessities of life.

The plans of the Fort Wayne campaign have not yet been arranged in detail, but it is probable that the actual work of solicitation will begin on Monday, October 5. Throughout the state of Indiana the drive opens one week earlier than this, but because of the duplication of the dates of the Fort Wayne peace centennial celebration, exposition and style show for that week, the leaders in the campaign chose the later date as the time for the Fort Wayne campaign.

The quota for the state of Indiana has been placed at \$800,000, but, according to the state campaign head-quarters, an earnest endeavor to raise one million dollars will be made.

"... the story of suffering and death which has come from Poland, Lithuania, Galacia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia, where six million Jews are dying of starvation, and where vast number of them—innocent victims of the ravages of war—wander homeless, and in rags. ... Six million despairing souls are totally dependent upon American generosity for the bare necessities of life."

FORT WAYNE TO HELP THE JEWS

Millions Are Dying in Eastern Europe, and Call for Life-Saving is Heard

THOMAS HEADS CAMPAIGN

Announcement was made yesterday of the early opening of a campaign in Fort Wayne and Allen couldy for the purpose of securing a large fund for the saving of the lives of perishing Jews in the eastern portion of Europe.

Albert H. Thomas, who has been a leading factor in the success of many of the war drives, has accepted the chairmanship of the campaign, with Herman H. Pollak as vice chairman. A complete working organization will soon be amounted to the drive which will open here on the 5th or 6th of October.

This is a nation-wide campaign in response to the startling news, repeated by everyone who has come back to tell the story, that under the most favorable circumstances fully one million people will die this winter of starvation in Poland, Lithuania, Galacia, Palestine, Turkoy-and Siberia. Harbert Hoover, recently returned, verifies this claim, and states that six million wer sufferers are absolutely destitute in these regions.

At a meeting of the members of the Acadeth Vesholom strangague, the conditions were reviewed and every person present pledged his earnest support of the campaign which will begin directly after the close of the coming colebration of Fort Wayne's peace centennial. Rabbi A. L. Weinstein is one of the most enthusiastic leaders in the campaign, and he already is preparing to respond to the call for help in the speaking campaign in other cities than Fort Wayne.

It is hoped that the campaign in Indiana will result in the securing of a fund of not less than \$1,000,000. Allen county's quota has not been announced; in fact, it is probable that no definite quota will be fixed, although it is probable that a minimum of \$50,000 will be the goal of the workers who will go forward under the leadership of Mr. Thomas and Mr. Pollak. The state slogan is "Save Six Million." As that is the approximate number of persons now in imminent danger of perishing. The national quota is placed at \$35,000 million.

President Urges Help.

President Wilson in a recent letter to Jacob H. Schiff, says: "From statements which I have previously made, you know how sincere my bellef is that the American public, trrespective of race or creed, should respond liberally to the call for help

from stricken Europe, and I feel confident that the needs of the Jew-ish people in the war zones will find a ready response from their co-religionists in this country."

Vice President Marshall says: "We have made this light of ours not only that all the traditions of the republic may be preserved, but that we may lend a helping hand to every suffering, sighing son of God, the world around. Among them, none have suffered longer, nonpealed to us greater, than the persecuted few. Proved by your works, your protestations of brotherhood are not mere lip service."

The people of Fort Wayne and Allen county are asked to reflect deeply on the noed of the hour—to remember that although the way is over, thousands upon thousands of exposure unless immediate aid comes from America. Every dollar subscribed goes to the work of life saving. The money to pay for the campaign has already been provided from univale sources.

"FORT WAYNE TO HELP THE JEWS MILLIONS ARE DYING IN EASTERN EUROPE, ... six million war sufferers are absolutely destitute ... The state slogan is "Save Six Million ""

Fort Wayne Journal Gazette (IN), September 18, 1919, page 2.

"The call for help comes from starving, disease-stricken Jews abroad … Six millions are starving"

"... there are 6,000,000 people in other lands without food ... When I read, as I have all my life, of the persecution and slaughter of the Jews I am not proud of my own race or of my religion. ... Six million people perishing!"

Rushville Daily Republican (IN), September 29, 1919, page 4.

This exact article also appeared in:

Tipton Tribune (IN), September 29, 1919, page 2. Fort Wayne Journal Gazette (IN), October 1, 1919, page 4. The Washington Democrat (IN), October 2, 1919, page 1.

No.55, October 1919

"... the Feast Day of Rosh Hashonah. It was not a feast day for some six million starving Jews of Europe because every day for the past four years has been a fast day for them. ... the five year fast that has been the lot of the 6,000,000 Jews in Europe."

Janesville Daily Gazette (WI), October 4, 1919, page 4.

This exact article also appeared in:

Sheboygan Press (WI), October 4, 1919, page 2. Bakersfield Morning Echo (CA), October 4, 1919, page 3.

About the Campaign Which Opens To-day

Here's just a few of the many hearty endorsements of the campaign for the relief of millions of stacying people in eastern Europe, which is being conducted by the American Jewish relief committee all this week, that have come to the headquarters in the court house:

D. F. Waterfield—"In all the campaigns in which it has been my privilege to participate, the one gratifying thing to me has been the response to calls from all classes and denominations of the results of fact Wayne

"My observation in each and every instance has been that the Jewish population have not only always contributed but have done so cheerfully. Few poople realize that while our Jewish friends were contributing liberally to every fund for which solicitation was made, they were, at the same time, doing much for their friends and relatives in the war stricken country

With six inillion of their population in absolute want, they are unable alone to reader sufficient aid to relieve their distress. They now, I think, reluctantly call upon the people of America as whole to aid in saving the lives of their countrymen. It will certainly be a great pleasure to every American citizen to have such part as he may be able in supplying these starving millions with sufficient food and ciothing to prevent their uter extermination.

Sam Wolf—"The real fighting is over, but the cruel results of the war are only becoming urgently apparent. Not until a part of the terrible suffering the war has caused the peoples of castern Europee is relicted will the way by come.

"Everyone who can do so should give to the cause to help feed and clothe the famished little ones, to relieve the suffering of those homoless, desperate people who must have im-

Pr. Miles F. Porter—"Many times dally there recurs to my unind that horrible picture of hundreds upon hundreds of hungry and homeless women and children in Europe, and when surrounded by our numerous broad of little ones with their smiling faces, well clothed bodies and well filled stomache the picture becomes painfully plain and poignant, and then my wrief is assuaged to be the thought that there are in the world millions of parents, and parents-to-be with hearts filled with low who will doem it a blessing, and privilege to work and give to the utmost to feed and clothe and house these incoverts."

Morris Moyer—'If Fort Wayne people, Jews, and genilles would co-operate in the same ideals, as I heard of a gathering a year ago for the same purpose, at which place a half-million dollars was subscribed, by a handful of Jews at New York. While you're giving charity, when in good health, this is gold': 'that other charity, that is loft after a man's death is only lead.' This was the expression of Mr. Strauss in his appeal. Now Fort Wayne people have an opportunity to give away gold ingtead of lead."

Isider, Lebman—"The Jews of eastern Europe have suffered from appression have been deprived of every right that men hold dear, and have been fettered and burdened by distabilities of every ideal for hundreds of years. There are to-day to be found in the ten province of Russian Poland and the fitten provinces called the Paig of Settlement sky buillions of these praceful and law abiding people who are the daily targets of pogroms and massacres, an are in every locality decied the most elementary human rights.

"America is raising its voice in their behalf, in behalf of those who are not only crying for equal rights, but crying aloud for bread at the moment,

"I predict Fort Wayne and all of wards a very large collection for these mighty unfortunate creatures. It is a great satisfaction to me to find the city campaign in the hands of gentiles and Jews slike, and full united in achieving a result of which the supporters will eventually feel ground. The generosity of Fort Wayne's citizens is established, and, I am sure the efforts of the sollcitors for funds during the coming week will be crown-

A. H. Perfect. The people of this county owe it to themselves to respond generously to the Jewish relief campaign, which is now on Unless out hearts are calloused we should take advantage, of the opportunity to subscribe to humanity's plea, it matters hat whether they are Jew or gentile, back or white, they are suffering human beings, and as such, should have our sympathy and hearty sub-

A Well—"If I am called upon for the relief of starving humanity, either Jew or gentile, Japanese or Uninese or any other nationality or religion, I will contribute because of my belief in the brotherhood of man, So it doesn't signify to me particularly that it is from the Jews that the call comes, but that it is from suffering homanity. These Jewish people are starving and arsuntering and, independent of the fact that I am a Jew myself, that is why I am for the Jewish relief campaign. I would be just as strong for any other call from suffering humanity under the same condition.

C. H. Worden—"No man with a heart can fail to appreciate the utter misery into which our friends of the Jewish race in castern and central Europe have been plunged by the war. No man who calls himself a christian can fail to be moved by the appear that is now going forth to come to the relief of the wives and children of their stricken brethern. Here in America we too have suffered and sacrificed but after all how little! We are a rich people; our tables are filled with abundance, and Europe is far away we do not see with our eyes the ovidences of want 20d degradation inte which six million Jews have been thrown suddenly through no fault of their own. War, which took away their men, destroyed their trade and devastated their country, and tore their homes, is alone to blame for their predicament.

"We must not be indifferent now. We could not rightly call ourselves christ ians it wa let the crists of starving "We must not be indifferent now. We could not rightly call ourselves christ

ans if we let the crisis of starving children go unanswered. It should be esterned a glorious privilege to give now. These Jewish friends are just as much entitled to live a human life as we are, and we should feel our consciences burn within us unless we give of our abundance to relieve their mis-

"Those who are active in the greatwork of immediate relief desire and have our thanks, They are entitled by port, There should be no hesitation."

Abe Ackerman—"I am heartly in sympathy with the movement of the American Jewish relief committee for the aid of the starving people in eastern Europe and do not know of any more worthy cause for which people could be called upon to contribute than this cause. Believe that it is up to the people of Allen county to contribute enough to make our quota, Allen county has gone over the top in one."

Samuel Fisher—"So long as there is a cry for help, no matter where from or from whom, America, the land of promise, can not close its cress not shut its ears. Once again give with the old time generosity to those unhappy, helpless people of custern Europe."

Joseph Rothschild—"It seems that our ontire population is in one accord in its sympathy for the Jewish relief campaign. It is not a call from one neople or sect, but from whole suffering, devasted eastern Europe who have felt the terrible disasters of the great war.

"The Jewish relief campaign is essentially non-sectorian. The thirty-five millions we are to collect in the United States will be spent for suffering humanity regardless of race and referen.

"Allen county will go over, the tor

Theodore Frunk—Probably no stronger appeal can be made in this great relief campaign than the expression of Mrs. Edna B. Felter. The saidest thing in all the world is the try of a little suffering child, and such a cry is so far reaching that it cannot fall to touch the heart of every nother who sent her son to serve.

"The purpose of this relief campaign is to help all stricken people, not confined to any race or creed, and while it is under the auspices of the Jewish relief committee it should not be considered a means for relief for only. Jewish sufferers in the far off lands, but for starving, suffering humanity, indescribable in its terrors and

Our hearts are touched—our estimpathles are profound, and neved before have we realized the conditions as we do now. Allen county will not for saken stricken humanity. The expression from all sides, from all denominations indicate the deep and socrowful consideration given this nation's wide

W. C. Dickmeyer— Just a moment's reflection upon our own good fortunand upon the misfortune of our neighbors in Russia, will prompt any person, with a heart that is at a sympathetic, to give liberally to the fond that is now being collected by the

"It saems to me that it makes no difference whether these suffering people live in Europe or in Fort Wayne. If they need our help we are able to give, we have no moral right to denyther."

"With six million of their population in absolute want, they are unable alone to render sufficient aid ... There are to-day to be found in the ten provinces of Russia, Poland and the fifteen provinces called the 'Pale of Settlement' six millions of these peaceful and law abiding people ... We do not see with our eyes the evidences of want and degradation into which six million Jews have been thrown suddenly through no fault of their own."

BOOSTER'S BOOS

(By ARTHUR BROWNLEE.)

Life for six millions in the shadow of death! That is a strange blead for this week's Booster column Strange because it is the first time in all history that the children of Israel have ever asked aid from Ethers than their own race. It is a sure proof of the dire need that they are brave enough to break an age old custom; to overlook their pride of race for the first time, and appeal to outside's to save the perishing. Six millions

Suppose along our main street a procession were passing. The ranks are ten abreast. The marchers are men and women prematurely aged in years, in the prime of life, in looks, past the 80-year mark; not able bodied young men—no strong young women; only a few children under five, for hardly a child under five remains alive; insane young girls and others so scantily clad they shrink from the light of day; the maimed and mutilated; the sick and dying. Suppose these heart-breaking ranks are ten feet apart, slightly farther apart Man soldiers march, but this is necessary because of this tottering, struggling, gasping host, one million will die in spite of all that can be done! Suppose they march from daylight to dark, a merciless twelve hours each day! Suppose they sleep in fields and cellars without privacy or any sanitary arrangements; Then daily take up their hopeless plodding. How long would you and I have to stand on the Court House steps to see the end of this massed misery? Slightly over 94 days. From October 8 until January 10. Every Sunday we would stand on Thanksgiving day, on Christmas and all the holidays and on into the winds and cold and rain and snows of January, we must stand to see the end. No bands of music, no lively cheering hosts, no bright benners snapping in the breeze. But instead, the sobs of the young, the moans of the once strong, the despair of the starving and the flutter of rags, rags. Merciful heaven, what a night-

But there is hope. Hope in the broad and generous people of America, the favored. America, "the land sheltered with wings" that their old prophet Isiah long ago foretold. Isiah who is not only their prophet, but ours also. How much we owe to the Jews! Moses the lawgiver; Moses, the author of sanitation. Then David, the sweet singer, and Solomon, the wise builder. And the prophets, men of faith and fidelity to right and Jesus, the Christ, the founder of the positive, living, vitalizing religion and all the apostics. Apostles to both the Jew and Gental All these were Jews, and latemuch of trade and commerce; of arond music; of love for freedom in life and learning; how much of—but the

and their works. Read the cold, bald statement of facts and figures from their official committee.

Six million souls, old men, old women, and little children in Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Palestine, Glaicia, Turkey, Syria, Roumania, Greese, and Bulgaria are in imminent danger of starving to death this winter.

The seriousness of this condition is indicated by a statement of Herbert Hoover, who says that at least one million people will die of starvation in Eastern Europe this winter—and this despite the combined efforts of American relief spencies.

Countless others will perish from the horrible slow torture of hunger and cold unless America comes immediately to their sid

Jewish War Relief Committees are expending more than \$2,000,000 a month now to keep alive the Jewish people and the non-Jewish peoples in these afflicted countries.

The ships the "Westward Ho" and "Democracy" make constant trips, and for the period ending September 1st, 1919, approximately \$30,000,000 has already been spent.

This year \$35,000,000 is required to sustain the lives of these people, and America, always generous, is asked to supply this sum in the campaign October 6th and continue through October 13th.

Huge as the figures seem, this is less than \$6.00 a year per person with which to provide food, clothing, fuel, shelter, medical attention, drugs, and the other necessities of life.

Two cents a day to keep alive, an old man, woman, or young boy or girl, whose only fault is that they have been born to a life of war suffering, is truly a small sum indeed to ask of a nation whose most frugel citizens must spend at least \$500.00 a years of the suffering and shelter.

The Jewish population of Eastern Europe is entirely deprived of the opportunity to be self-supporting. All industries are at a standstill. The trader and mercannt of the small town has been driven into the cities when he has added largely to the problems of unemployment. Today 80 per cen of the Jewish population of Europe is absolutely dependent upon the relie funds furnished by the Joint Distribution Committee. The Jew of Europe has gained a large measure of politica freedom from the War, but his miser; has not been lessened—it has been accentuated by the end of the hostilities. The accumulation of more than four years of war horrors has left these people probably in the greatest destitution ever known in the history of the vertical of the second of the hostilities.

Conditions Are Terrible.

The reports of investigators of the American Red Cross and other relief agencies show that in Poland hardly a child under five years old remains alive. There are no able-bodied young men—no strong young women. The old, the mained, the emaciated child-ren (more than 800,000 of these) are entirely dependent upon America. At best these peoples and millions in the other war-stricken countries can be kept from starvation—they can be kept alive until the industries in the nations are resumed, if this compaign is successful.

The Need of Funds

The Jewish War Relief Committee did not participate in the funds raised in the United War Work Campaign. The Jewish Welfare Board, entirely independent and distinct, whose function was to minister to sailors and soldiers only, did benefit in that campaign. This one is entirely for the civilian population in Europe, Palestine, and Siberia, which is absolutely destitute.

Reflet Given To All.

Nor is this help limited to Jews and it is because those who are non Jews in the afflicted areas are benefic iaries, that this year America withou

The campaign for this fund in Western Pennsylvania will begin October 6th and continue through October 13th. The committee in charge of the collection of this district's quota is composed of many prominent Jews and non-Jews, including the leading clergymen of all denominations.

American Jewry cannot bear the burden alone. The wealthy Jews of the United States have given with a liberality unknown in history, and will continue to do so, and it is of course the dety of every Jew to give to the limit of his means. It should be the privilege of the non-Jew to aid a cause-so absolutely necessary, so humanitarian in its principles, and so broad in its mercy.

The work of this committee is not in competition with other government approved agencies for the relief of war sufferers. On the contrary, it supplements and extends the work of the Red Cross, and similar organizations, relieving them of a part of their burdens.

Give and Give Liberally.

Collecting committees have been organized and will work constantly during the week of the campaign. The responsibility of maintaining life in these six million sufferers rests upon every man and woman in the United States who is not willing to turn aside and allow a helpless, harmless man, woman or little child to die because out of his own plenty he would refuse to share his loaf of bread.

Also read what Louis Marshall, a New York lawyer and Rabby Nathan Krass told a Pittsburgh audience this week and raised two hundred and fifty thousand dollars within a half hour. These gentlemen had been sent to investigate the conditions in the devastated regions. Mr. Marshall said

"Becase the Yiddish language is of German root," he said, "the Jewi have been subjected to cruelties, false charges of treason and actual bar barities. In the war between the Uk raimians and Poles the Jews were called upon to declare on which sidthey stood. Uncertain of the outcome of the struggle they did not dare decide. They declared themselves neutral and suffered from the hands of both sides."

"Our race," said Mr. Marshall, "before the war, was slowly but surely lifting its head above the centuries of persecution. As it neared the heights and began to see the promised land the war came. As the clouds of that great conflict rol away we see the devastation, the misery, the starva-

tion and ruin which has been visite upon our people which put the hor rors of the Inquisition to shame."

Rabbi Krass confined his narrative to incidents which he saw in Eastern Europe. The ruins left by the retreating armies now offer the only selter available in many sectione, he said. Cellars of devastated areas from the chief housing facilities. Into these dark holes whole families now live in filth and manaced by disease principally typhus, he said. In one small cellar he found 19 families living without privacy. Many of these

(Continued on Page Four.)

BOOSTER'S BOOST

(Continued from Page One.)
Free said, had once been wealthy and

Many Jews Slain.

Fife found conditions particularly bind in Lemburg. The city, which was besieged by the Flevalnians. The Jews, after deciding to xemain neutral, fell victims to the Exambardment of the town. When the Flevalnians were finally driven off the Piedes entered the Jewish puarter of the town and killed many of the Jews and wounded hundreds, he said.

The Marshall declared reports that the Jaws are siding with the Bolshevil ame false. The few who have joined them there are forces have divorced them their faith he said

The religious Jew is law-abiding and peace loving and not revolution-arry, in the red sence," he asserted. Reciping the Jews in their extremity is cost helping the Bolshevists, the Speaker emphatically declared.

Speaking of individual cases of suffering, Mr. Marshall told of a mother small three children who lost husband and father at one stroke when the craims of the cellar in which they wave living caved in and killed many of the occupants of the place.

Countries Filled With Insane.

The countries through which he respectively young girls who have been attacked by soldiers, Mr. Marshall said.

These who are left cannot even work increase they were not left enough choosing to cover their bodies and allow them to seek it, he asserted:

The murder and torturing of the forms in these districts as described by Mr. Marshall, left little to the forms with the aged look that is in the faces of the people. Man and maken in the prime of life look as if the faces of the people was and the faces of the people. Man and the faces of the people was an in the prime of life look as if the faces of the people was an in the prime of life look as if the faces of the people was an in the prime of life look as if the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the faces of the fa

thathing facilities are unknown in the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the construction of the constru

State, strange as it may seem,"
safe Mr. Marshall, "I found a spirit
off eptimism that was amazing. The
Bears of devastated Europe have\nevery faith that American Jews are\nexpensing to their relief.

"Life for six million in the shadow of death! ... Six millions mean what? ... Six million souls, old men, old women, and little children in Poland, Lithuania, Russia, Palestine, Galicia, Turkey, Syria, Roumania, Greece, and Bulgaria are in imminent danger of starving to death this winter. ... The responsibility of maintaining life in these six million suffers rest upon every man and woman in the United States ..."

ECTADY GAZETTE, THURSDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 16, 1919

PAGE PIETRES

Local Scout Troop Plans Camp Season

Troop No. 8 Will Oive Entertainment to Raise Funds for Next Summer.

The camping-bus has invaded the Tatire personnel of Troop No. 5. local Boy Scouts. White the scouts are already makins plans for next summer's program out-doors, they also also have made up their minds than he slackers are going to do with them. With this principle in view they have voluntarily adopted a victorous point-system at last week's meeting in the high school.

However, Insamuch as funds are necessary, seen for a south camp, plans are strondy under way for an entertainment to be head in the High Echical saddiction this winter. It will be made up of moving pictures, cump scenes, singing and jakes.

One of crew Troop No. 8, has just loined the may. His name is Charles Girardot, of Mr. Diesanet, which he will not see again for four years. Another, Willard Powell, is now a soldier.

Proposals for the Duanesburg Road Received By State

(Special to the Gazetta)
ALBANY, Oct. 15—Proposals for
the improvement of the following
state roads were resulved by State
Commissioner of Highways today:
Read No. 163, Doanesburs-Esper-

Read No. 163, Doaneshurz-Esperahez, Schenestady county; 432 miles. Engineer's estimate for the work 4105.480.001; W. L. Lawton, Glens Palls, N. Y., 3107.584.0; J. J. Malley, Schenestady, N. Y., 107.584.00.

Schenectady county, 0.63 miles, (Engineer's cellmate for the work, 326-15.95.); Veader Contracting Co., Inc., Schenectady, N. Y., 222,711.59; Brown & Lowe Co., Schenectady, N. Y., 121,925-59; J. C. Connors Co., Schenectady, N. Y., 321,132.45; Hendrickson-McCobe Construction Co., Syracuse, N. Y., 324,295.50; J. J. Mailoy, Schenectady, N. Y., 242,955.51.

Road No. 1447. Cobleskill-Sharon Springs, Pt. 2, Schohntis county, 3.25 miles. (Engineer's estimate for the work \$131,510,38); No proposals

Road No. 1372 Sbansville-Esperance, Schobaric county, 5.79 miles. Engineers selimate for the work 1144,797.091; A. J. Reckwood, Rochester, N. Y. 1119,725.19; Harry W. Roberts Co. Utlea, N. Y. 1110,388.73; Charles B. Schlemmer, Jalip, N. Y. 1144,124.09

ENGAGEMENTS

Announcement has been made of the engagement of herothy Freda Cherry, daughter, of Mr. and Mrs. Fred D. Cherry, to Cantain Alan Kennath Magner, son of Mr. and Mrs. George T. Magner of this city.

Announcement has been made of the engagement of Dorothy Freda Cherry, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Fred D. Cherry, to Captain Alan Kenneth Magner, sen of Mr. and Mrs. Gaorge P. Magner of this city.

ZINK FORFEITS FIVE.

Add Up Your Troubles!

Strike a Balance and Compare It With This-

While the 3,500,000 American Jews were loyally fighting and laboring to help "make the World safe for Democracy," the Jews of Eastern Europe were being ground out of existence by the ebb and flow of contending armies.

Today 6,000,000 Jews Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known in the Long History of the Race

Families are scattered — broken. A hundred thousand children are orphaned. Poverty is the common lot. Disease stalks on every hand.

America Is the Only Hope

In this, the greatest crisis that Jewry has ever known in centuries of suffering and persecution, the Jews of America turn to their fellow citizens of all races and creeds for that material and immediate aid which alone can save the survivors of the race in Europe from destruction.

\$35,000,000 NEEDED!

This sum represents the amount sought from the country at large. Every cent of it will go to buy the necessities of life for the destitute, starving and utterly stricker men, women and children across the sea. It is veritable ransom money, for without it millions will surely die!

JEWISH RELIEF CAMPAIGN

"Life for Those in the Shadou of Death"

Schenectady's Quota Is \$35,000 The Campaign Begins Monday, Oct. 20

"Today 6,000,000 Jews Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known in the Long History of the Race."

Schenectady Gazette (NY), October 16, 1919, page 15.

The Post-Standard (Syracuse NY), October 27, 1919, page 5.

"There are 6,000,000 Jews in eastern Europe whom the war has left dependent upon America for aid. About 800,000 are children."

The Crucifixion of Jews Must Stop!

(Former Governor of the State of N. Y.)

From across the sea six million men and women call to us for help, and eight hundred thousand little children cry for broad

These children, these men and women are our fellow-members of the human family, with the same claim on life as we, the same susceptibility to the winter's cold, the same propensity to death before the fangs of hunger. Within them reside the illimitable possibilities for the advancement of the human race as naturally would reside in six million human beings. We may not be their keepers but we ought to be their helpers.

In the face of death, in the throes of starvation there is no place for mental distinctions of creed, no place for physical differentiations of race. In this catastrophe, when aix million human beings are being whirled toward the grave by a cruel and relentless fate, only the most idealistic promptings of human nature should sway the heart and move the hand.

Six million men and women are dying from lack of the necessaries of life; eight hundred thousand children cry for bread. And this fate is upon them through no fault of their own, through no transgression of the laws of God or man; but through the awful tyranny of war and a bigoted just for Jewish blood.

In this threatened holocaust of human life, forgotten are the niceties of philosophical distinction, forgotten are the differences of historical interpretation; and the determination to help the helpless, to shelter the homeless, to clothe the naked and to feed the hungry becomes a religion at whose altar men of every race can worship and women of every creed can kneel. In this calamity the temporalities of man's fashionings fall away before the eternal verities of life, and we awaken to the fact that from the hands of one God we all come and before the tribunal of one God we all must stand on the day of final reckoning. And when that reckoning comes mere profession of lips will not weigh a pennyweight; but deeds, mere intangible deeds, deeds that dry the tear of sorrow and allay the pain of anguish, deeds that with the spirit of the Good Samaritan pour oil and wine in wounds and find sustenance and shelter for the suffering and the stricken, will outweigh all the stars in the heavens, all the waters in the seas, all the rocks and metals in all the celestian globes that revolve in the

Race is a matter of accident; creed, partly a matter of inheritance, partly a matter of environment, partly one's method of ratiocination; but our physical wants and corporeal needs are implanted

WHITHER?

in all of us by the hand of God, and the man or woman who can, and will not, hear the cry of the starving; who can, and will not, take heed of the wail of the dying; who can, and will not, stretch forth a helping hand to those who sink beneath the waves of adversity is an assassin of nature's finest instincts, a traitor to the cause of the human family and an abjurer of the natural law written upon the tablets of every human heart by the finger of God himself.

And so in the spirit that turned the poor widow's votive offering of copper into silver, and the silver into gold when placed upon God's altar, the people of this country are called upon to sanctify their money by giving \$35,000,000 in the name of the humanity of Moses to six million for inhed man and women.

Six million men and women are dying
\neight hundred thousand little children
are crying for bread.

And why?

Because of a war to lay Autoeracy in the dust and give Democracy the sceptre of the Just.

And in that war for democracy 200,000 Jewish lads from the United States fought beneath the Stars and Stripes. In the 77th Division alone there were 14,000 of them, and in Argonne Forest this division captured 54 German guns. This shows that at Argonne the Jewish boys from the United States fought for democracy as Joshua fought against the Amalekites on the plains of Abraham. In an address on the so-called "Lost Battalion," led by Colonel Whittlesey of Pittsfield, Major-General Alexander shows the fighting stuff these Jewish boys were made of. In some way or another Whittlesey's command was surrounded. They were short of rations. They tried to get word back to the rear telling of their plight. They tried and they tried, but their men never got through. Paralysis and stupefaction and despair were in the air. And when the hour was darkest and all seemed lost, a soldier lad stepped forward, and said to Col. Whittlesey: "I will try to get through." He tried, he was wounded he had to creep and crawl, but he got through. To-day he wears the Distinguished Service Cross and his name is

Because of this war for Democracy win illion Jewish men and women are starving across the seas; eight hundred thou and Jewish babies are system for bread

The Crucifixion of Jews Must Stop!

(Continued from page 583)

In the name of Abraham Krotoshinsky who saved the "Last Italiation," in the same of the one hundred and alnety-nine thousand and nine hundred and ninety-sine other Jewish boys who fought for Democracy beneath the Stars and Stripes wen't you give copper, or silver, or gold, is keep life in the heart of these man and these women; to keep blood in the bodies than habites?

THE JEW HAS HELFED EVERYSON'S BUT THE JEW.

In the world-war the Jew has helped everybody but the Jew. "Over there" he helped in camp, in council and in conflict. "over here" he helped the Red Cross, the Y. R. C. A., the Knights of Calumbus, the Masons, the Salvation Army and everybedy in help the Jew, and God knows now in the time he needs it.

manily. Verily, Byron was right when be wrote:

"Tribes of the wandering feet and weary breast.

Whither shall ye flee to be at rest?
The wild dove both her nest, the fox

Mankind their countries, Israel but

But level is entitled to a place in the run, and the crucificion of Jews went stop. We repeat the war is over for everybedy, but the Jew. Like Isaac the kails is at his throat, but unlike Isaac no power seems able to stop the steel from thirsting for his blood. But some power the waris must raise up to prevent this decimation of a deserving race, For the peace of the world a League of Nations let us have by all means; but for the Humanity of the World, to give justice to the Jew and other oppressed peoples on earth, let us have a Truce of God!—Albany Times Union.

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Reduced to \$437.25

Advantageous wholesale connections and tow operating cost emable us to sell lower than elsewhere. A competition will convince you.

"The Crucifixion of Jews Must Stop! From across the sea six million men and women call to us for help ... Within them reside the illimitable possibilities for the advancement of the human race as naturally would reside in six million human beings. ... In this catastrophe, when six million human beings are being whirled toward the grave by a cruel and relentless fate, only the most idealistic promptings of human nature should sway the heart and move the hand. Six million men and women are dying from lack of the necessaries of life ... bigoted lust for Jewish blood. In this threatened holocaust of human life in the name of the humanity of Moses to six million famished men and women. Six million men and women are dying ... six million Jewish men and women are starring across the seas ... "

The American Hebrew (NY), October 31, 1919, page 582.

No.64, October 1919

"In the midst of our campaign for the relief of the six million Jews of Eastern Europe ..."

The Evening Tribune Providence (RI), October 31, 1919, page 11.

How Much is a Child Worth?

With \$200 you can save one child's life in castern Europe for a whole year.

For \$20 you can feed one little girl for a month, even in Poland, where food costs twice as much

For 25 cents you can buy a tenyear old boy more food than he has had to eat at one time for the

There are 6,000,000 Jews in eastern Europe whom the war has left dependent upon America for aid. About 800,000 of them are children.

One change of clothes may save a boy or girl from the terrible typhus epidemic which is raging now in eastern Forme.

Potand is full of children of eight or ten years old, no larger than infants of a few months, who cannot walk, because of lack of food.

There are hundreds of thousands of Jewish children in Poland, Czecho-Slovakia, Lithuania, Rumania, Siberia and the Orient, left helpless and homeless by the war. Thousands of them unable to get into the already overcrowded orphanages beg on the streets by day, and aleep on the streets by night. And there, but for the grace of God, goes your own little boy or girl! ¶ A million children don't know what milk tastes like. They are not your children—but just suppose they were.

¶ How would you feel if your child were suddenly deprived of food and was forced to face a coming winter without shoes, and hardly enough rags to cover its puny body to say nothing of protection against the cold?

¶ And yet this condition actually exists. Think of it! Think of it!

¶ Almost a million innocent children robbed of their birthright! Their childhood is awry. Ever since their prattling baby days they have known only War. Peace to them is an utter stranger. For years thousands of them have wandered, refugees from contending armies. Other thousands are orphaned. None have known a full meal in five years.

They can't remember what milk tastes like!

¶ Think of the long dreary days, with the hunger pangs ever gnawing at their little vitals. Think of the terrible endless nights, spent alone and unprotected out in the fields under the stars or on dirty city streets. Think of the rags and the dirty and the lack of loving kindness, of the sickness and the suffering and the heartaches of myriads of little tots "out on their own" in a world gone mad.

¶ Could but a part of the sufferings of little Jewish children throughout Eastern Europe in the past five years be summed up in words, the world would stand aghast. Surely the heart of the loving God must be sorely wounded at what these little ones have been through.

¶ Here is a situation where race, creed, nationality—nothing counts except humanity. It is a blot on the escutcheon of the human race. Nor can America ever clear herself if she permits these conditions to continue.

¶ These multitudes of Jewish children in Eastern Europe must have food! They must have clothing! They must have a decent place to live!

¶ And they must have a little of the care and loving kind—of the child of your heart and of these numberless Jewish—of the child of your heart and of these numberless ewish

American Jewish Relief Committee

"There are 6,000,000 Jews in eastern Europe whom the war has left dependent upon America for aid."

HOOVER VISITS JEWS; TELLS OF SUFFERING

American Food Administrator Pictures
Terrible Conditions in Poland and
Czecho-Slovakia.

\$400,000 FUND IS ASKED OF NEBRASKA THIS MONTH

CHILDREN ARE SO WEAK THAT THEY CANNOT WALK

"Dr. Goldflamm of Warsaw tells me upon the authority of his medical reputation that in his clinic during the past year there has not been a Jewish child up to four years of age who could walk. Some of the children have forgotten, have unlearned how to walk. They have been rachitic from under-neurishment, from being fed once a day this warm potato soup and this hunk of bread."

-From an eye-witness.

First-hand information of the starvation and destitution of the Jewish peoples of Poland and Czecho-Slovakia, as it exists today, is brought out of this land of sorrow and horror by Herbert Hoover, head of the inter-allied relief organization, who has returned to Vienna after a trip of inspection.

Mr. Hoover declared that the economic situation in much of the territory he visited could only be expressed by the term "complete demoralization." The continued:

"As a result of seven invasions by different armies, the country has been largely denuded of buildings. These regions are four-fifths uncultivated."

The territory which Mr. Hoover visited is but a part of that in which 4,000,000 Jews, sufferers of war and war's equally stoday, hopeless, too, save for the promise of aid from America, which may give them food and clothing until order comes out of chaos and gives them again a chance to make their own livelihood.

To meet this trust of starving and destitute humanity, the American Jewish War Relief Committee is conducting a nation-wide campaign for \$35,000,000, as a 1919 budget to supply the MINIMUM needs, Nebraska's share of this fund, \$400,000, to be raised in a campaign during the week of September 15-22a

George Brandeis, well-known Omaha merchant, has accepted the chairmanship of the Nebraska committee, nonsectarian, under the chairmanship of Governor, McKelvia.

Harry Wolf, leading Omaha realtor, has agreed to pay the entire expense of the Nebraska campaign. This means that every cent that every other contributor gives will be used for direct relief, in food, clothing, hospital supplies and other necessities of life.

Hendquarters of the campaign have been established in a "nut" on the copy thouse square at Oniaha.

WHAT AMERICAN DOLLARS MEAN TO STARVING JEWS

The Need: SIX MILLION STARVING

Six million Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia are dying of starvation. Refugees, they wander homeless, hungry, in rags. Herbert Hoover has said that one million people will die in Eastern Europe this winter. Thousands upon thousands will perish of starvation and exposure unless immediate aid comes from America. The destitution of Jewish war sufferers during the coming months will probably surpass anything ever known an the history of human suffering. Their suffering is worse than death—it is the lingering torture of starvation, the pitcous tragedy of emaciation, the horrible walting, in agony of hunger, for the grim reaper to end their misery. These six million despairing souls are totally dependent on American generosity for the bare necessities of life.

The Object: \$35,000,000 for 6,000,000

This year finds Prussianism and autocracy destroyed but famine remains threatening world peace and happiness. Until a stable government is established and industry begins again, the Jewish war sufferers are entirely dependent upon our help. America must respond with characteristic generosity to save the lives of these stricken people whom our boys lidva freed. The minimum adequate for relief is \$35,000,000. If Nebraska is to stand its share with other states, by must contribute \$400,000. Without this money the indespensable food and clothing cannot be secured. Without it, the work of rescue cannot go on.

HOW THE MONEY IS

With the sanction and assistance of the state department at Washington, these funds are sent through a branch committee in the Netherlands and by it distributed to the various relief centers.

YOUR CONTRIBUTION.

George Brandets, Treasurer, Nebraska Committee

for Jewish Relief.

relief of Jewish war sufferers, all of which is to be used for direct relief.

(Enclose your check and mail to George Brandels, Jewish War Reiter Committee, Court House Square

"The territory which Mr. Hoover visited is but a part of that in which 6,000,000 Jews, suffers of war and war's equally horrible after-math, stand helpless today, ... The Need: SIX MILLION STARVING SOULS. Six million Jews in Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Palestine, Turkey and Siberia are dying of starvation. ... These six million despairing souls are totally dependent on American generosity for the bare necessities of life. The Object: \$35,000,000 for 6,000,000 LIVES"

DISEASE AND STARVATION IN POLAND

Lieut. Wright Tells of Half Starved People Clad in Rags

BREAD OUT OF LEAVES

Says 6,000,000 Face Death This Winter Unless Given Immediate Relief

The hardships of the coming winter will mean death to thousands of Jews in Poland, unless outside aid intervenes at once, according to Lieutenant Shelton Wright, of the American Red Cross Commission to Poland, recently returned to the United States after months of relief work in eastern Europe,

He painted a vivid picture of this half-starved people, clad in rags, who are now creeping back toward their devastated homes, after months of refugee wandering, and dying of starvation and typhus along the roads, as they go.

"Outright starvation, numerous diseases, attributed to mainutrition and typhus have killed men and women and children like flies," he said. "I remember a family trying to live under an over-turned wagon by the roadside. The mother was dead under a tree a few yards away,—she had been dead for days. The father was stretched upon the ground dying of typhus. He died that day. Under the wagon were two little children, both under five, sick with typhus. An older child sat stupidly beside them—a girl driven out of her mind,"

Bread Out of Louves

Many of the people are driven to making "bread" out of leaves and bark, and "soup" out of grass and water. Lieutenant Wright reported. In spite of the fact that the American Jewish Relief agencies are spending almost \$2,000,000 a month now on their relief work in Poland, and that the American Red Cross is doing its work on so vast a scale, hundreds of thousands of people will die during the winter galess more aid comes.

Die Along the Way
"Every bex car full of refugees
returning to their homes has in it
those who die along the way, and
those who have contracted typhus",
Lieutenant Wright said. "The people try to avoid disease by keeping
cledn, but it is impossible to do so\nunder existing conditions. Even
our American nurses and doctors fall\nill of typhus, a disease caused by
fifth and lice."

The American Red Cross and the Jewish Relief agencies are doing their utmost to keep both the Jews and the Gentlies in these stricken lands alive. Six million Jews in eastern Europe face death during the coming winter, unless immediate shipments of food, clothing, and bedding from the United States reach them before the cold weather sets in. Herbert Hoover, head of the American Food Cammission, who recently returned to America, said that without the funds raised by the Jowish Relief and co-operating organizations it would be impossible to feed between 4,000,000 and 5,-000,000 starving children in eastern Europe.

Philadelphia and the surrounding counties of this district, are preparing to contribute their share during the week of November 17th towards the relief of the awfu! condition of the destitute war sufferers abroad. The district includes in addition to Philadelphia, the counties of Bucks. Herks, Chester, Delaware, Lancaster, Lobanon, Lohigh, Montgomery and Northampton, under the general chairmanship of Dr. Cyrus Adler, of Philadelphia. The funds thus raised will be dispersed thruthe Joint Distribution Committee.

"DISEASE AND STARVATION IN POLAND Lieut. Wright Tells of Half Starved People Clad in Rags BREAD OUT OF LEAVES Says 6,000,000 Face Death This Winter Unless Given Immediate Relief ... 6,000,000 Face Death ... Six million Jews in eastern Europe face death during the coming winter,"

TELLS SAD PLIGHT OF JEWS.

Felix M. Warburg Says They Were the Worst Sufferers in War.

Felix M. Warburg, Chairman of the Joint Distribution Committee of American Funds for Jewish War Sufferers, who returned several days ago from a trip to Europe for that organization, made public yesterday some of his findings.

"The successive blows of contending armies have all but broken the back of European Jewry," he said, "and have reduced to tragically unbelievable poverty, starvation and disease about 6,000,000 souls, or half the Jewish population of the earth

"The Jewish people throughout Eastern Europe, by sheer accident of geography, have suffered more from the war than any other element of the population. The potential vitality and the capacity for self-help that remains to these people after the last five years is amaz-

The people are deeply moved by the help given them by America, Mr. Warburg said, but it would be fatal to lessen the emergency aid now while millions are in tragic need. The \$30,000,000 spent by his committee, he said, has fed and clothed more than a million children and has renewed the hope of five million parents and elders.

"For more than four years," he said, "the war on the Eastern front was fought largely in the congested centres of Jewish population. A straight north and south line from Riga, on the Baltic to Salonika, on the Aegean Sea, will touch every important battle area of the Bastern war zone and every centre of Jewish population. After the cataclysm of the last few years it is too much to expect this Jewry to become self-sustaining in a short twelve-month."

Mr. Warburg is concerned over the program soon to be started for the discontinuance of emergency relief. This plan, he said, calls for the formation of a \$10,000,000 reconstruction corporation.

"This organization," he said, "would afford facilities for constructive aid to Jews abroad in the way of loans and credit at nominal interest rates. The value of this sort of assistance as a substitute for pure charity is apparent."

Other relief projects recommended by Mr. Warburg include the establishment of an express company to forward money and packages from Jews in this country to relatives and friends abroad; the distribution of \$120,000 worth of fuel in sections of Poland where destitution is greatest; the purchase of \$300,000 worth of cloth in the bolt whereby unemployed workmen of Poland may get raw material, and a plan to reunite those Jewish families that have relatives in the United States and those who have become separated abroad.

The New york Times

Published: November 12, 1919 Copyright © The New York Times

"The Jews were the worst sufferers in the war. The successive blows of contending armies have all but broken the back of European Jewry and have reduced to tragically unbelievable poverty, starvation and disease about 6,000,000 souls, or half the Jewish population of the earth."

New York Times, November 12, 1919.

AN APPEAL FOR Jewish Reliei

-- Won't You Help Them? Eight
Hundred Thousand Little Children
Cry for Bread. Won't You Heed
Them?

[From The Times-Union, Albahy, N.Y., Oct. 21, '19]

From across the sea six millions men and women call to us for help, and eight hundred thousand little children cry for bread

These children, these men and women are our fellow-members of the human family, with the same claim on life as we, the same susceptibility to the winter's cold, the same propensity to death before the fangs of hunger. Within them reside the illimitable possibilities for the advancement of the human race as naturally would reside in six million human beings. We may not be their keepers but we ought to their helpers.

In the face of death, in the throes of starvation there is no place for mental distinctions of creed, no place for physical differentiations of race. In this catastrophe, when six million human beings are being whirled toward the grave by a cruel and relentless fate only the most idealistic promptings of human nature should sway the heart

Six million men and women are dying from lack of the necessaries of life; eight hundred thousand children cry for bread. And this fate is upon them through no transgression of the laws of God or man; but through the awful tyranny of war and a bigoted lust for levelsh bleed.

Race is a matter of accident; creed partly a matter of inheritance, partly one matter of environment, partly one method of ratiocination; but our physical wants and corporeal needs are implanted in all of us by the hand of God and the man or woman who can, and will not, hear the cry of the starving who can, and will not, take heed of the wail of the dying; who can, and will not, stretch, forth a helping hand to those who sink beneath the waves of adversity is an assassin of nature's finest instincts, a traitor to the cause of the human family and an abjurer of the natural law written upon the tablets of every human heart by the finger of God himself.

Six million men and women are dying -- eight hundred thousand little child-

Because of a war to lay Autocracy in the dust and give Democracy the

And in that war for democracy 200,000 Jewish lads from the United States fought beneath the Stars and Stripes. In the 77th Division alone there were 14,000 of them, and in Argonne Forest this division captured 54 German guns. This shows that at Argonne the Jewish boys from the United States fought for democracy as Joshus fought against the Amalekites on the plains of Abraham. In an address on the so-called "Lost Battalion," led by Colonel Whittlesey of Pittsfield, Major-General Alexander shows the fighting stuff these Jewish boys were made of. In some way or another Whittlesey's command was surrounded. They were short of rations. They tried to get word back to the rear telling of their plight. They tried and they tried, but their men never got through. Paralysis and stupefaction and despair were in the air. And when the hour was darkest and all seemed lost, a soldier lad stepped forward, and said to Col. Whittlesey: "I will try to get through." He tried, he was wounded, he had to creep and crawl, but he got through. Today he wears the Distinguished Service Cross and his name is Abraham Krotoshinaky.

Because of this war for Democracy six million Jewish men and women are starying across the seas, eight hundred thousand Jewish babies are crying for bread. In the name of Abraham Krotoshinsky who saved the "Lost Ballalion," in the name of the one hundred and nirrety-nine other Jewish boys who fought for Democracy beneath the Stars and Stripes won't you give copper, or silver, or gold, to keep life in the heart of these men and these women; to keep blood in the bodies of these babies?

overybody but the Jew. "Over there" he helped the Red Cross, the Y. M. C. A., the Knights of Columbus, the Masons, the Salvation Army and everybody else. So now is time for eberybody to help the Jew, and God knows now is the time he needs it.

From out of the gloom of this war every other race, save one or two, has anatched a ray of sunshine. But amid the encircling gloom there is no light for the Jew "to lead thou me on." The war is over for everyone, but the Jew. The knife is still at his throat and an unreasoning and unreasonable century-old lust for Jewish blood opens his veins. The Jew is Roumanis, Poland and Ukrainia is being made the scapegoat of the war. Since the armistice has been signed thousands of Jews in Ukroinia have been offered up

as living sacrifices to diabolical greed and fanatical passion—their throat cut, their bodies rended limb from limb by assassin bands and rabid soldiery. In the city of Proskunoff one day a few weeks ago the dawn saw the door of every house wherein lived a Jew marked as a shambles for slaughter. For four days, from sunrise to sunset, fanatics: plied the dagger like demons from hell, stopping only to eat with hands adrip with the blood of Jewish victims. They killed the men; they were less merciful to women. These they violated, and then they killed. From a purpose to a fury, from a fury to a habit ran this killing of Jews, until within four days the atreets of Proskunoff ran red with blood like gutters of a slaughter house, until its homes became a mergue for thousands of slaughtered human beings whose gaping wounds cried out for vengeance and whose eyes had turned to stone at the horrors thay had seen

Six million men and women of the race that helped do the greatest of the world's work are falling into the grave! Your hand can help snatch them back! Won't you help? Eight hundred thousand babies of the race that helped us Christians build the tabernacle of Democracy are crying for bread! Won't you feed them?

And so for what the Jew is and what the Jew has been, for what the Jew has done in the long-ago and what the Jew did in the world war, in the name of the Divinity of Moses, in the name of the Divinity of Christ, won't you sanctify some of your money, won't you put a halo around some of your gold and silver by giving something men and women, the starving little children of the race that almost alone from the days of Moses to the days of Christ, and side by side with the Christians from the days of Christ until to day, has patiently and peristently belig lay stone upon stone in the Templesof Democracy that now crowns the hill of human endeavor and answers the prayer of human aspiration.

To that Temple of Democracy, which their fathers helped build, and which they belped save, six million famished men and women new turn mute eyes of appeal; eight hundred thousand starving children stretch out beseaching hands for belo.

What will the answer be?
"Life" or "Death!"
Give, America! Give, and the answer
"Life!"
Hear not the cry, deny the appeal,

"Six Million Men and Women Are Dying... Won't You Help Them? ... From across the sea six million men and women call to us for help ... in six million human beings ... In this catastrophe, when six million human beings are being whirled toward the grave by a cruel and relentless fate ... Six million men and women are dying ... Six million men and women are dying ... Because of this war for Democracy six million Jewish men and women are starving across the seas ... Six million men and women of the race that helped do the greatest of the world's work are falling into the grave! ... six million famished men and women now turn mute eyes of appeal ..."

SEC. SHAPIRO ON THE JEWISH RELIEF DRIVE

Bright Prospects That Lebanon Will Go Over the Top

QUOTA IS \$15,000

Six Million Face Winter of Starvation and Death

Volunteer workers in the Jewish Relief Campaign, report being well received throughout the city, and prospects are growing steadily brighter that the effort will go over the top with a hurrah. In speaking of the project today, Maurice Shapiro, the Executive Secretary said:

The purpose of this Campaign is to raise \$35,000.000 throughout the United States for the immediate relief of the more than 5,000,000 Jews and other nationalities in the warstricken countries of Europe. They face a dreadful winter of death by starvation and cold unless America helps. This fund is being raised through a series of State and District "drives" throughout the country.

L'banon County's share is \$15,000. This amount we hope to raise by an appeal to the entire communi-

Until July 1, 1319, the American Relief Administration had been helping to relieve the terrible conditions abroad. On that date the Commission officially ceased to exist. Relief work for the children is being carried on by Herbert Hoover through the American Relief Administration Children's Bureau. This Bureau is receiving money and active co-operation from the Jewish Relief agencies.

America is the only country which the great war has not seriously affected. In the nearly five years of world strife, have you, for instance, been hungry or cold because of any need growing out of the war?

In the future, as in the past, the money will be handled by the Joint Distribution Committee. Represen-

stantly on the ground and can see

Contrast the happy, well-fed, well-clad, well-cared-for life of your own little boy or girl with the starying ragged, homeless, barefooted wanderer of the same ago on the streets of war-stricken cities, and answer for yourself. For the price of an ice cream soda you can buy a tenyear-old boy more food than he has had at one time for the past five years; a change of clothing may save a boy or girl from the terrible typhus epidemic now raging thruout the devastated countries. Think these facts over when your little boy or girl greets you as you go home tonight.

Great quantities of wheat, condensed milk, meats, oils and fats, clothing, shoes, boots, and medical supplies enough, in fact, to fill several steamers, have already gone eversess and other cargoss are to follow.

You are "your brother's keeper," llecause your own little boy or girlhas ample food, would you turn a deaf ear to the cry of the tiny begrar on the streets who pleads for food?

In view of this the people of Lebanon County are asked to do their utmost to help reach this quota. EVERY DOLLAR YOU GIVE WILL HELP OTHERS TO LIVE.

"SEC. SHAPIRO ON THE JEWISH RELIEF DRIVE ... Six Million Face Winter of Starvation and Death ... 6,000,000 Jews and other nationalities in the war stricken countries of Europe."

Lebanon Daily News (PA), November 21, 1919, page 9.

What Does It Mean?

It is the symbol the rallying cry—of a campaign which is to begin in Baltimore on Saturday of this week.

A campaign which means the saving of six million men, women and children from the most horrible of all deaths—

STARVATION!

For nearly six years these people have been in the shadow of death. They are without food, clothing, homes—they lack the barest necessities of life. They are the Jews of Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Czecho-Slovakia and Palestine.

Here is a situation where nothing counts except humanity. These Multitudes Must Not Be Left To Die.

So, on next Saturday, November 22nd, and for the week that follows, men and women of every creed will unite in the effort to raise the money needed to feed, clothe and house these suffering, starving people.

It's everybody's job

(NON-SECTARIAN)

Jewish War Relief Campaign

NUVEMBER 22 to 30

Chairman Frederick County
JACOB ROSENSTOCK

TREASURER, J. W. L. CARTY.

Space donated by Frederick Savings Store

"A campaign which means the saving of six million men, women and children from the most horrible of all deaths— STARVATION ... They are the Jews of Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Czecho-Slovakia and Palestine."

"A campaign which means the saving of six million men, women and children from the most horrible of all deaths— STARVATION … They are the Jews of Poland, Lithuania, Galicia, Czecho-Slovakia and Palestine."

Cumberland Evening Times (MD), November 22, 1919, p.6.

"For First Time in History of Race, Jews Are Asking Others For Help. ... They are doing it because six million Jews in eastern and central Europe are actually in need of food at this moment. ... The problem of 6,000,000 starving men, women and little children ought to be the problem of all humanity."

GENTILES RESPOND TO CALL FOR JEWISH AID

Measures Are Under Way For Relief of Six Million Sufferers in Europe

REPORT IS MADE PUBLIC

Ten Million Dollar Campaign Is Being Planned to Wind Up Year's Work.

New York, Dec. 18.—The remarkable way in which the country has responded to the cry for relief from the 6,000,000 starving Jewish people of Eastern Europe, is shown to a report made public by Henry H. Resenfelt, director of the American Jewish Relief Committee, which has completed campaigns in about half of the states of the Union.

For the first time in the history of the Jewish race, Jew and Gentile worked side by side this year to alleviate the intense suffering of millions of Jews throughout Eastern Europe. American Jewry had borne alone the heavy burden of caring for their suffering kinsmen in the castern war cone throughout the four years of war, but with the signing of the armistice, the terrible condition of Eastern European Jews disclosed, proved too herculean a task for the Jews of this country to attempt to carry alone. So Gentile Joined with Jew and the gratifying results of this most radical departure from Jewish iraditions, is shown by a comparison of this year's and the 1918 campaign.

Will Save Many Lives.

Purchase of this vast quantity of clothing, which the joint distribution committee is now considering, will mean saving the lives of thousands of children, as well as adults, who will be given immediate protection against the winter, Henry H. Rosenfelt, director of the American Jewish Relief Committee, annunced, Lieut. Becker, in his cable, emphasized that "this is the only chance this winter to aid Kley and its surrounding territory."

Because of the opportunity to deliver this clothing at once to territory where it is so sorely needed, Mr. Resenfeit declared this is one of the most important measures over undertaken in this year's relief work in Eastern Europe. Included in the supplies are 70,000 pairs of shoes, which would be distributed mainly among the children, who are all practically barefoot.

"Report of Lieut Smith, military attache at Kiev, indicates terrible conditions," Lieut, Becker cabled. "If money consideration is too great, could purchase part of supplies, although a hundred times that amount is needed."

The great demands made upon the committee to tide the 6,000,000 starving Jews over the winter and the enormous amount of relief work already accomplished, are rapidly depleting the committee's treasury, according to Mr. Rosenfelt, which makes imperative completing attestate campaigns of the American Jewish Relief Committee by February. Funds raised from both Jews and Gentiles of far this year in half the state of the Union total over \$11,000,000, while over \$25,000,000 has been spent in eastern relief since the outbreak of the war, Mr. Rosenfelt added.

It is planned to wind up this year's work with a \$10,000,000 campaign in New York city, whose successful termination, is vitally necessary to insure completion of the Eastern European relief program. Mr. Rosenfell issid.

"GENTILES RESPOND TO CALL FOR JEWISH AID Measures Are Under Way For Relief of Six Million Sufferers in Europe ... 6,000,000 starving Jewish people ... 6,000,000 starving Jews ..."

Charleston Daily Mail (WV), December 18, 1919, page 15

"Today Six Million Jews Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known In the History of the Race."

"Six Million Human Beings Are Suffering the Tortures of Disease, Hunger and Death ... American Jewish Relief Committee"

"None suffered more severely during the war, none more patently endured the hardships under occupation and invasion than did the Jews. … It is estimated that today more than six million old men, women and children are actually starving to death …"

Lima Times Democrat (OH), December 27, 1919, page 2.

HOW MUCH IS A CHILD WORTH?

Turn for a moment, if you will, from your own cozy family circle to those 800,000 starving, ragged, helpless Jewish children in Eastern Europe. Consider their lot. You'll have to stretch your imagination to the breaking point—and even then you will not exaggerate the grim, terrible facts.

Think of it!

Almost a million innocent children robbed of their birthright! Their childhood is awry. Ever since their prattling baby days they have known only War. Peace to them is an utter stranger. For years thousands of them have wandered, refugees from contending armies. Other thousands are orphaned. None has known a full meal in five years. They can't remember what milk

Think of the long dreary days, with the hunger pangs ever gnawing a their little vitais. Think of the terrible endiess nights—spent alone and un protected out in the fields under the stars or on dirty city streets. Think of the rags and the dirt and the lack of loving kindness, of the stekness and suffering and the heartaches of myriads of little tots "out on their own" in a world gone mad.

Could but a part of the sufferings of little Jewish children throughou Eastern Europe in the past five years be summed up in words the world would stand aghast. Surely the heart of the loving God must be sorely wounder at what these little ones have been through.

Here is a situation where race, creed nationality—nothing counts exceptumently. It is a blot on the escutcheon of the human race. Nor can Americ ever clear herself if she permits these conditions to continue.

Those multitudes of Jewish children in Eastern Europe must have food They must have clothing. They must have a decent place to live.

And they must have a little of the care and loving kindness that is the birthright of every child born into the world—of the child of your heart an of these numberless Jewish children!

fed, unclothed—and unloved—offspring of the race across the sea. But it

the first consideration not only of Jewry, but of America as a whole. The \$35,000,000 that the American Jewish Relief Committee needs from the United States this year will on primarily to save the Jewish childhood abroald.

Shall it ever be said that for a few paltry dollars a host of little children were allowed to perish?

SHARE-DON'T DODGE!

Here are the facts:

With \$200 you can save one child's life in Eastern Europe for a whole year.

For \$20 you can feed one little girl for a month, even in Poland, where food costs twice as much as it does here.

For 25 cents you can buy a ten-year-old boy more food than he has had to eat at one time for the past live years.

pendent upon us for aid. About 800,000 of them are children.

One change of clothes may save a boy or girl from the terrible typhus epi-

Poland is full of children of eight or ten years old/no larger than infants of a few months, who cannot walk because of lack of food.

There are hundreds of thousands of Jewish children in Poland, Palestine Czecho-Slovakia, Lithuania, Roumania, Sibieria and the Orient, left helpless and homeless by the war. Thousands of them, unable to get into the already overcrowded orphanages, beg on the streets by day and sleep on the streets by night. And there, but for the grace of God, goes your own little boy or girll.

JEWISH RELIEF CAMPAIGN

"Life for Those in the Shadow of Death"

This space contributed by The Elmira Telegram

"There are 6,000,000 Jews in Eastern Europe whom the war has left dependent upon us for aid. About 800,000 of them are children."

"JEWS SUFFER GREAT TORTURES IN EUROPE … Six million human beings are suffering the tortures of disease, hunger and death in the devastated countries of Poland, Galicia, Rumania, Lithuania, and Palestine."

The Ogden Standard (UT), March 18, 1920, p.12.

AID SOUCHT FOR STARVING JEWS

Just now some six million of Jows, eight hundred thousand of them just children, are in immendanger of starvation in eastern Europe. Their American brethern have undertaken the herculean task of saving them. They have estimated that it will require a fund of \$35,000,000 to keep their poor, destitute bodies and souls together. And because of the enormity of the task and its pressing necessity, all races and creeds in America are now joining in the collect work in the behelf that race, creed or netionality should not be seen in this cry of dying humanity.

The demands of charity, and the demands for the necessities of life, are many and increasingly larger from day to day. Yet we, in our plenty, can scarcely fail to heed such a pressing call as this, a matter of life or death, nothing less.

Utah has been asked to raise \$70,000 of this fund. The 2,000 Jews of Utah have guaranteed to raise \$22,500 of this amount, or \$11.25 per capita, which is about \$65 for each head of a Jewish family in Utah. The Jews therefore, are not shirking their burden. But they do need some assistance from their friends. They have given until it has quit burting and feels good.

State Campaign Headquarters have been opened in the Salt Lake Commercial Clab, and a systematic plan laid out for quitetly asking for this help from the non Jews of the State.

Excerpts from Letter written by Dr. (Major) H. I Davis to Mrs Davis. I returned to Warsaw after an eight day tour of inspection of the Polish fighting fronts, cities and villages behind them, and large centers outside of Warsaw

My trip was extensive-2000 kilometers—by special train, guarded by polish troops, before we were thru we used our arm oured trains, horses, peasant's carts, automobiles, ambulances and our feet

I saw the actual fighting fronts of the Poles, Bolsheviks and Ukranians. Rifle in my hand and with my 45-Colt in my overcoat pocket, I walked thru trenches and heard for the first time the peculiar music of a shell. I rode horseback to the farthest villages, visited the cities of Kovel, Proversk, Vladimir, Volynski, Brest-Litovsk, Chelm and as far east as Pinel.

What I saw is beyond description. It oversteps all possible limits of imagination or dreams and they are after for fatched. Whole districts are bare, no outtwaled fields, homes burned and destroyed, whole cities demolished no horses, cattle and the people, Good God! There were moments when I wished I was never born to see what I did say.

Thousands and thousands of children, old men and women without clothing, warmth or food racked by typhus (in some places half of the population is suck) and other diseases. Wanderers by the thousands trying to return to their homes from which they were driven out by Russians or Germans Starving and dying women and children deleriously crying for breat. Huddled together in syn-

agogues, men and women, all too weak to stabil up or move about pitco sly stfetching their hads toward you. And those faces, emaziated, thin, burning eyes, hat-less, unalle to appreciate anything you may say to them, only begging for a piece of bread.

In the city of Pinsk I saw hundreds of children, we men and inmates of hospitals who did not have a piece of bread for four days And the bread they are asking for—a fibby mixture of a little flour with bark of trees or leaves, siwdust and God knows what.

What do you think of a diet of wild horse-chestnute for those sick with typhus or of warm water with a little corn meal mixed with it?

It was a pergatory which I saw, but a pergatory of human creation for living people

Those orphined children slowly starting to death, and our rich giving a few dollars of their surplus. It is a mockers

There were moments when I had to run away from the misery and suffering. How I wish I had plenty money to at least help them a little. I returned to Warsaw without 2 single pomy in my pockets,

Enough for this time Our people must belp The help must be prompt, it must be generous, it must be continuous, or we shall have on our consciences the death, horrible deaths,—It would be more merciful to kill them—of thousands upon thousands of prople THE GREAT-EST NUMBER OF WHOMAREJEWS

"Just now some six million of Jews, eight hundred thousand of them just children, are in imminent danger of starvation in eastern Europe."

"the 6,000,000 Jews in Eastern Europe, who have been facing death by starvation and disease for so many years. … Six million Jews, including over 1,000,000 children, are enduring terrible suffering and are facing annihilation through lack of food and disease."

The Landmark (Statesville, NC), March 26, 1920, page 2.

Don't Delay!

A nation is perishing of nunger.

Little children are wandering about homeless and dying of disease and exposure!

Half of the Jews in the world face death from Starva-

Only You can Help

and your help must come quickly if it is to save.

The Jewish War Relief Campaign asks of you all that your generosity can afford a contribution in accordance with your means.

This is not an ordinary appeal nor are the circumstances prompting it ordinary. Over six million Jews in Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe are without bomes and without food and without clothing.

In the Name of Humanity HELP THEM!

The campaign is almost over here. If you have not already done your share send your contribution without delay to

non-sectarian EWISH WAR RELIEF CAMPAIGN

Headquarters,

No. 5 Hunter Bldg., Oswego.

"Over six million Jews in Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe are without homes and without food and without clothing."

Oswego Daily Times, March 26, 1920, page 6.

Proclamation by the Governor

To the People of Oklahoma

Now that peace is assured the veil has been lifted to reveal in a measure, the indescribable suffering and privation of those peoples occupying the territory lying in the pathway of contending armies. This presents a picture so crushing in its desolate misery that it challenges the sympathy of the world.

Six million of helpless Jewish people—aged men, emacated women and piteous little children—homeless, naked and standing in the bread-line of the world. Many have died and many more are dying of starvation. EUROPE CAN GIVE NO AID AND NOTHING CAN SAVE THEM EXCEPT THE GENEROSITY OF THE PROSPEROUS AMERICAN PEOPLE.

This Is Surely a Problem of Humanity

Realizing this fact, the Jews of the State of Oklahoma, always responding most liberally to every worthy cause whether local or national and now seeking to succor their suffering brethren, appeal with confidence to their fellow citizens of all creeds in this great State to aid them in meeting this vast need in war-stricken Europe.

THEREFORE, I, J. B. A. Robertson, Governor of the State of Oklahoma, now designate April 5th to 12th, 1920, as Jewish War Relief Days and call upon the people of this State to lend an attentive ear to the cries of distress from the Jews in Europe.

IN TESTIMONY WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the Great Seal of the State to be affixed.

Done at the capitol this fifteenth day of March in the year of our Lord one thousand nine hundred and twenty and of the State the thirteenth year.

J. B. A. ROBERTSON,

"Proclamation by the Governor (of Oklahoma) ... Six million of helpless Jewish people ... J. B. A. ROBERTSON, Governor."

The Ada Evening News (OK), April 5, 1920, page 8.

HOOVER PLEA NETS \$1,600,000 FOR JEWS

Tells of Typhus Menace at Launching of New York Campaign for War Sufferers.

3,000,000 CHILDREN IN NEED

Louis Marshall and Judge Elkus Picture Plight of Stricken People—Large Contributions Made.

Although the American Relief Administration, in an endeavor to prevent the spread of typhus in Europe, recently obtained the entire assignment of antityphus material, drugs, machinery, disinfecting plants and motor cars, including all the tremondous equipment that went with each of the continental armies, this equipment is probably not one-third of the amount required "if typhus is not to spread gradually eastward and westward across the whole of Europe."

This statement was made last night by Herbert Hoover, at the Hotel Astor, where more than \$1,600,000 was subscribed at a dinner to launch the campaign known as the New York Appeal for Jewish War Sufferers. About 1,000 men and women prominent in all walks of life attended the dinner and listened to the appeals of Mr. Hoover, Louis Marshall, Abram 1. Elkus, Associate Judge of the Court of Appeals, and Judge Otto A. Resalsky, on behalf of the stricken Jews of Europe.

The menace of typhus was the note struck by all the speakers. Mr. Marshall leclared that typhus menaced 0,000,000

"In New York City there are 6,000,000 men, women and children," he said. Imagine that each and every one of hese 6,000 000 is without food, clothing, shelter, medicine, nurses, without help; inelier, medicine, nurses, without help; you, and your children and your friends and then you will begin to understand what it is that has brought us together and why we propose to find ways and means to help these unfortunate people."

Judge Elkus described the ravages of typhus as he witnessed it when Ambassador at Constantinople, and of his own experience when stricken by it.

Mr. Hoover, who received an ovation when he arose to speak, said that when the veil over Eastern and Central Europe was torn asunder there was revealed a mass of suffering humanity such as the world has not seen since the Thirty Years War. He said it was felt that unless special care and food were provided for them the degeneration of child life would be such that at least one generation in all that area from Lithuania to the Mediterranean would be lost.

Today, he said, 3,000,000 children are till dependent on American charity. The child-feeding service must still go on another year, he added, if the child life of Central Europe is to be maintained. "Suffering," he said, "is unknown in the United States under the terms that it comes home to every town and village through Poland, through Czecho-

There was an outburst of applause when Mr. Hoover remarked that the relief organization notified those Governments that were persecuting Jews that the relief work would not continue if the persecutions did not cease.

Subscriptions amounting to more than \$1.600,000 followed Mr. Marshall's address. Among the large subscriptions were the following:

The New Hork Times

Published: April 12, 1920 Copyright © The New York Time:

"HOOVER PLEA NETS \$1,600,000 FOR JEWS ... Mr. Marshall declared that typhus menaced 6,000,000 Jews of Europe."

The New York Times, April 12, 1920.

HOW MUCH IS A CHILD WORTH?

Turn for a moment, if you will, from your own cozy family circle to those 800,000 starving, ragged, helpless Jewish children in Eastern Europe. Consider their lot. You'll have to stretch your imagination to the breaking point—and even then you will not exaggerate the grim, terrible facts.

Think of it!

Almost a nillion innocent children robbed of their birthright! Their childhood is awe. Ever since their prattling baby days they have known only War. Peace to them is an utter stranger. For year thousands of them have wandered, refugees from contending armies. Other thousands are orphaned. None has known a full meal in the years. They can't remember whir milk

Think of the long dreary days, with the hunger pangs ever grawing at their little vitals. Think of the terrible endiess nights—spent alone and unprotected out in the fields under the stars or on diry city streets. Think of the rags and the dirt and the lack of loving kindness of the sickness and the suffering and the heartaches of mythads of little tots "out on their own" in a world gone mad.

Could but a part of the sufferings of little Jevish children throughout Eastern Europe in the past five years be summed up a words the world weals stand aghast. Surely the heart of the loving God must be sorely wounded at what these little ones have been through.

Here is a sinustion where race, creed nationality—nothing counts except humanity. It is a blot on the escutheon of the human race. Nor can America ever clear herself if she permits these conditions to centinue.

They must have clothing. They must have a decent place to live:

And they must have a little of the care and loring kindness that is the birthright of every child born into the world—of the child of your heart and of these numberiess Jewish children!

The first consideration of American Jewry is to care for the untended, un

the time consideration mt only of Jewry, but of America as a whole. This \$35,000,000 that the American Jewish Relief Committee needs from the United States this year will go primarily to save the Jewish childhood abroad,

Shall it ever be sail that for a few paltry dollars a host of little children

SHARE-DON'T DODGE!

Here are the facts:

With \$200 you can save one child's life in Eastern Europe for a whole was:

For \$20 you can feel one little girl for a month, even in Poland, where

For 25 cents you can buy a ten-year-old boy more food than he has had to

There are 6 000 000 leave in Factory Europe whom the war has left do-

One change of clotles may save a boyor girl from the terrible typhus epi-

Feland is full of children of eight or ten years old, no larger than infant

There are hundreds of thousands of Jevish children in Paland, Palestine, Czeche-Slovakia, Lithuania, Roumannia, Siberia and the Orient, left helpiess and hemeless by the war. Thousands of them, unable to get mot the already overcrowded orphanages, beg on the streets by day and aleep on the streets by night. And there, but for the grace of God, goes your own little boy or girll.

JEWISH RELIEF CAMPAIGN

HEADQUARTERS CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BUILDING, ROME, N. Y.

"Life for Those in the Shadow of Death'

Honorary Chairman Mayer A. G. Mickle
Chairman Dr. M. Levitan
Vice Chairmaa N. B. Spear
Treasurer Charles Lee
Secretary Manuel Morgan

Hon. John S. Bele Harry Barnard Henry Barnard Jr. J. H. Carrell C. G. Charaket Hon. James T. Cross F. J. DeRisschop Arthur S. Evans Louis T. Gregerson Albert R. Kessinger W. G. Levison Sidney Lipman I. C. Midlam Hon. W. G. Shankenbery Carl Simen M. Solmen George E. Staley

This Space Donated by Farmers National Bank and Rome Trust Company

"There are 6,000,000 Jews in Eastern Europe whom the war has left dependent upon us for aid. About 800,000 of them are children."

"There are 6,000,000 Jews in Eastern Europe whom the war has left dependent upon us for aid. About 800,000 of them are children."

Add Up Your Troubles!

Strike a Balance and Compare It With This—

While the 3,500,000 American Jews were loyally fighting and laboring to help "make the World safe for Democracy," the Jews of Eastern Europe were being ground out of existence by the ebb and flow of contending armies.

Today 6,000,000 Jows Are Facing the Darkest Days Ever Known in the Long History of the Race

Families are scattered — broken. A hundred thousand children are orphaned. Poverty is the common lot. Disease stalks on every hand.

America Is the Only Hope

In this, the greatest crisis that Jewry has ever known in centuries of suffering and persecution, the Jews of America turn to their fellow citizens of all races and creeds for that material and immediate aid which alone can save the survivors of the race in Europe from destruction.

\$35,000,000 NEEDED!

This sum represents the amount sought from the country at large. Every cent of it will go to buy the necessities of life for the destitute, starving and utterly stricken men, women and children across the sea. It is veritable ransom money, for without it millions will surely die!

JEWISH RELIEF CAMPAIGN

Oneida County Headquarters

124 Kempf Building

Utica, N. Y.

"Life for Those in the Shadou of Death"

This Space Contributed by the Practical Fur Shop, M. Woloskin, Prop

"Just Another Drive," But the Lives of 6,000,000 Human Beings Wait Upon the Answer

Just another drive—just another campaign—just another effort to alleviate human misery, to save the lives of men, women and children.

But to 6,000,000 men, women and children, HUNGER IS AN OLDER STORY, AND NAKEDNESS, HOMELESSNESS, DISEASE AND DEATH

At no time during the war, in any land, not even in Belgium or Northern France was there a situation more critical—a need more great—a demand for sacrific and help more insistent than now comes to us from

There is but ONE WAY in which the lives of the people of these land

There is but ONE PLACE in all the world to which they may loo for help.

This is the reason for the NON-SECTARIAN APPEAL to be made in we Yerk next week in behalf of the Sufferers from Famine, Disease and

If typhus fever and the other innimerable consequences of hundreds of thousands of human beings starving, are not checked in time SOME REVERBERATION OF THIS THUNDEROUS CALAMITY WHIL REACH OUR SHORES JUST AS SURELY AS EACH EPIDEMIC OF INFLUENZA IN EUROPE HAS ULTIMATELY FOUND ITS WAY ACROSS THE ATLANTIC OCEAN.

. Will YOU GIVE to save a life, or

"Shall Death Be the Highest Bidder?"

We hope you will not wait to be asked to give in person, but will send your check NOW to

PAUL BAERWALD, TREASURER, 389 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK

OTTO A. ROSALSKY, Chairman

GREATER NEW YORK FUND

TO BE ADMINISTERED BY THE

JOINT DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE

Executive Committee:

NAMEL, SHO TO J. BANNARD EVANGELIN FAUL BARS AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND ALL OFFICE AND AL

ROSENTELS, A. R. ROTHESTEN, SANCLE SUPERSEAS.

FRANCES H. MARIN, SEZIERN BARDHEY, LEDIK MANNERER, E.

KINATZEIN, JACOB H. SCHIEFT HARRIEL I. BERG, HIRE
KOREL, LEWISCOS H. SCHIEFT HARRIEL I. BERG, HIRE
BERG, LEWISCOS H. SCHIEFT HARRIEL I. BERG, HIRE
KATIKAS, STRAIS, GOGER S. STRAUS, JACOB S. STRAIL,

HENRY L. TEMBOS, MAR D. STEEKE, CYRIE I. SELZERGEGER,

B. C. VLADIECK, WW. H. WADHAMS, FELIX M. WARRING, JACOB

WEETHERIK B. GROGER W. WICKESSHAM, NEV. DR. STRÖTENS, S.

WIES, JOSEPH H. WISE, B. ZUCKERMAN, BAUL ADOLPH, MORRES

BOTTENSHEREN.

THIS ADVERTISEMENT IS PAID FOR BY DEFIRING, MILLIKEN & COMPANY, 78-83 LEONARD STREET

Contributions to this Fund in amounts of \$1,000 and more will be a temporarized in these culumns beginning on V. — ently, May 5th

"Just Another Drive, but the Lives of 6,000,000 Human Beings Wait Upon the Answer. ... to 6,000,000 men, women and children, HUNGER IS AN OLDER STORY, AND NAKEDNESS, HOMELESSNESS, DISEASE AND DEATH HAVE ALSO CEASED TO BE NOVEL."

New York Times, May 1st, 1920, page 8.

JEWS ASK PUBLIC TO AID WAR VICTIMS

Non-Sectarian Appeal for \$7,-500,000 Starts Today with Sermons in All Churches.

POLAND'S WOE APPALLING

Campaign to be Pressed by 10,000 Active Workers in the Five Boroughs.

A famished child upon the auction block, a mother in the foreground pleading for aid, death with outstretched arms lurking near and the legend, "Shall Death Be the Highest Bidder?"

Such is the pictorial representation of the needs of stricken peoples in the wardevastated zones of Central and Eastern Europe which will confront New Yorkers everywhere today. Back of that representation stands an organization designed to take advantage of everychannel to press home to the people of this city the need for contributing toward the \$7,500,000 to be raised here this week by the Greater New York Appeal for Lewish War Sufferers

This fund is but a tithe of that which must be subscribed in the entire country if disaster to whole peoples is to be averted. The world nature of the calamity which has overtaken men, women and children, deprived not only of life's bare necessities but of all means of rehabilitating themselves without aid from the outside, has led leading Jews of New York and the nation to turn to the public irrespective of creed, for help. Heretofore the Jews themselves have contributed many, many millions which have been expended by the Joint Distribution Committee through relief agencies of all countries and without regard to the religious beliefs of those in need. This time the burden is too gigantic to be borne by Jews alone.

Millions Racked by War.

A pen picture of actual conditions typical of those in several countries, has been sent to the Campaign Committee by Dr. Boris B. Bogen of this city, now in Warsaw as head of the First Relief Unit, sent abroad by the Joint Distribution Committee. Dr. Bogen writes:

"Hunger, cold rags, desolation, disease, death—Six million human beings, without food, shelter, clothing or medical treatment in what now are but the wastes of once fair lands, lands ravaged by long years of war or blighted by its consequences!

"That, in a few words, is the actual stitutation in all those countries that constituted what was known during the great conflict as the Eastern theatre of

"Words cannot adequately convey nor can any picture be drawn which can bring home to comfortable, affluent, happy New Yorkers, surrounded by their families and friends, riding in their automobiles, enjoying every luxury, the utter, abject, hopeless misery confronting the population of these lands, a population about equal to that of New York City itself.

If you would try to visualize, to realize the situation, place yourself at the corner of Fifth Avenue and Forty-

"The once teeming avenue is all but deserted. Gone are the gay equipages, their bejeweled occupants and liveried attendants. No longer are the sidewalks filled with a surging crowd of gayly dressed men and women. The street is all but still. Laughter and lively chatter are heard no more.

"Instead, old men lean for support against the buildings. Mothers, with dying babes tugging vainly at their breasts, sit along the curb. The flower of what was once the young manhood and womanhood of the city is not in the picture, for they, by thousands and tens of thousands, lie stricken in the over-crowded hospitals, laid low by the

Too Weak to Cry for Bread.

"Little children, with wasted frames and swollen bodies, cling to their mothers' rags, too weak to even cry for the

"A bitter wind sweeps the avenue from the north. A man-his tatters cannot be called clothes—his face blue and pinched, looks at you with unseeing eyes. You do not at first recognize him. It then dawns upon you that you have seen that face before. It is the face of a friend, a man who but a few short months before was weel-to-do, a banker, as prosperous, well-fed and well-dressed as you are now. He reaches out his arms toward you and falls at your feet. You stopp down to lift him up.

"The scene is not exaggerated, not overdrawn. It has its exact counterpart in hundreds of cities, towns and villages throughout Central and Eastern Europe at this very moment. The call comes from one human being to another, from those who have less than nothing to those who have much. It is the call of humanity.

"At no time during the war, in any land, not either in Belgium or Northerr France, was there a situation more critical, a need more great, a demand for sacrifice and help more insistent that now comes from Eastern and Centra Europe. Both the present and future existence of an, entire people are a stake."

The campaign is receiving the active co-operation and support of Archbishop Patrick J. Hayes of the Roman Catholic Diocese. Bishop Charles S. Burch of the Episcopal Diocese, Bishop Luther B. Wilson, President of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church; Miss Evangeline Booth, Commander of the Salvation Army.

Members of the Executive Committee include Cleveland H. Dodge, Treasurer of the Committee for the Relief in the Near East; President Nicholas Murray Butler of Columbia University, George Gordon Battle, Otto T. Bannard, John G. Agar, the Rev. Dr. David J. Burrell, Robert Grier Cooke, Paul G. Cravath, Francis D. Gallatin, Charles H. Sabin, President of the Guaranty Trust Company; former Attorney General George W. Wickersham, Judge Joseph F. Mulqueen, Judge William H. Wadhams and

The appeal is to be brought home forcibly to the people of New York in many ways. Today is Church Sunday, and there will be special sermons in the churches of all denominations. The Rev. Dr. S. Parkes Cadman has prepared a model sermon for Protestant churches, Vicar General Joseph F. Mooney has written a message to the Roman Catholic churches, and Dr. Nathan Stern, rabbl of the West End Synagogue, prepared an appeal to be read to the Jewish congregations.

Children in the public schools, through the co-operation of the Board of Education, are to hear the story of the sufferings of the children in other lands. In theatres, moving-picture houses, clubs, hotels and restaurants, in short wherever people are gathered together, the conditions they are asked to alleviate

It is estimated that not fewer than 10,000 active workers have been enlisted in the cause in the five boroughs. The organization for the campaign has been divided into three parts: The organization of the trades and industries, so that not a single business or profession in the city has been overlooked; the women's division, embracing 3,000 women workers under the leadership of Mrs. I. Unterberg, Mrs. Samuel C. Lamport and Mrs. S. S. Prince, which has divided the city into districts; the women organized the schools and churches and will make a direct appeal to the homes and to the neighborhood store-keepers; the 'third organization is that of the boroughs, cach horough, Manhattan, the Bronz, Brooklyn, Queens and Richmond, having a horough organization.

The New Hork Times

Published: May 2, 1920 Copyright © The New York Times

"JEWS ASK PUBLIC TO AID WAR VICTIMS ... "Hunger, cold rags, desolation, disease, death—Six million human beings without food shelter, clothing or medical treatment ..."

"Your help is needed to save the lives of six million people in Eastern and Central Europe."

ASK \$7,500,000 HERE FOR EUROPE'S NEEDY

Great Drive, with \$35,000,000 Objective, Is the Theme of Many Pulpits.

1.500 AT 'HUNGER DINNER'

Secretary Colby Gives Government
Approval of Jewish Relief
Appeal.

The appeal for \$7,500,000 to relieve appalling conditions of disease and distress among 6,000,000 people in Central and Eastern Europe was put before New Yorkers yesterday. In virtually all the churches there were sermons emphasizing the non-sectarian character of this call to humanity and at a "hunger dinner" at the Biltmore last night Secretary of State Bainbridge Colby expressed the Government's official sanction of the campaign and its official knowledge of the calamitous character of the troubles that have overtaken

The Greater New York Fund for Jewish War Sufferers will try to raise the full amount in the present week, and, having already subscribed more than \$30,000,000 for relief, it is turning for the first time to the general public for funds. The whole nation is being asked to subscribe \$35,000,000, a sum which must be raised quickly, according to those with first-hand knowledge of conditions in Poland, East Galicia, the Ukraine, and other places, if hundreds of thousands are not to die of starvation or to fall a prey to the ravages of typhus iever, aiready stalking through the lange.

Today the entire east side is to be draped in mourning, in token of sym-

part in the great work of world recovery. I deny that the specious pleat of Americanization is an absolution for our national or personal duty. You are not Americanizing an American obligation when you are coupling it with reservations or expressing it in terms of

"America is acting falsely to that simple and rugged honesty which is part of the American character when it hesitates and draws back upon the performance of a duty or the grasping and embracement of an opportunity. Let us give of our political power, of our political experience, of our commercial strength, of our pecuniary power, to the succor and relief of this sorely afflicted world.

It is not only our duty as human beings, but it is the only enlightened poiley. Shall a man who is riding of the promenade deck of a great steamer profess himself to be wholly unconcerned with the fact that there is a gaping hole in the hull of the ship?"

Louis Marshall said that those who had labored long for the relief of Jewish war sufferers had expected that suffering to cease very soon after the war was over, but unfortunately peace was not yet declared and the conflict still was raging.

Tells of Plague's Bavages.

"Suffering," said Mr. Marshall. "has not decreased, but increased beyond what it was in the active days of the war. Despite all we have told you in the past, there are even lower depths, people are falling victims to typhus in East Galicia, in Poland and the Ukraine and unless we send food, clothing, the proper apparatus and the means to operate that apparatus, not thousands, not hundreds of thousands, but such vast numbers of our people will die as will stagger the imagination."

Er. I. Edwin Goldwasser begged the workers for team work, urging them to function like Kipling's "Ship that Found Herself" with the uniform hum of one vast machine, with all parts driving

Judge Rosalsky expressed the committee's thanks to the workers and to the non-Jews who are co-operating in the

Felix M. Warburg told how first-hand reports from unquestioned sources confirmed the worst that could be imagined of some of the stricken districts. He explained bow the fiendishness of underpaid soldiers under arms for five years had caused much of the misery, and defended the Jews in some places from the charge of Bolshevism, asserting they were of a class who never would have indorsed propaganda of that

"Secretary Colby Give Government Approval of Jewish Relief Appeal. ... appalling conditions of disease and distress among 6,000,000 people in Central and Eastern Europe ..."

THE APPEAL-

To Save Six million Men and Women in Eastern Europe from Extermination by Hunger and Disease.

THE FACTS-

"It is proper for me in my official capacity to certify to the men and women of New York that the appalling conditions which have been related to them and of which they have formed very varying realizations are true beyond the power of words to convey adequately."

BAINBRIDGE COLBY, Secretary of State

THE RESPONSE-

THUS FAR

TWO HAVE GIVEN \$100,000 - Jacob H. Schiff and Felix M. Warbury

ONE HAS GIVEN \$60,000-The Lamport Company.

ONE HAS GIVEN \$50,000-Harry B. Rosen.

ONE HAS GIVEN \$30,000-Mr. and Mrs. Nathan Helbeimer.

THREE HAVE GIVEN \$25,000—Mr. and Mrs. Schatzkin and Son, Jefferson Seligman and Mrs. Felix M. Wayburg.

SEVEN HAVE GIVEN \$20,000—Col. Michael B. F. Samuel and Harry

Col. Michael R. Friedsant, Louis Marshall, Samuel and Harry Sachs, Reuben Sadowsky, Jacob Sperber, Weinstein Bros., Inc., and Jacob Wortheim.

ONE HAS GIVEN \$15,000-Mr. and Mrs. Nathan J. Miller.

NINETEE: HAVE GIVEN \$10,000

Col. and Mrs. H. A. Guinzburg, Mr. and Mrs. D. M. Hyman, Kreeger Brothers, S. Lielswatz & Son, Arthur Lehman, Herbert Lehman, Mr. and Mrs. Carl M. Loch, Labell Brothers, Mr. and Mrs. A. E. Norman, A. F. Kothstein, H. B. Rubin, Lewis J. Selznick, Mr. and Mrs. Henry C. Siegel, Mr. and Mrs. Paul M. Warburg, J. Friedman & Co., Schwartz & Jaffee.

(This is the first hat. Additional look will appear from day to day.)

THE OBLIGATION—

It is the duty of every person in New York to give the utmost he can spare to relieve the greatest need the world has ever known.

Send Your Cherk To

Paul Baerwald, Treasurer 389 Fifth Ave.

GREATER NEW YORK NON-SECTARIAN FUND

OTTO A. ROSALSKY, Chairman

To Be Administered By

THE JOINT DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE
FELIX M. WARBURG, Chairman.

This advertisement is paid for by M. Lowenstein & Soms 40 West 23rd Street

"THE APPEAL— To Save Six Million Men and Women in Eastern Europe from Extermination by Hunger and Disease."

TO THE TEXTILE INDUSTRY

GREATER NEW YORK NON-SECTARIAN FUN

To be administered by the Joint Distribution Committee

or relief of Sufferers from Famine, Disease, Destitution IN THE WAR RIDDEN COUNTRIES

FELIX M. WARBURG; Chairman

TEXTITE DIVISION HEADQUARTERS

274-276 Church Street, New York City.

Six Million starving, fever-stricken sufferers in war-torn Europe appeal to us for he They are destitute of food, shelter, clothing, medicine—of everything on which life or

Their fate is in your hands!

You have the power to give them life!

Meen will too dr

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

LEON LOWENSTEIN, Chairman M. Lowenstein & Sons, Inc. JAMES McKENZIE,

San Francisco, Cal. JEAN MYRICK.

JACQUES C. NORDEMAN

R. E. REEVES,

CLINTON REMINGTON, C. V. Remington, Louis Lowinson & Co.

MAX SCHWARZ,
Max Schwarz, Inc.

GEOBGE SEIDMAN,
M. Heineman & Co.

BERNARD SEMEL.
T. W. SLOCUM,
Minot, Hooper & Co.

MEYER STERN,
Jacob S. Bernheimer.

JOSEPH L. STEINAN,
J. L. Steinan, Inc.

HARRY STRAUSS.

Wellington, Sears & Co.

SAM C. LAMPORT,
Lamport Mfrs. Supply Co.

1 consideration of relief to be given to the WORLD WAR SUFFERERS, to be administered by Lamport MITTEE. I hereby pledge the sum of Dollars (\$ )

GREATER NEW YORK NON-SECTARIAN FUND

274 Church Street, New York City

"Six Million starving, fever-stricken sufferers in war-torn Europe appeal to us for help."

"The fund for Jewish war sufferers in Central and Eastern Europe, where six millions face horrifying conditions of famine, disease and death,"

The New York Times, May 7, 1920.

No.103, August 1920

"PUSH DRIVE FOR JEWISH RELIEF ... Mr. Bond declared today that there are six million jews (sic) in eastern and central Europe whom the war has left dependent upon America."

Ogden Standard Examiner (UT), August 20, 1920, page 9.

"6,000,000 Polish Jews Are Starving … Six million Jews had been made homeless, starving, naked and plague-ridden by five years of foreign and domestic wars that swept Poland,"

The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, August 29, 1920, page 13.

BEGS AMERICA SAVE 6,000,000 IN RUSSIA

Massacre Threatens All Jews as Sóviet Power Wanes, Declares Kreinin, Coming Here for Aid.

Copyright, 1921, by The Chicago Tribune Co. BERLIN, July 19.—Russia's 6,000,000 Jews are facing extermination by massacre. As the famine is spreading, the counter-revolutionary movement is gaining and the Soviet's control is waning. This statement is borne out by offical documents presented to the Berlin Government, which show that numerous pogroms are raging in all parts of Russia and the Ukraine.

The information was gathered by Dr. Joseph Kreinin, a noted Jewish social worker and President of the Russian Joint Board of Jewish Societies. He says that several villages have been burned already and scores killed, seventy in one village alone. He is en route to America, where he plans meetings in New York, Chicago and elsewhere for the purpose of "saving his people."

According to Dr. Kreinin, mass flights from Russia have already begun, the Jews rushing to all borders and especially to Rumania, where there are 40,000 families camping along the frontier, hoping to find refuge. Among these, he says, at least 100 persons daily are dying from exposure and hunger.

Dr. Kreinin, who recently escaped from Moscow, says the pogroms are especially severe in the provinces of Homel, Minsk and Volhynia. The pogroms originated outside of Russia, in the Ukraine and White Russia.

He says in the Volga region a new sort of pogrom occurred, when Russian peasants attacked German' settlements because they were foreigners. He declares the recent transfer of General Budenny into White Russia was for the purpose of pacifying the region.

"My object in visiting Germany and the United States is to organize all relief organizations throughout the world, Jewish as well as others," he added. "The only hope for the millions of Jews is for American aid, both material and political

"I cannot expect much effect from any political steps, as the Soviets are losing control everywhere except in the cities. The massacres are occurring

"However, I hope the American Government will realize the danger of massacres is greater than at any time in history, and I hope they will help open the borders and lift restrictions on entering the United States."

The New Hork Times

Published: July 20, 1921 Copyright @ The New York Times

"BEGS AMERICA SAVE 6,000,000 IN RUSSIA Russia's 6,000,000 Jews are facing extermination by massacre." Dr. Joseph Kreinin

The New York Times, July 20, 1921.

"JEWISH WAR SUFFERERS … The Jews in the immediate district for which the aid of the war sufferers' campaign is to be given numbered over six million. … Over 300,000 orphans, over 150,000 desecrated women, over six million wandering Jews, walking, crawling in the misery, feeding on the bark of trees and on herbs that grow by the wayside."

The Lowell Sun (MA), March 22, 1922, page 14.

No.107, 1926

"While there remain in Russia and Rumania over six millions of Jews who are being systematically degraded,"

Encyclopaedia Britannica, 13th Edition, Vol. 1, 1926, page 145.

^" ... the extreme need of 6,000,000 Jews in Russia and Poland,"

"The principal speakers were Dr. Shmarya Levin, Rabbi Stephen S. Wise and Rabbi Gold. Dr. Levin, in the course of his talk, expressed the opinion that six million Jews of Eastern Europe are doomed to perish."

Jewish Telegraphic Agency, February 20, 1930.

http://archive.jta.org/article/1930/02/20/2782160/50-american-chalutzim-leave-for-palestine

Dr. Shmaryahu Levin (1867 - 1935).

Jewish Zionist activist in the Russian Empire, who emigrated to the U.S. soon after 1908.

(photo found in a 1967 edition of his autobiography Forward From Exile, published in Hebrew in the U.S.).

"SIX MILLION JEWS FACE STARVATION ... Six million Jews in Eastern Europe face starvation, and even worse, during the coming winter."

The Montreal Gazette, December 28, 1931, page 25.

One Man's Gift

By JACOB BILLIKOPF

Executive Director The Federation of Jewish Charities of Philadelphia

ULIUS ROSENWALD'S benefactions were many and varied-[see Julius Rosenwald—Fellow Citizen, by Graham Taylor, The Survey, February 1]. One of them has always seemed to me the most telling piece of philanthropic giving of which I have had knowledge.

This was his contribution of a million dollars to the American Jewish Relief Committee on March 4, 1917—the day President Wilson was reinaugurated. The fate of six million people in the shambles of the Eastern war-zone hung on his decision to give it. With his tithe of the total sum, American Jewry successfully raised the ten millions then needed for succor. More than that, his contribution raised the standards of wartime giving throughout the country. The American Red Cross, which had aimed to obtain \$10,000,000 throughout the country for its overseas and army campwork, shortly thereafter lifted its quota, under Henry, P. Davison's leadership, to \$100,000,000.

At the time, Mr. Rosenwald was in Washington, a member of the Council of National Defense, and his death prompts me to tell of the circumstances of the gift, as it was my privilege to be with him when he made it. I remember those circumstances very vividly not alone because of the cumulative significance of what he did, but of how he did it. Because also this was the first large money-raising campaign in which I had taken part; and on the way East Mr. Rosenwald himself had thrown cold water on my call from the American Jewish Relief Committee. "You are a social worker," he had said; "what have you got to do with fund collecting? It is a profession in itself." The committee consisted of the then leaders in American Jewry—Jacob H. Schiff, Louis Marshall, Felix M. Warburg, Henry Morgenthau, Herbert H. Lehman, Lee K. Frankel, Stephen S. Wise, Julian W. Mack, and others.

In Chicago he had frankly told me that had they taken him into their counsels, he would not have advised calling me; and here a fortnight later to my discomfiture, I was getting off the sleeper in Washington on my way to try the abilities which he thought were not in me, on him for a starter. Mr. Rosenwald was personally close to the President, this was the great day in official Washington, and heaven alone knew whether, for all his usual generous leanings, he would be in a mood to listen to my horror-mongering anent the Jews of Eastern Europe.

But Mr. Rosenwald, I had been told, was the only reliance of the Committee. If he failed us, all our plans would be headed for the rocks. That morning, I had his assurance that he would make time to see me late in the evening. My notes at the time tell of the suspense and uncertainty that filled my day until I was pacing the corridors of the Willard Hotel waiting for him to return from an official dinner. He stopped for his mail at the hotel desk, before some senators surrounded him. I touched his shoulder and whispered in his ear that I had something of importance to convey to him. He studied me calmly. "Is it very, very important?" he asked lightly, and before I could give him my emphatic reply he hade his friends goodnight and drew me off to a sofa in a corner of the lobby.

"Well, tell me about it," he said as soon as we had sat down. I glanced up at him and my entire harangue on which I had spent so much arduous toil and thought evaporated. I heard myself, to my own great surprise, telling him in the very simplest and most unadorned style that a campaign for ten million dollars was about to be launched; that it needed some powerful dramatic stimulus to start it off effectively and to end it successfully; that the committee had determined that nothing but a great single gift would serve and that he alone could make that gift. I dwelt hardly at all on the state of things abroad, merely indicating in a matter of fact way what he was well aware of, that the condition of the European Jews was growing increasingly worse, and that therefore a renewed effort on a much greater scale than had ever been tried must be initiated. He listened to me without comment while my appeal was gathering momentum. I had had hundreds of conversations with Mr. Rosenwald but I had never before asked him for contributions of any sort, and never before had I seen a face so transparent and serene and yet so profoundly thoughtful. We seemed both caught by a common great purpose. As I concluded with my specific request for a round million the earnestness of his expression deepened.

I nodded and was about to make a highly colored forecast of the results of such a contribution, when he added:

and tell them that I'll do it."

O one who has known Julius Rosenwald will find any cause for surprise in the manner in which by his outstanding generosity he paved the way for so much that followed. It was thoroughly in keeping with the modesty, the vision and the utter selflessness of the man. I have a very vivid picture in my mind of the complete absence in his manner of any thought of vain reward. His quick, unhesitating response had in it all the elements of an instinctive reaction. But his reward came nevertheless in the great incentive that he gave to his fellows throughout the country to follow his example; and that, for him as for any genuinely generous heart, was reward enough. Not alone the American Jewish Relief Committee but the country as a whole was soon to feel the impetus of his unparalleled act. The President of the United States at once estimated its importance and telegraphed to him in these words:

Your contribution of one million dollars to the Ten Million Dollar Fund for the Relief of Jewish War Sufferers serves democracy as well as humanity. The Russian Revolution has opened the door of freedom to an oppressed people but unless they are given life and strength and courage the opportunity of centuries will avail them little. It is to America that these starving millions look for aid and out of our prosperity, fruit of free institutions, should spring a vast and ennobling generosity. Your gift lays an obligation even while it furnishes an inspiration.

WOODROW WILSON

531

"This was his contribution of a million dollars to, the American Jewish Relief Committee on March 4, 1917—the day President Wilson was reinaugurated. The fate of six million people in the shambles of the Eastern war-zone hung on his decision to give it."

No.112, April 1932

RICARDO CORTEZ STAR OF NEW FANNIE HURST DRAMA

Gives Excellent Performance in "Symphony of Six Million"; Irene Dunne Has Feminine Lead; Lillyan Tashman Booked to Appear Sunday

By MARY BERGER

Ricardo Cortez has always given his best to his screen performances but to his work in "Symphony of Six Million" the motion picture industry should doff its hat.

Dr. Felix Klauber of Fanny Hurst's emotional tale of New York's Ghetto, Cortez grasps the colorful drama tha Miss Hurst tells and he not only plays the role in

"Symphony of Six Million" is every bit as sentimental as the name of its author would lead one to believe. But it isn't an offensive emotionalism. The characterizations are shaded with the delicate nuanceof action and the dramatic sequences are vibrant in effectiveness.

the mistaken belief that his family desires wealth gives up the dreams of his youth and becomes a famous surgeon, whose patients are in the mair women with imaginary ailments, but very materia bank accounts. The death of his father, which his "million-dollar hands" are unable to prevent, brings him to a realization of his duty to humanity.

The film brings a changed Cortez to audiences that have seen him during the past few years in villainous roles. He plays the part with a vast amount of sympathy and, indisputably, it is the best thing that he has done to date.

Able Players.

Irene Dunne, to whom high praise is at all times due because she is an actress who plays with artistry and feeling, has the feminine lead opposite Cortez.

Excellent judgment was also used in selecting the rest of the cast. Anna Appel, formerly of the Yiddish Art theater, plays Cortex mother; Gregory Ratoff, erstwhile star of the Moscow Art theater, is the most believable Jewish father and others of ability are Noe Madison as the brother and Lits Chevret as the sister.

The picture was directed with understanding and its very lack of artifice makes the production twice as forceful as it might otherwise have been. "Symphony in Six Million" is good, clean entertainment with a tremendous amount of human appeal, and as such is recommended for the family audience.

The personal appearance at the Capitol Sunday of Lillyan Tash man, one of the screen's most corful figures, is announced by the management. Miss Tashman, while private life is Mrs. Edmundows, will be here May 28.

Her appearance will be part of the regular Stanley stage show to be brought to the Capitol for the one day, and will bring to a close Sunday stage shows for the summer season, it is understood.

"Symphony of Six Million"

A film by PKO Pictures. Directed by Gregory La Cava, written by Fannie Hurst (story), J. Walter Ruben, Bernard Schubert (screenplay), starring Ricardo Cortez. Released April 1932.

No.114, September 1935

St night's last night's Last NOURN YOU BOURN YOU.

Daily Mirror

TO-DAY'S WEATHER

Pressure is high from the Farces to the Netherlands. Weather will be fair, except, perhaps, in West Ireland. London and the South.—Fair or fine. Average temperature. Light or moderate wind.

FURTHER OUTLOOK

Fair and somewhat warmer if Great Britain and probably in East Ireland

Sea Passages.—Slight. Airways.—Fair. Light-up.—8.28 p.m.

Romance of £500,000 Heiress

A N heiress to £500,000 married the proprietor of a London motor business

JEWS MEET IN LONDON

Six million Jews are represented at the first world conference of Polish Jews abroad, which opened at Woburn House, Euston, yesterday. Typical members are wearing characteristic caps. One London Rabbi walked out as a protest

Stormy Scenes at Meeting in London

JUMPING from his seat and protesting in Yiddish, a London Rabbi walked out of the hall at the opening yesterday of the first world conference of Polish Jews abroad.

He was Rabbi Shpetman, a well-known leader of the fewish community in East London.

The conference, in which delegates from ighteen countries are participating, is representative of 6,000,000 Polish Jews, who through heir various national federations have resolved to take united action in the preparation of a cheme to alleviate the 3,500,000 distressed Jews in Poland.

The conference is being held at Woburt House Euston

Followed Him Out

it was while Mr. Z. Heiber, non. secretary of the Pederation of Polish Jews in Great Britain, was detailing the motives of the conference, that Rabbi Shpetman walked out.

Thumping his stick on the floor, he protested that his request to the chairman to amounce publicly the reason why the Board of Deputies of British Jews was not officially represented at the conference had been refused.

The platform party appeared nonplussed at the Rabbi's outburst. The chairman eventually remonstrated with the Rabbi, who thereupon left the hall still protesting. Savera, other delegater followed:

Congress Defends Polish Jews.

Wireless to THE NEW YORK TIMES.

New York Times (1857-Current file); Sep 8, 1935;

ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2006)

Congress Defends Polish Jews.
Wireless to The New York Times.

LONDON, Sept. 7.—The preliminary session of the first world conference of the Federation of Polish Jews being attended by sixty delegates from eighteen countries representing 6,000,000 Jews was held in the East End of London tonight. Many delegates have traveled thousands of miles to attend the conference by which they seek to improve the conditions of 3,500,000 Jews in Poland.

A. Tarle, chairman of the federation in Britain, in welcoming the delegates, said many eminent British Jews had commended the purpose of the conference. The Daily Express (UK) September 9, 1935

Venerable Jew was one of large audience at world conference of Polish Jews Abroad which began in London yesterday. Conterence represents six million Polish Jews. It has resolved to take united action to alleviate the sufferings of 3,500,000 Jews in Poland. Good will messages were received from Archbishop of "The preliminary session of the first world conference of the Federation of Polish Jews being attended by sixty delegates from eighteen countries representing 6,000,000 Jews was held in the East End of London tonight."

The New York Times, September 8, 1935.

"Six million Jews are represented at the first world conference of Polish Jews abroad ... 6,000,000 Polish Jews."

The Daily Mirror (UK), September 9, 1935, page 1.

"…world conference of Polish Jews Abroad which began in London yesterday. Conference represents six million Polish Jews."

The Daily Express (UK), September 9, 1935.

No.115, August 1936

"Delegates of 32 Nations Represent six million Hebrews."

No.116, November 1936

"If one goes further afield, and takes the Jewries of Rumania, Latvia, Lithuania, Austria, one sees practically the same picture, and it is no exaggeration on my part to say that today almost six million Jews ... in that part of the world are doomed to be pent up in places where they are not wanted, and for whom the world is divided into places where they cannot live, and places into which they cannot enter. ... These six million people to whom I have referred are condemned to live from hand to mouth. They do not know today what is going to happen tomorrow ... it affects the fate of six million people."

Weizmann, Chaim. The Letters and Papers of Chaim Weizmann: Vol.II, December 1931-April 1952. NJ; Transaction Publishers. 1983. pp.102-3.

President of World Zionist Organisation, and the future first President of Israel, before the British "Peel Commission" on the future of British Mandate Palestine. November 25, 1936, Jerusalem.

"JEWISH RELIEF BOARD TO HEAR LEHMAN SUDAY Gathering to consider the crisis confronting 6,000,000 Jews in Central and Eastern Europe,"

New York Post, December 11, 1936, page 19.

Jews Should Be Thankful They Live in United States, Hadassah Leader Declares

Stating that "6,000,000 Jews in central Europe have neither life nor death because of extreme persecutions," Mrs. Emanuel Halpern of New York city, member of the national board of Hadassah urged those attending the first annual donors' dinner of the Fitchburg-Leominster Hadassah at Brooks' restaurant, last night, to "thank God that we are living in the United States where all peoples are free."

The dinner, first of its kind in this part of Worcester county, was marked by an announcement that the chapter had raised \$265 for contributions to a national fund which is used in the rehabilitation and resettlement of Palestine by Jewish people.

An impressive, convincing talker, Mrs. Halpern congratulated the chapter for the completion of a successful year, following her introduction by Miss Florence Chitoff, toastmistress, of this city.

"This is a joyous time for Hadas-

sad all over the country," he said, "for on Feb. 25, the 350 chapters celebrate the 25th anniversary of their work in the rehabilitation of Palestine.

Thankful To U. S.

"And we should be thankful we are living in the United States where our people are not subject to the persecutions that they are in other lands. President Roosevelt in his inaugural address four years ago spoke a word of vital meaning to all people of this land when he said he would never permit a law to be enacted which would force any citizen of the United States to become superfluous.

JEWS SHOULD BE THANKFUL

(Continued from Page Oue)

"This is one land which all Jew sh people can consider their home—a home of freedom and equality

'Today many nations are busy with a problem of caring for the a Jewish populations. The prime minister of Poland is one of the many officials in central European countries oppressing our people, a race that can trace its ancestry back more than 3000 years. It is difficult to understand the attitude of such men.

"Neither Life Nor Death"

"The treaty at Versailles granted freedom to minority groups yet Poland, Germany and Rumania have forgotten this clause. Today there are 6 000 000 million Jews in central Europe who have neither life non death."

Mrs Halpern told of the start of rehabilitation work in Palestine by Jewish people who desired to reestablish Palestine as their home land.

She explained the work of the Hadassah in this re-organization Originally their plan had been two-fold, first to develop a medical program in Palestine and secondly, to carry on a program of education among the Jewish people in the United States.

"Now as we near the close of a quarter of a century of work," she concluded, "we find that our efforts have not been in vain. The rebuilding has been a tremendous task, but we are making steady progress. During the past two years we have

been able to transport 1550 children between the ages of 15 and 17 from Germany to Palestine where they receive education and opportunity far beyond that offered in European countries.

Parents Suffer Hardships

"Aithough their emigration in many cases means the breaking up of families, yet the parents in Germany are willing to subject themselves to these hardships They know that if their children are brought up in Germany life holds no future

'Under the projects established by the Jewish National Fund, lands in Palestine have been bought and new settlements started. There has been a steady immigration to such an extent that houses cannot be built fast enough to care for all the families. Schools and universities have been established and work on the new and modern, Rotschild-Hadassah hospital has begun. A symphony orchestra has been formed by Jewish musicians who have fled from other countries where genius is not recognized among our people.

"It is a great work we are doing and we will do much more with your help and the help of other chapters during the next quarter of a century."

century.

Entertainment Giver

Previous to the speaker, Miss Eurice Rosen offered an invocation President Mrs. Harry Levine of Leominster praised the chapter for its work during the first year of its organization "We have had an excellent response to our requests for funds and our meetings have been well attended," she said, "but I know that during the next year we will progress much further"

Entertainment was provided by Rose Slobin Berlyn, vocalist and Mrs Aida Fiengold, accompanist, both of Worcester

ooth of Worcester

Mrs Benjamin Asher gave a reading A skit, "An Evening at Home," was presented by Cora Podonle, Ida Rafer and Irwin Levine.

"Stating that "6,000,000 Jews in central Europe have neither life nor death because of extreme persecution," Mrs Emanuel Halpern of New York city, member of the national board of Hadassah urged ... Today there are 6,000,000 million (sic) Jews in central Europe who have neither life nor death."

Dr. Stephen Wise in Fiery Defense of Jews

Gives Facts, Fictions in Lecture Here

Service in the highest degree is the loftiest aim of the Jew and he will forgive without reservation; don't make his way hard

Thus spoke Dr. Stephen S. Wise rabbl of the Free Synagogue of the City of New York, in a flery defense of the Jews in the first lecture of the annual Forum program of the Men's club of the Congregation Beth-El last night at the auditorium of Bulkeley school, before an audience of 500 persons.

A world leader in religious, educational and civic affairs, Dr Wusspoke in this city ten years ago, and in appreciation of his return here he was given a dinner just prior to the lecture. The dinner was at the Mohican hotel, and clergymen of several denominations were among the 50 quests

Dr. Wise spoke briefly at the dinner, and his subject for the lecture at Bulkeley school was Facts and Fictions About the Jews.

Welcome by Boyer

Attorney Max Boyer, president of the Men's club, remarking that the Forum season is the club's fourth, welcomed the guests,

Rabbi Samuel S. Ruderman of the Congregation Beth-El told of the history of the Men's club and the Forum series, saying the club had sought to bring men of eminence to this city and had succeeded. He asserted that general interest has been shown in the series. Rabbi Ruderman presented Attorney Morris Lubchansky, who, in turn, intreduced Dr. Wise.

"He is a leader, leacher and scholar," Atterney Lubchansky said, "A man of courage and sincerity, he deliberately seeks out the truth and boldly and reverently proclaims it to the whole world. To his ewn people, he is an aristocrad of the spirit, he is a patriot of peace to the whole world."

Lecture by Dr. Wise

Expressing pleasure at being in New London again, Dr. Wise spoke informally of several subjects before entering upon his lecture. He commended Rabbi Ruderman's service it this city, and said the dinner which had been held at the Mohlean hotel was really a tribute to the local rabbi. Dr. Wise identified himself as having been born on St. Patrick's day—"a great day." Starting his lecture, Dr. Wise said that the "facts about the Jews are obvious; the fictions are more subtle." He spoke first about the

One he said is "that the Jew is a wanderer upon the face of the earth, from land to land, clime to clime, continent to continent," and held that the tragic key to this belief that the Jew is forever foredoomed to be a homeless wanlerer is held in the New Testanent.

This he said grew out of the record that when Jesus was going to Calvary and sought to rest a n an unkind way and is reputed to have said:

"Thou shalt wander until I re

Saying that he was prepared to admit that there might have bee a person who would address unkind words to Jesus, Dr. Wise as serted, however that "I. a Jew cannot believe that moment is his

If I were a Christian as I am a Jew, I would refuse to believe that Jesus uttered a word that would justify the Jews wandering through centuries. He who said Forgrive them Father for they know not what they do, could not turn to one offender and say the words that would condemn a peo-

Six Million Jews Homeless

Dr. Wise said that there come to his study refugee Jews from Nazi Germany, Poland, Hungary and Roumania, but chiefly from Germany and Poland.

Among the German Jews, he said, are some whose families have been associated with German life for 1500 years, and from Poland are Jews whose ancestors lived in

"They come to me permiless and without citizenship. Today onethird of the Jews are on the march.

"No Jew with self respect car stay in a land from which he is told to get out. He cannot stay where the government makes life unendurable. The Jews are nothing more than the victims of an injustice to their fellow Jew

The fiction, As Rich as a Jew

"For centuries even to this day in not a few lands Jews are denied the right to be tenants of or cultivators of the land," Rabbi Wise said.

Then he disgressed a moment to picture Jews as good farmers, and told of "a miracle in Palestine," saying that from a handful of Jews in 1913, the Jewish population had grown to 425,000

"They have transformed the land as by a miracle," Dr. Wise said He pointed out that in 1913 the Jews had exported 1,000 cases of citrus fruits from Palestine and that this year the export had beer 7,500,000 cases.

Send Him to Palestine

Then pointing to Nathan E. Lubow, president of the Congregation Beth-El, Dr Wise said: "Send Rabbi Ruderman to Palestine for a visit." "I am going with him. Mr. Lubow replied

Returning to the Rich as a Jew classification, Dr. Wise said

"The Jews were denied access to the soil, because man digs himsell into the land. The Jews were left unrooted, or unanchored in the land. The Jews had to enter into

In the pre-industrial days, "before a town lived on the building of submarines or other instruments of friendly greeting. Jews went into other businesses, including money lending," Dr. Wise said.

The term Rich as a Jew, was coined in the Middle Ages, he declared. A Jew always had to have gold, silver and jewels. He never knew when a robber baron or earl

"'Jew, give me 500 ducats or I's pull your teeth oul.' The Jew al ways had to have that with which to buy off ill will. So the tillers of the soil seeing that the Jews di not labor as they said they mus

Saying that well dressed Jewisl women gave credence to a belie that Jews are rich, Dr. Wiss said "Jewish men have the bad habi of always wanting to see their wires dressed in their holida; best they like to see them at tractively decorated with jewels Even my wife has a \$5 set o pearls. But jewels worn in other days could be used to appears the greed of some hungry Christian beautiful.

Poverty in Poland

Dr. Wise said that it had beer said that, "Jows have all the money," and he listed the name of operators of large departmen stores in New York city. But, he said, the mortgages are ofttime bigger than the stocks. He de clared that Rockefeliers and Vanderbitts did not operate depart

Declaring that he had never known the hardship of poverty. Dr. Wise said, however, that he had looked upon it, and asserted that from three million to the and one-half million. Jews in Polead live on \$4 to \$8 monthly.

He said that in Poland he descended to a sub-cellar about at large as the stage in the auditor ium of Bulkeley school, and this had been divided into eight apart ments and that 52 men and women lived there.

"Whatever the world thinks about As Rich as a Jew we must keep our hearts open and be gen grous o relieve the suffering of our fellow Jews."

Jews Not Revengeful

The terms As Revengeful as a Jew or As Vindictive as a Jew are frequently heard, Rabbi Wiss said, but 'he statements are flettons, and the Jew is not revenge-

He said that Shvlock embodies the quality of so forebearance but that this is a fiction

It rises out of the crucifixion. If all the a pastices of history to hold the Jew throughout all history as responsible and punishable for what happened 1901 years ago is one of the most crucily unjust things in all the history of the human race."

day Jesus was crowned with pains and was treated as a sovereign spirit, but that something happened Granting that people turned against Him and the high priests condoned their acts, Dr. Wise said that he did not believe that Jesus, the instinct of human sympathy and compassion, could have said or done anything that justified the eternal punishment of the Jews. If He was the spirit of hate He ruight have condemned them, but then He could not have been Jesus, Dr. Wise declared.

"You know, Christians, why you think we are vindictive. You know how you treat us and think we are just like you. Thank Ged we are not If it is divine for people to forgive as it is, then my people

You Christians cannot belie in the light of what you have do that the Jews can be forgive

Presched in Many Churches

Dr. Wise said that his grandfather would not enter a Christian church but that he Dr. Wise had preached in thousands of Christian churches to millions of Christians over a period of 40 years.

"One thing the Jew is not and that is revengeful. Dr. Wise said. He told of Shakespeare's "pound of fissh" and said that in Shakespeare's time there was only one Jew in England. Shakespeare, he said, had a fleeting glimpse of Jews in Italy. They were colorful people in costumes which stood out and Shakespeare, impressed by their color, created his character Shylock without knowledge of the Jewish people.

The statement all Jews are Com-

"It is as sensible to say Frankin D. Roosevelt is a disguised Jew whose name is Rosenfeld. Scoundrels are saying that. Not that it is an insult to President Roosevelt But we can't claim him. We would if we could."

Dr Wise declared that Sinin is not a Jew and neither was Lenin.

"Trotsky, yes' That's why he is in Mexico."

He said there are many conservative Jews but that there is always the remnant of liberals and radicals.

Stating the Facts

that Jews are no more alike than Christians and should not be lumped for judgment Some are honest, some dishonest; some are generous, some are niggardly; some are polus, some are ungodly.

"You cannot take a race of 12 million people and judge it as a whole. Jews are Jews, just like Christians are Christians They are of infinite variety. The best of us are very good, the worst of us are lepoble."

Saying that humans run from nristocrats to the basest. Dr. Wise and that Jews could be found from Sing Sing prison to high places, and pointed to Justice Brandels of the supreme court as one of the noblest suries on earth.

"Don't make the way hard for the Jew. The Jew has vision. Service to the highest degree is high loftiest aim. To err is but human but the Jew forgives without

"What opportunities the Chritians have given us to exercisforebearance, but do as they will they can never make us unforc-

Discussion Period

A period of discussion followed

Dr. Wise was questioned as to italy's treatment of Jews and said that up to this time the Jews in Italy have fared well but that there is alway: fear from undemo

Concerning a question regarding Poland, he declared that Jews in universities had been relegated to ghetin bencher but that the Jews lab students declined, preferring to stand in classes He agreed that some Christian professors had refused to enforce the ghetin bench ruling, and that some stood when conducting classes

Asked for a remedy for the "sickness of the Jewa" Dr. Wise said.

"If a Christian world would berome Christianized and we Jews would be Jews there would be no more trouble"

He spoke in defense of Jews of German; and said that statement that Jews were responsible for the World war and for a peace which Germans called ignoble were false

Guests at Dinner

Among the invited guests at the linner preceding the lecture were: Mr. and Mrs Allan D. Celvin, the Rev Clark V Poling, Alfred Ligourie, the Rev. F. Raymond J. Callaghan, Mrs. James W. Morisson the Rev and Mrs. J. Allen, the Rev Fr. William F. Allen, the Rev. and Mrs. Oliver W. Bell. Theodore Bodenwein, Judge Mired Cott. Miss Gertrude Cott. he Rev Percy W. Bach of Stongton, the Rev. Byen U. Hatfield f. West Mystic, the Rev Louis J. Shepler of Mystic, Prof Bessia B. Wessel, Mrs. Rasennary O. Anderena and Mr. and Mrs. Safnuel M. Prentis.

Committee for Series

The committee in charge of the brum series is Attorney Max M Mark and George Lubow.

In charge of the reception wer Nathan E Lubow, chairman, Rab' Samuel S Ruderman, Attorne Max Hoyer, Attorney Morris Luchansky, Mrs. Joseph Schwartand Attorney Sokari.

In charge of the lecture wer Attorney Anton E Elfenbelchalrman Arthur Schwartz, Di Herman Weisler, Attorney Lou Sokol Attorney Louis Wool an Attorney Abraham Lubchanaky.

"Six Million Jews Homeless ... Six million Jews are homeless"

The Day (New London, CT), December 17, 1937, page 17 Second Section

This article was about a Zionist meeting of the Beth-El Congregation, at Bulkeley School in Connecticut. It was again Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, who was responsible for numbers one and thirteen in our list, who made the claim at this meeting that "Six million lews are homeless."

No.120, January 1938

"PERSECUTED JEWS SEEN ON INCREASE ... 6,000,000 VICTIMS NOTED"

The New York Times, January 9, 1938.

No.121, January 1938

"Unification of the three major American Jewish organizations engaged in the task of aiding 6,000,000 Jewish victims in Central and Eastern Europe of political persecution and economic distress was announced yesterday."

The New York Times, January 13, 1938.

"Dr. Joseph Dunner, exiled German sociologist and novelist, declared there were six million victims of government anti-semitism and persecution in Germany, Poland, Rumania, and elsewhere in Europe."

Idaho Evening News, January 25, 1938, page 3 second section.

Article also appeared in: The Ogden Standard-Examiner (UT), January 25, 1938, page 1 section B.

"George Backer, vice-chairman of the Joint Distribution Committee, said today at the fifteenth triennial convention of the National Council of Jewish Women. … "the soul of the Jew is on a rack of hatred more powerful and shattering than Torquemada's," Mr. Backer urged the convention to "take the lead in this gigantic struggle for human survival." "In lacerated Europe," he said, "six million Jews are in agony." "

The Jewish Telegraphic Agency, January 26, 1938.

JEWISH TEACHERS CHIDED BY ISAACS
New York Times (1857-Current file): Feb 23, 1938;
ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2006)

JEWISH TEACHERS CHIDED BY ISAACS

Borough Head Tells Sectarian Group He Sees No Reason for Its Existence

JASON DISPUTES HIS VIEW

Association of 3,000 Defended at Luncheon—Civic Duty in School Work Is Urged

After warning that he would be "tactless" in his remarks, Stanley M. Isaacs, Borough President of Manhattan, told 1,750 teachers attending the eleventh anniversary luncheon of the Jewish Teachers Association at the Hotel Commodore yesterday that he could see no reason for the existence of their organization

"While it is very important that the teachers organize as you have done, I must say that I regret that the Jewish teachers, or Catholic or Protestant teachers, should have separate organizations," he declared. "I hope it will not be long before the separate groups will com-

Taking issue with Mr. Isaacs, Simon J. Jason, president of the Jewish Teachers Association, pointed out that this body, now grown to more than 3,000 members, exists to "improve the moral, social and religious training of the children."

"The Catholic and Protestant teachers' associations have equally high and noble motives," Mr. Jason said. "We are not concerned with politics. No one of these three groups expects to use the influence of its association other than for the good of the community."

Civic Responsibility Urged

Schools should develop into the community centers of the city, catering to the needs of adults as well as of children, Mr. Isaacs declared. He urged that "adequate recreational facilities" be established near each school and that the teachers take an important part in improving the conditions in each neighborhood.

"I feel that from the Jewish point of view we are not a separate people, but that we each owe a duty to the community to do our job as ably and effectively as we know

Teachers would be more "useful" in community affairs if they did more than merely represent their own profession, Mr. Isaacs contended

"You know at first hand the actual living conditions better than any other group of public officials," he said. "I am sure that when the children come before you and you find some ill-clothed and ill-nour-ished, condemned to live in shabby tenements that are a disgrace to the city, you want to help improve conditions."

"I want to see the school much more the center of communal activities than it has been in the past. I think the facilities furnished the children should be extended to include the adults as well."

"Jewish Tragedy" Pictured

A depressing picture of 6,000,000 Jews in Central Europe deprived of protection or economic opportunities, slowly dying of starvation, all hope gone, was presented to the teachers by Jacob Tarshis, known to his radio audience as The Lamplighter. Mr. Tarshis represented the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee.

The "Jewish tragedy" started when Hitler came into power in 1933, Mr. Tarshis declared. Now anti-Semitism has spread to thirteen European nations, and threatens the very existence of millions

"The Jewish people are facing the greatest tragedy of history, not excepting the darkest years of the Middle Ages," he continued. "There is no future for the Jews in Germany, in Poland or in Rumania. They are being strangled to the point of starvation. These people are being reduced to the untouchable state."

Since 1914 the Joint Distribution Committee has spent \$100,000,000 to aid Jews in Europe, according to Mr. Tarshis. Through this organization, hundreds of thousands of Jews in Central Europe are kept

"The Jews have but two ways to turn," he said. "One is toward Palestine and the other toward this committee."

Governor Lehman sent a letter expressing regret at his inability to attend.

"A depressing picture of 6,000,000 Jews in Central Europe deprived of protectior or economic opportunities, slowly dying of starvation, all hope gone ... Now anti-Semitism has spread to thirteen European nations, and threatens the very existence of millions of Jews."

The New York Times, February 23, 1938.

April 1, 1938

THE JEWISH CRITERION

Twenty-seven

Approach to Foyer of Repose Suites

NEW RALPH SCHUGAR FUNERAL HOME and CHAPEL

5509 CENTRE AVENU

Between Negley Avenue and Graham Street

Mayflower 8282

Hadassah Donor Group Hears Two Noted Speakers

(Continued from page 14)

I shall not comment upon the first except to remind you that six million Jeve\nin Europe are struggling between life
and death. True, their lives have been
spared, but their means of livelihood has
been taken away. They are dependent\nupon our charity, our mercy, our compassion, for their subsistence, and it
hope that history will say or us that no
one Jewish life was lost that could have
been sayed.

The problem of revival means the birth of new faith, new hope and inspiration, and it means the finding of new havens of refuge for these desperate people. And whatever happens, these refugees must not be made to feel that they are beggars at our gates, but rather that they are the bearers of other cultures, gift-bearers to the nations of the world.

I guess that I must admit that the situation is even worse now than it wa in Spain in 1492, for then just at the time of the Inquisition, Columbus discovered America, and the Jewish people could hope, could feel that the wor of the Lord, "Get thee out unto the land which I will show unto thee," have been fulfilled. But now, as Chaim Welz mann says, the Jews can not live is one half of the world, and they canno taler the other.

The Jewish sages have likened the history of our people to the sun's cycle. When the sun of Jewish destiny has set in one place, it has always rises shalning with hope, in another land. And I have faith in America, Dr. Gordon Averred, "Rilterism may come to America, but America will never come to Hitlerism!" I have faith in other lands, too, especially in Palestine, the door

On my way to Palestine recently, read a book that everyone who is going to Palestine should read, Mark Twain' "Innocents Abroad." Twain says in his book that Palestine has not changed since the time of Jesus. In his day he found it filthy and diseased. Now it has become a center of cleanliness health, and vitality. The achievement of this has been the work of Hadassah Your work began with sanitation and health. You have opened the eyes of the bill of in Palestine, not only of Jew but of Arabs as well. You have truly tulpused.

people," and not only of our people

The second phase of your work is with the Jowish Medical Center. This center will help the German-Jewish physicians, who cooperated whole-heartedly and selflessly with the German doctors, making great contributions to the development of medicine. I have met hundreds of German-Jewish physicians in London, Paris, Switzerland broken in mind and in body. They need physical and mental rejuvenation. But let us be honest — even Palestine cannot care for them all. The Jewish that the contract of the second care for them all.

When I was in Palestine, said Dr. Gordon, telling an interesting anecdote, I was undecided whether or not to go and see the Mosque of Omar. I happened to meet Henrietta Szold and I asked her whether it was worth seeing. Miss Szold meditated a moment, then said, "By all means, see the Mosque of Omar, but see as far as you can." When I went to the Mosque of Omar and saw its magnificence, I very nearly became envious, until I remembered Miss Szold's advice. I looked out into space and away in the distance I saw the Hebrew University, rising inspiringly on Mount Scopus, the very hill where the Romans had stood to throw burning torches on the Temple of Solomon in their ancient conquest of Patestine. I knew then what Henrietta Szold meant. And this same Hebrew University Albert Einstein dedicated to the university of spirit, to be a house of progress to all pends.

The Youth Aliyah Movement is the third phase of your work, and it, too, belongs to the Hadassah motto, for it is a tremendous contribution in psychic healing. A newly-arisen Nazi demagogue says in a German paper that the Aryans should not openly attack Jewish children for that would bring unfavorable criticism, but should draw them on subtly with insults and taunts until they rebel, and then swoop down upon them. There is only one-word that can be applied to these persecutions—sadism. German-Jewish parents, following the old advice of Disraell, neither explain nor complain. But the marks that this treatment leaves on the children's spirit are deep. Palestine is the saving center of Jewish youth. They are not refugees there, but planners now settlements on the coll planners.

I do not want to give the impression that everything there is perfectly smooth. They have problems there, just as we have, but there is a great difference between having a problem and being one. The highest cultural achievement in Palestine is Tocanini's Symphony Orchestra. Some day, we hope, all Palestine will unite in a political and social symphony of harmony. Then Jewish and Arabian children will play together as equals and comrades.

There is one more problem in Pal-\nestine, the problem of partition. We
ma have to accept partition, but, con
fessed Dr. Gordon, I am not inspired or
fessed Dr. Gordon, I am not inspired or\nenthusiastic about it. There can be ne
Judah without Judea, no Zionism with
out Zion. But at least we know tha
Zionism is older than the last century\nis thousands of years old, and will g;
on. They can change the boundaries of
the country, but they cannot chang
the spirit that is behind the movement
For Zion is not a haven. It is a home
And so, said Dr. Gordon in a conclusive plea, I ask that England and th
League of Nations keep the doors of
Palestine open!

During the program, Edith Cant Lazear offered vocal selections. S was accompanied by Mrs. A. Leona Balter.

Obituaries Charles Biron

On Monday, March 28, Charles Biron beloved husband of Ada Biron and father of Betty and Arnold Biron, passe ther of Betty and Arnold Biron, passe way in his 52nd year. Funeral services were held from the Ralph Schugas Chapel on March 30, with intermen in Beth Shalom Cemetery. He is also survived by his father, Samuel Biros of Washington, D. C.; two sisters, Mrs. J. Canter, Yonkers, N. Y.; Mrs. J. Kleinman, Washington, D. C., and fivbrothers Jacob, David, Max, Louis an Mitchell, all of Washinston, D. C.

Lena Pratt

Lena Pratt of 734 Lorenz Avenue passed away March 28, at the age of 50. She is survived by her husband, Andrew; her sons, Sam, Paul and Ben; her daughters, Freda and Mary Pratt; her brothers, Morris and Bill Sarkoff; her sisters, Pearl Pratt Eva Joseph, Anna Garson, Bessie Loventhal, Edith Mervis. Funeral services were held on Tuesday, March 29, with interment in Beth Jacob Cemetery. Rabbi Ashinsky officiated.

Jacob Neiberg

Jacob Nelberg of \$6 Roberts Street passed away on Friday, March 25. He was the husband of the late Esther Nelberg, and is survived by his children, Rebecca Mallinger, Anne Weiss, Jennie Leizman, Hyman and Max Neiberg. Funeral services were held on March 27 with interment in Kneseth Israel Cemetery.

Stehel R. Landay

Mrs. Ethel R. Landay of \$405 Arlington Street, Philadelphia passed away on Friday, March 25, at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York City.

Surviving are five sons, Nathan P. and Dr. Louis H. of Pittsburgh, Saul of Tarentum, Pa., Sam and James Paul of Philadelphia; one daughter, Gertrude Siegle of Washington, D. C., and three grandchildren.

Funeral services were held Sunday afternoon from Blank's Chapel with interment following in Washington, Pa.

Pearl Weiner Levine

Mrs. Pearl Weiner Levine, aged 40, of Cleveland, O. formerly of Pittsburgh beloved wife of Philip A. Levine, passed away Wednesday, March 23.

Besides her husband she is survived by two sons, Saul and Irving, and a daughter, Ruth; her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Weiner; three sisters and two brothers, Mrs. M. Raizman, Mrs. L. R. Michaels and Mr. Jack N. Weiner of Pittsburgh, Mrs. N. Kaufman of Cleveland and Mrs. H. T. Weiner of Ambridge.

Funeral services were held Thursday afternoon, March 24, at the Ralph Schugar Chapel, with Rabbi Goodman Rose and Rabbi Adolph Levin officiating. Burial was in the Beth Shalom Cemetery.

Acknowledgments

The family of the late Morris Rosen wish to thank their friends for the kindness shown in their recent bereavement.

The family of the late Mrs. Bessie Olitsky wish to express their appreciation for the kindness shown them in their recent bereavement.

"I shall not comment upon the first except to remind you that six million Jews in Europe are struggling between life and death."

"Six million Jews at this moment are trapped like rats in lands where democracy, freedom, and human decency are not understood."

The Guardian, April 4, 1938, page 11.

Professor Selig Brodetsky was then the president Board of Deputies of British Jews.

NATION IS WARNED OF ANTI-SEMITISM
New York Times (1857-Current file); May 2, 1938;
ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2006)
18.

NATION IS WARNED OF ANTI-SEMITISM

Dr. Hoffmann Is Fearful That Persecutions Abroad May Spread to This Country

SEES INTOLERANCE RISING

Calls Upon Church to Meet 'Challenge' of Prejudice Here With Aggressive Action

The rising tide of anti-Semitism in Europe today, which has deprived more than 6,000,000 Jews and non-Aryans of a birthright, may some day sweep across the United States if Christian America does not aggressively challenge the menace, the Rev. Dr. Conrad Hoffmann Jr. declared yesterday morning. Dr. Hoffmann, assistant secretary of the Board of National Missions of the Presbyterian Church of the U. S. A., was guest preacher at the Adams Memorial Presbyterian Church, 207 East Thirtieth Street.

"We have no right to protest against the Nazi persecution of Jews in Germany and Austria when here in our own country among the clergy and laity there is increasing prejudice against the Jews," he said. "Recently when the Administration approved of a plan to offer a haven for Jewish refugees, I heard men of my own Christian faith violently oppose the plan on the grounds that we already had enough Jews in this country.

"Germany would like to be rid of her half million Jews, but she cannot, because no other country will take them. She cannot murder them in cold blood, but she can methodically deprive them of their only means of living, and thus slowly but surely starve them to death. That is what Hitler has been doing to Jews and non-Aryans in Germany and what he is already instituting in Austria"

Saying that the general run of German people were not any more anti-Semitic than the average American, Dr. Hoffmann described them as "being spoon-fed with propaganda against the Jews." The revolution and the post-war sufferings and bitter disillusionment of the Germans were largely caused by the unfair terms of the Versailles treaty, he said. Hopelessly embittered, they grasped at a straw, much like any drowning man, and that straw was Adolf Hitler.

"Americans scoff at the possibility of anti-Semitism sweeping this country," he said. "But let us remember that fundamentally the only difference between a lynching in the United States and a pogrom in Poland is that in the former instance it is usually a Negro who is persecuted and in the latter a Jew. Christian love is the only manner in which the problem of the Jew will be rolved in the world today."

"The rising tide of anti-Semitism in Europe today, which has deprived more than 6,000,000 Jews and non-Aryans of a birthright,"

Page 13

JUNE, 1938

The essence of my report is that behind the stentorian demands of Hitler, the dramatically successful foreign ventures, the flag waving and the shouting, lies the ugly reality of widespread discontent in Germany. The people for the most part are deeply, grimly unhappy. But they are not ready or able to do anything about it. This offers little cheer to Jews and other lovers of some comfort in the evidence that dictatorship does not promote the welfare of a nation. Not only does it destroy freedom, crush individuality, prostitute patriotism, but it also impoverishes a people, leaves them friendless in a hostile world and robs them of peace and happiness. The word used to describe the blackout for the air raids is symbolic of what has happened in Germany— Verdunklung. I hope with all my heart that the German people will soon again see the light.

The Jews of Central Europe

by Jacob Lestshinsky

EVERY NATION is morally compelled to face the bitter truth. This article is written not with the intent of bewailing our plight but in order to arrive at a factual calculation of the status of six million Jews in Central and Eastern Europe and of the prospects that exist in the lands of immigration.

We will begin our reckoning with those countries in which the Jews had reached the peak of their development and where they now tumble at break-neck speed into a bottomless abyss. Over half a million Jews of central Europe are now in the grip of a ruthless inquisition; 300,000 in Germany and 200,000 in Austria. The liquidation of Jewish commercial concerns in Germany is now proceeding at a more rapid pace than it did even during the most difficult months of 1934 and 1935. At that time the Jewish as well as the world press was full of reports concerning the shameless robberies perpetrated by the "saviors" of the German nation. Now the process of pauperization has become a chronic ailment. Everyone, with practically no exceptions, is preparing for flight. As recently as one year ago German Jewish leaders were seriously considering the establishment of homes for the aged to house 250,000 Jews. According to their calculations about 100,000 of the younger and more adaptable Jews would leave the country in the next five years and only the old and those no longer fit for work would remain. They then believed that the old the decrepit and the widows would be allowed to end their days in the exile of Hitler land. But now they too have changed their minds. They now realize that the departure of the younger ones increases the terror of the old people at the prospect of remaining in the hell which Germany has become for them and that these too are read to grasp the wanderer's staff in order to escap the fate of remaining alone in Germany.

Thus proceeds the liquidation of a section of Jewry which for 150 years has enriched the Jewish people and the whole world with hundreds of scholars and scientists. The 150,000 German Jews who have scattered throughout the world are spiritually crushed and will not soon recover. The 40,000 Jews who have settled in Palestine will probably enrich the Jewish community there; but the 110,000 others who fled to various lands are merely looking for a place of refuge where they can hide without attracting attention. Only one hope fills the heart of the German Jewish refugee who has found a domicile—to find room for those dear to him who still remain in Germany.

Such is the end of German Jewry which was the richest and most prosperous from an economic as well as from a spiritual viewpoint.

But the debacle of German Jewry is as nothing when compared to the calamity which has overtaken the Jews of Austria. The measure of destruction which was achieved in Germany in two years has been accomplished in Austria in two weeks. In proportion to the population there were more Jewish shops pillaged in Austria in two weeks than there were in Germany in two years. More Jewish doctors, dentists, lawyers, engineers and architects were expelled from their positions in Austria in one month than were affected in Germany in three years. The number of Jewish officials in Austria was negligible and altogether they numbered no more than 156 in government and maniferations.

Austrian Jewry suffered from a severe economic dislocation even before the annexation of the country by Hitler. Sixty thousand out of Vienna's 170,000 Jews—over one third—were dependent on relief. Among the needy who appealed for aid there were Jews who only a few years before themselves contributed considerable sums to the Jewish charitable institutions. Even before Hitler seized Austria the majority of the Jewish lawyers were unemployed and the number of Jewish bank employees decreased from 10,000 to 1,200

"EVERY NATION is morally compelled to face the bitter truth. This article is written not with the intent of bewailing our plight but in order to arrive at a factual calculation of the status of six million Jews in Central and Eastern Europe and of the prospects that exist in the lands of immigration."

The Jews of Central Europe by Jacob Lestshinsky, in Jewish Frontier, Vol. 5, No.6, June 1938, page 13

13

"It is estimated that nearly six million Jews have been driven from their homes by ruthless oppressors and stripped not only of their property but their right to work for a living."

The Port Arthur News (TX), June 9, 1938, page 1.

Zionist Aide Stresses Need Of Freeing Jews in Europe

Judge Sees Hope for Persecuted of Race In Palestine Move

Less emphasis on agitation for a Jewish State in Palestine and more on the problem "of taking as many Jews as possible out of the hell of Europe," was urged last night by Judge William M. Lewis, Philadelphia, vicepresident of the Zion-int (heracitation of America.

"We cannot afford to quarrel," the Philadelphia Domastic Relations Court jurist told the Rochesten Zionist Organization at a meeting in the JYM&WA. He referred to the tendency of some nationalist extremists to quarrel with Great Britain in its handling of the Jewish-Arab problem.

Speaking in support of the movement to alleviate the plight of oppressed Jews in Eastern Europa, Judge Lewis urged American members of the race to swing moral and financial powers into the channels of avacuating some 6,000,000 lews to Painting.

Sees Eventual Solution

Resettlement of European Jews in their fromer homeland presents the most hopeful possible solution, Judge Lewis said. Once settled in Palcatine, European refugees will be "domiciled, not exited," and eventually, he suggested, Arab-Jewish differences would be settled, possibly in the way America from time to time purchased additional lands to the west of the 13 original colonies as the country expanded.

The Italian-British Mediterranean past already has eased the Arab situation, for Italian propagandists were attring Arabs to action against Great Britain, Judge Lewis

As was the case of 'American pioneers, said Judge Lewis, gravely, 'sacrifices must be made... when people talk in terms of a Jewish state I'm not interested for the moment... My thoughts are in the direction of the more immediate necessity—taking as many suffering Jews as possible out of the hell of Europe, even if it means sacrifices for the present."

While anti-Semitic aentiment is at white-heat in Eastern Europe, and a spreading through Central and South American countries.

JUDGE WILLIAM M. LEWIS

Judga Lewis said he was not "In the 'cast perturbed over the possibility of any similar movement in the United States."

Cites American Traditions

Pointing to America's traditions, he said: "The United States is too healthy to permit growth of an insidious hatred of a people and a race. For, after all, America is a corporate entity of a great many races."

Few Jews reside in South Americs, the Philadelphian said, expressing a wish, however, that this country had joined closer business and cultural interests with South American nations to forestall European financial and ideological domination.

Jewry considers Europe its major problem, Judge Lewis added. Although the German situation has been dramatized to a greater extent, the plight of Jews in Pound is the more desperate, he said.

Herman Sarachan, membership sec. elary of the JYMA, presided. Announcement was made that elections to name five delegates to the American Jewish Congress will be held Sunday, with polls at the JYMA Associated Hebrew Charitles, Field Street Synagogue, Congregation, Beth El and Beth Joseph Center. Twenty candidates have been nominated.

"Judge Lewis urged American members of the race to swing moral and financial powers into the channels of evacuating some 6,000,000 Jews to Palestine."

"Mass emigration of Jews to Palestine for two years and the formation of a Jewish national assembly was advocated by Sir John Haslam, M.P., in a message which he sent to a public meeting at the Kingsway Hall last night held by the New Zionist Organization. The message stated that the problem now involved some 6,000,000 Jews."

"The dramatic true story of today's most important unsolved problem; its characters—the tragic army of 6,000,000 refugee people lost in a world of war and hatred. See … how in Palestine 200,000 refugee Jews have built a new "Land of Promise." "

The Wisconsin State Journal, December 30, 1938, p.9.

This is part of an advert for The Capitol theatre in Madison, Wisconsin. Which mainly features the 1938 film Going Places (starring Ronald Regan). The "pictorial document" The Refugee must have been a Zionist propaganda film shown before the main feature.

MASARYK TO WORK FOR ZIONIST CAUSE Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES. New York Times (1837-Current file): Jun 15, 1939; ProQuest Historical Newspapers The New York Times (1851 - 2006)

MASARYK TO WORK FOR ZIONIST CAUSE

Ex-Czech Envoy, Speaking at Washington Conference, Cites Need for Homeland

'RANSOM' PLAN DENOUNCED

Rabbi Silver Assails Proposal for Settlements in Africa and in South America

Special to THE NEW YORK TIMES.
WASHINGTON, Jan. 14.—Jan
Masaryk, former Czech Minister to
London, came back today to Wash-\nington, where he entered diplomacy
twenty years ago, and broadcast
that he came "to speak for the
Jews and to work for them," especially as regards Palestine.

He spoke under the auspices of the National Conference for Palestine, which opened a two-day session tonight at the Mayflower with 1,500 Jewish delegates from fortyfour States assembled to study the plight of Jews in Germany and to plan how American Jews could best help these and other oppressed Jews to settle in Palestine Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver of Cleveland, National Chairman of the United Palestine Appeal, dismissed as a "cruel deception" the proposals for settling Jews in Africa and South America. He was supported by other speakers in holding that Palestine alone is prepared to receive large numbers of refugees. Palestine could take 100,000 in a year if the British would only let them in, Rabbi Silver said.

He and Rabbi Stephen S. Wise of New York, chairman of the executive committee of the appeal, who joined him in a symposium that was also broadcast over the Columbia system, both denounced the German plan for permitting Jews to leave as a "ransom" scheme, and said American Jewry would have nothing to do with it

To Rabbi Silver this was "a blanket invitation to other countries with anti-Semitic leanings to mulct the Jews," and to Rabbi Wise it was a plan to send Jews from Germany as "pauperized salesmen of German-made goods," which the civilized world should prevent.

Mr. Masaryk, the chief speaker, said that to compare "the treatment allotted to our Germans by my father with the treatment which Henlein and Company are dishing out to the Jews and anti-totalitarian citizens of Sudetenland—it is as heaven compared to hell."

He emphasized he had come to champion the Jewish cause, and

"There are nearly 10,000,000 of my people—together—facing suffering and depredation, but they, being united together, can endure and survive it and come out victorious in the end. But the Jews, scattered all over the world—what chance have they to fight off the

hatred and oppression which has driven them from their homes and dumped them on the highways of the world? The Jews are a small minority everywhere. And without tolerance and decent treatment of minorities, democracy cannot survive. There is no exception!

"When this last super-pogrom broke out in the land of Goethe, Heine, Bach and Handel, I realized that my place was with the Jewish brethren, and that the suffering of my people has made my cause your cause and your cause my cause. And here I am!"

Rabbi Silver wanted assistance to Jewish emigration safeguarded so that European governments would realize that "it is impossible to

"The overwhelmingly large number of Jews in Eastern and Central Europe will have to remain exactly where they are and their problem must ultimately be solved along with the entire minority problem of Europe." he said

Dr. Chaim Weizmann, president of the Jewish Agency for Palestine sent from London a message in

"All our energies must be mobilized for the strengthening of our position. We need land. We need money. We need supplies. And above all, we need men. That is why immigration now more than ever is the prime essential not only for the salvation of the persecuted but also for the maintenance of our position in Palestine."

"Rabbi Silver wanted assistance to Jewish emigration safeguarded so that European governments would realize that "it is impossible to evacuate 6,000,000 lews."

The New York Times January 15, 1939

"IRISH PLEA — Deputy Robert Briscoe, only Jewish member of the Irish Parliament, arrives in New York city to begin a campaign to enlist Americans in a plan for resettling approximately 6,000,000 Jews in Palestine."

The Binghampton Press (NY), January 18, 1939, page 8.

"By the term refugees I do not only mean the 700,000 Jews in Austria-Germany, but also the million in Hungary, 600,000 in Rumania, three and a quarter million in Poland and the hundreds of thousands in other European countries. All in all close to six million human beings, and this does not include the two million Jews in Russia where most of them live under the same conditions, in the same kind of inhuman hell, as do their brethren in Germany."

The Daily Mail (Hagerstown, MD), January 25, 1939, page 3.

Rabbi Baruch E. Rabinowich of the Congregation of the Sons of Abraham, speaking at Hagerstown Lions Club in Maryland.

SIX MILLION JEWS HAVE ALREADY BEEN KILLED BY HITLER!

DAILY SENTINEL, ROME, N. Y., TUESDAY EVENING, JANUARY 31, 1989

Perez Answers Mr. X, Urges Lifting Emba

Rome. Jan. 31 — The Mr. X whose opinions against Loyalist Spain appeared in your columns makes a pretense of keeping his name a secret in order to give the impression that he would be harmed if he gave his name.

As a matter of fact since there are only three Spaniards in Rome who came from the Aragon Province, and since only one of them visited Spain in 1928, as Mr. X says that he did, and since only one of them claims to speak French as Mr. X says that he does, it is perfectly clear to every Spanish citizen in Rome just who Mr. X really is. However, we supporters of the Loyalist Government in America do not intend to harm such a person as Mr. X as he would lead you to believe. As a matter of fact we have known right along just where he stood.

Mr. X tells us that he is not a Nazi or a Fascist, although he is against the legal government of Spain. Let me remind your readers that the Spanish people in February 1936, elected their government in a democratic election which Franco and his followers never claimed was otherwise until after Franco rebelled in July 1936. The present government was elected by an overwhelming majority. The constitution was deliberately imitated from the American Government, and was actually a little less "radical" than the American form.

Nobody claimed the government was "Red" until Hitler and Mussolini made this an excuse for a war of invasion against the peaceful country of Spain. Hitler always has and always will claim that any country he wants to grab is Red. Czechoslovakia was called "Red" when Hitler attacked, Austria was "Red", the Saar was

threatened by the "Reds", China was "Red". It was only in Ethiopia where they couldn't find any "Reds" and had to go to war without that excuse.

Hitler, at Nuremberg, called the American government "Bolshevik", which surely should be a warning to Americans that if Hitler gains control of the important islands off the coast of Spain, we will see Nazi battleships cruising the coast of South America.

Since Hitler has already declared that the United States is "Bolshevik" and since that is all the excuse he ever needed to attack, let us suppose that he did. Then I am sure that every decent American would consider a man who refused to defend his country either a coward or a Nazi agent.

The people of Spain, because they know that they are defending world democracy, have fought of the well armed professional soldiers of Mussolini and Hitler, to gether with the Moors and the few Spaniards with Franco for two and a half years. This they have done without sufficient guns or ammunition and without a well trained army. And we know that it cannot be only the 'Reds', it there are any, who have put up this heroic fight for their country.

Does Mr. X really believe that if Hitler gains control of Spain with the help of Franco, that life in Spain will be any different than it is today in Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia where 6,000.000 Jews have been murdered, where Catholic priests are assaulted and jailed and their churches closed because they dare to preach the Christian doctrine of peace, where scientists and writers have been exiled and their books burned, and the rule of violence and murder has replaced every civilized law of life?

Of all the countries of the world, we have picked out the one country of Spain to refuse to sell arms to. We have done this in the name of neutrality. But it is not neutrality to discriminate against just one country, and that one a country which eveyone knows has attacked none, but is fighting within its own borders in self-defense.

I am sure that every real American as well as every Spaniard joins with me in urging that the unfair embargo against Spain which helps the enemies of American should be lifted.

I urge of every man and woman that you wire your congressman—that you talk to your friends and neighbors—that you speak in your union or civic organization urging that the State Department and Congress act to lift the embargo.

John Perez, secretary Rome Popular Front

"Does Mr. X really believe that if Hitler gains control of Spain with the help of Franco, that life in Spain will be any different than it is today in Germany, Austria and Czechoslovakia where 6,000,000 Jews have been murdered...."

Jews Will Not Surrender Palestine Rights, Weizmann Warns;
Continuation of Mandate and Jewish Immigration on
Absorptivity Principle Principal Among Four
Principal Demands Made By Jewish Agency
Leader; Cites Great Gains Made By
Arabs Following World War

London — Calling upon the British Government to "do justice to my people in this dark hour," Dr. Weizmann, President of the Jewish Agency for Palestine, demanded the continuation of the Palestine Mandate and of Jewish immigration on the principle of economic absorptivity after warning that the Jews have "vital interests and rights in Palestine which they will never surrender."

Dr. Weizmann's declaration, made in a two-hour address which he de livered last Wednesday night at St. James Palace, was disclosed in an officia summary.

Weizmann's Four-Pointed Demand

Four principal demands were placed before the British Government on behalf of the Jews by Dr. Weizmann, These were: (1) Continuation of the League of Nations Mandate; (2) Jewish immigration in accordance with the principle of economic absorptivity; (3) an active policy of development in Paleatine; (4) effective safeguards against a minority status for Jews.

A review of Jewish historical connection with Palestine, a summary of Arab gains following the World War and a reminder that Great Britain has not fulfilled the original promise contained in the Balfour Declaration constituted the themes of Dr. Weizmann's exposition of the Jewish case in Palsetine.

"The Jewish representatives enter this discussion," the Jewish leader said
with the desire to be helpful and with a full recognition of the difficultie
facing the Government. However, we must safeguard our vital interests and
rights which we will not surrender, particularly in this blackest hour of Jew \nish history."

Referring to the survey of the Jewish position that he had presented to the Peel Royal Commission, Dr. Weizmann reiterated that the root of the problem is the homelessness of the Jewish people which is everywhere minority.

"They preserved their identity because of their attachment to Palestine and the hope of a return to Zion," he declared. "The claim to Palestine was never abandoned; the Jewish community there never ceased to exist. In every age Jewish groups went to Palestine and for the last sixty years active resettlement has been going on. The Balfour Declaration recognized these historic facts and the preamble of the Mandate gave international recognition to the historical connection of the Jewish people and Palestine and the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country."

Foundations of Empire Would Be Shaken: Weizmann

"The Royal Commission's report ruled out artificial restrictions on Jewish immigration and the relegation of Jews to a minority status. It is incon-

(Continued on page 20)

tation of the Mandate which will curtail fundamental Jewish rights. Such a departure from a moral position would shake the British Empire to its foundations, for the bonds riveting it together are purely moral and are composed of natural faith and a belief in the security of promises."

A new period of vacillation succeeded the issuance of the Royal Commission report, which found its culmination in the Woodhead report, Dr. Weizmann continued. "The idea of a Jewish State was shandoned."

"The one thing that remains is a political high level for Jewish immigration. At a time of supreme distress for Central European Jewry and as the Jewish tragedy spreads to other countries, the gates of the National Home arnearly shut to Jewish refugees. The fate of six million people is in the bal ance. They do not know whither to go.

Says No Conflicting Promises

The argument that conflicting promises were made to Jews and Arabs by the British was denied by Dr. Weizmann. If there was any overlapping o promises, there was no conflict with regard to western Palestine, as was acknowledged by the representatives of the Government and by Sir Henry MacMahon himself. T. E. Lawrence had also written that Winston Churchill' settlement in 1921-22 fulfilled all the promises made by Great Britain to the Arabs, Dr. Weizmann underlined.

As final proof, he cited the fact that King Feisal, as the authorized pokesman for the Arabs at the Paris Conference had accepted the Balfour Declaration. Where there might have been a possibility of conflict in the promises on Transjordan, this had been solved one hundred per cent in favor of the Arabs, the Jewish leader pointed out.

Rejects Minority Status for Jews

Dealing with the Arab claim that Palestine is an Arab country and should have an Arab Government, Dr. Weizmann said that even on the present basis hat claim cannot be realized since the Jews form a third of the population and are responsible for more than two thirds of the economic and cultural activity in Palestine.

Two Principal Demands of Weizmann

The gist of Dr. Weizmann's statement was a demand for the continuation of the Mandate and of Jewish immigration in accordance with the principle of economic absorptivity, together with an active policy of development and effective safeguards against a minority status for the Jews.

Concluding, Dr. Weizmann said to the British officials:

'I pray that you who have carried justice, fairness and good Governmen into the remotest corners of the globe; I pray with all respect and humility that you will do justice to my people in this dark hour.

London Conferences May Be Quitted by Jewish Delegation

Jewish delegates to the Palestine conference led by Dr. Chaim Weizmann of Great Britain and Rabbi Stephen S. Wise of the United States went to Prime Minister Chamberlain today at 10 Downing Street and threatened to bolt the conference.

The Jewish delegates told Chamberlain that if a British suggestion for restoration of Jewish immigration to Palestine over an unspecified period is forced on them, they would be forced to withdraw from the negotiations seeking to settle the thorny problem of the Holy Land.

they supported their stand with a declaration that Jews never needed innestricted immigration to Palestine as much as at present, with 6,000,000 lewish refusees seeking a basic part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of t

It was understood that the Jews put pressure on Chamberlain and Mac Donald who was with the prime minister, to persuade the Arab delegates to the conference to meet the Jews in a round table conference on the ground: that the present talks with vague statements by the British representa tives first to the Jews and then to the Arabs were getting nowhere. They also asked Chamberlain what concreted British plan was suggested for solution of the Palesting problems.

"The one thing that remains is a political high level for Jewish immigration. At a time of supreme distress for Central European Jewry and as the Jewish tragedy spreads to other countries, the gates of the National Home are nearly shut to Jewish refugees. The fate of six million people is in the balance. They do not know whither to go."

The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh), February 17, 1939, pages 4 & 20,

This article is reporting on an address made by Chaim Weizmann, president of the World Zionist Organisation (who also featured in No. 114 in our list) on February 8, 1939 at St. James Palace, London. His "The fate of six million people is in the balance" speech was also quoted in: The Palestine Post, February 14th, 1939, page 1. And The Canadian Jewish Chronicle, February 17, 1939, page 7.

Jewish Relief Appeal Starts Here Tomorrow

More than 200 volunteers will begin tomorrow a thorough canvass of St. Petersburg in behalf of the local campaign of the United Jewish Appeal for Refugees and Overseas Needs. It is the largest and most intensive drive ever conducted by American Jews for relief and reconstruction in Europe, immigration and resettlement in Palestine and integration of refugees into the life of the United States.

Milton S. Lew, chairman of the local campaign, said today that the appeal represents the greatest effort in the history of the American Jews to relieve distress abroad to provide new immigration opportanities in Palestine. "The lives of many hundreds of thousands of persecuted men, women and chil-

dren depend upon our success in this drive," he reported to his campaign workers.

Appeal to All Creeds

Chairman Lew explained that the appeal will be made to all creeds and races because the agents of terror and hatred now aroused in Europe are levied against all religions in general. Once unleashed these powers cannot easily be stopped.

"Intolerance," Lew stated, "is as anti-Christian as it is anti-Jewish. The fiction of racial superiority is so alien to our American traditions that we cannot understand the callousness of many European nations toward the helpless victims. I feel that Americans of all creeds can join to prove to the world once more that while American democracy lives, humanity and compassion shall not die"

6.000.000 Heinless

Lew pointed out that there are six million Jews in Europe today fighting desperately against intolerance and despair. For them the support of the united appeal is crucial, he said.

The national quota sought in the

drive is \$20,000,000 of which St. Petersburg's share has been set at \$8,000. Lew is being assisted in the local drive by A. Sierkese, treasurer, and a large committee.

"6,000,000 Helpless. ... there are six million Jews in Europe today fighting desperately against intolerance and despair. For them the support of the united appeal is crucial."

The Evening Independent (St. Petersburg, FL) February 22, 1939, section 2, page 1

VANCOUVER, B.C. QUOTA \$12,000

SIX MILLION JEWS OVERSEAS FACING PERSECUTION, DISCRIMINATION AND ECONOMIC RUIN LOOK TO UNITED STATES AND CANADA AS THEIR ONE SOURCE OF HELP. BY YOUR CONTRIBUTION YOU WILL ENABLE THE JOINT DISTRIBUTION COMMITTEE TO CONTINUE, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES:

POLAND

With 3,000,000 unemployed to retrain for new occupations . . . promote self-sustaining industrial projects . . . maintain 1,300 free loan societies and credit cooperatives . . . feed and educate children . . . support hospitals and clinics for children and adults . . . provide emergency and reconstructive aid . . . care for German Jewish border deportees.

GERMANY

With 350,000 Jewish refugees to equip for new lives overseas . . . pay transportation costs . . . support refugee service agencies . . . maintain schools for Jewish children . . . assist those who cannot emigrate.

ROUMANIA

With 780,000 to provide vocational retraining for and child care . . . assist Jewish artisans, farmers, traders . . . support schools, medical aid and health camps . . . finance reconstruction and direct relief

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

With 355,000 to provide direct relief for in the form of food, shelter, clothing to Sudeten and Slovakian border refugees ... assist in emigration . . . give economic aid . . . support welfare agencies.

AUSTRIA

With 200,000 to maintain trade retraining courses for . . . assist refugees to emigrate . . . provide food, clothing, shelter for destitute . . . aid welfare agencies.

ITALY

With 60,000 facing sudden loss of rights . . . earning possibilities restricted . . . help 6,000 German an substitution in refugees forced to re-emigrate . . . assist 10,000 other foreign Jews who face immediate expulsion . . . provide economic aid for 20,000 others affected by anti-Jewish decrees.

THE JDC IS THE CHIEF AGENCY IN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA AIDING THE DISTRESSED JEWISH COMMUNITIES OF EUROPE AND REFUGEES THROUGHOUT THE WORLD, ENABLING THOUSANDS OF REFUGEES, WHENEVER POSSIBLE, TO FIND NEW HOMES. EVERY CENT RECEIVED, EVERY PENNY EXPENDED, IS CAREFULLY CHECKED IN THE COUNTRY OF EXPENDITURE. J.D.C. ISSUES A FINANCIAL REPORT AUDITED BY CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS.

You can not — you will not — you dare not — shirk your part. Be Prepared to give with a smile, and be thankful that you can, for it may be said, 'but for the grace of God it might have been me'.

Endorsed by the Vancouver Jewish Administrative Council.

"SIX MILLION JEWS OVERSEAS FACING PERSECUTION, DISCRIMINATION AND ECONOMIC RUIN ..."

"As Europe's conscience continue to decline one fact becomes increasingly clear. It is not a Jewish problem that confronts the peoples of the old continent; It is a Christian problem, a world problem. If the six million Jews that constitute the European scene were removed from the lands where they now dwell the forces of brutality and ruthlessness would still continue to operate."

The Advocate (MA), March 17, 1939. The Advocate: America's Jewish Journal. Vol. 95-98. 1939. Page 47.

The above is purportedly a verbatim quote from the final chapter of Rabbi Charles E. Shulman's 1939 book Europe's Conscience in Decline, which was reviewed in this edition of The Advocate.

Dictators Make Headlines... You Make The Eternal Story Of Jewish Survival

Not In Hitler's Hands, In Yours . . . The Fate Of Six Million European Jews

United Jewish Fund Drive Gives You Chance To Help Suffering Millions

By Maxine Hirsh Bader

John H. Cohen, Chairman of the Trade Council Committee

April, 1938 to April, 1939 — A Year of Tragedy: Germany consolidated her absorption of Austria. Italy issued anti-Semitic decrees. The Nazis swept the Sudetenland off the map. A Jewish boy in France shot a German . . Germany took Memel. Hitler made himself supreme Protector of Moravia and Bohemia. What did you do?

What did these swiftly moving events of universal, international importance mean in their effects upon individual human lives? They meant that aged and eminent Jewish scholars, on their hands and knees, cleaned the streets of Vienna. They meant that young men, men who would have been looking forward to lives of self-development and social contribution, shot themselves. They meant that some Jews, some few, fortunate Jews, were lucky enough to be pennile sexiles from their homelands. Others had to stay, and starve. They meant that Jewish homes and shops were wrecked and looted, almost the last remaining mite of Jewish property confiscated. And thousands of Jewish more thrown, defenselessly, into

Joseph M. Meyers, Secretary of th United Jewish Fund Drive

camps to be beaten and tortured. It total, there, in many human lives they meant every conceivable kind or physical and psychological sufficient

Slated for 1989-1940: German subjugation of Rumania. Return of Danzig to Germany. Increase of the Nazifleet. Teutonic rule of the Polish Corridor. Nazi domination of the rich Ukraine. Extension of Nazi influence in South America. What will you do?

Will You Do Your Share, Through The United Jewish Fund?

How many times — when Austria was taken . . when the September Sudetenland broadcasts chilled our hearts . . when the November pogroms roused our sorrow . . and the dismemberment of little Czecho-Slicovakia raised our anger — how many times have we not all said, "If only If only there was something I could do about it. If only I had some influence. If only I knew some action I could take!"

Now the time has come for you to act, to act in the most affirmative way Oliver M. Kaufmann, "twelve hundred men and women who have seen movies, read reports, studied charts to familiarize themselves with the situation . . . to learn intimately what is happening and what must be done, twelve hundred men and women who have given more than time . . . big and small contributors, but contributors who are making sacrifices in order to give more!" Their goal is the obtainment of twelve thousand Pittsburgh contributors to a fund to aid the desperate needy in all parts of the world.

Unique in this year's drive is its organization. Never before in peacetime has a fund-raising campaign been organized in such a thorough and efficient way. All phases of the community's resources have been considered and developed.

Under an executive committee leby Mr. Kaufmann and consisting o the president, Louis Caplan; treas

Mrs. John H. Cohen, A Women's Unit Leader

urer, Charles J. Rosenbloom; s tary, Joseph M. Meyers; and ind, paign director, High Salpeter, cont group is proportioned into three divisions.

These three major disvisions\nis in the mon's unit chairman

These three major disvisions consist of the men's unit, chairmanned by Alex Lowenthal; the women's, administered by six chairmen, Mrs. John Cohen, Mrs. Myrtle Fisher, Mrs. Fannie Friedman, Mrs. Edgar Hirsh, Mrs. Karl J. Kaufmann, and Mrs. Maurice L. Lyon; and the youth group, led by co-chairmen Herman Foreman and Miriam Stone.

Under these three classifications there are more than fifty individual campaign committees, representing and contacting every professional, industrial, organizational, and geographical aspect of the Pittsburgh Jewish community.

This most highly specialized organzation of the drive-workers is one of the campaign's most significant fea-

Mrs. Edgar L. Hirsh, Women's Division Co-Chairman

tures, for, with its operation, no member of the community will be solicited by more than one group or committee. Furthermore, although hitherto there has always been an opening and a closing date for the canvass, this year each committee will wage its own campaign at its own appropriate time within the dates February 15 and May 15.

Payment of one's contribution may be figured on a twelve-month basis. Since the peril and distress of Jews abroad seems likely to continue, there will be a continuous need for money. The money raised will be budgeted for local institutions, and the largest part saved for the needs of international crises as they occur. A contribution of fifteen cents, the price of an ice cream soda, will keep a child for three days in Palestine, and one of twenty-five cents a week for a year will transport a mother and child from Prague to the Homeland and maintain them there for a day.

How Fund Money Is Used

With the money you contribute to

Harry Rom, Chairman of the Mercantile Council

News of the World in Brief

Democracies Roused Against Fascism, Nazism; Sentiment Against Totalitarianism Growing

Mexicans Burn Mussolini, Hitler in

Mexico City — Police guards were stationed at the German and Italian legations after crowds burned an effigy of Premier Mussolini and stoned an image of Chancellor Hitler. Mexicans customarily stone or burn images of Judas on the day before Easter but this day the occasion broadened, with Rightist and Leftist political groups showing diverging sympathies.

British Deporting Nazi Agents

London—More than 50 Nazi political agents and members of the German secret police are leaving London within a week, the Daily Mirror said As part of the campaign to purge Britain of Nazi agents, warning will be given to the Germans by Scotland Yard that they will be arrested it they remain. Paris newspaper reports that German embassies and consulated in London and Paris were ordered to send back to Germany all officials who were not absolutely indispensible were denied at the Reich Embassy.

Followers of Coughlin and Bund Mobbed

New York — Members of a crowd of several thousand persons mobbed ten followers of the Rev. Charles E. Coughlin who were selling the Detroit radio speaker's paper, Social Justice and tore up several hundred copies of the paper. The crowd was dispersed by police after representatives of Social Justice and of the Free American (Deutsche Weckruf and Beobachter), organ of the German-American Bund, had complained that members of after-theatre crowds had molested sellers of the paper.

Otto Baumann, a naturalized German, became so excited watching pickets and salesmen of Father Coughlin's Social Justice outside a theatre here that he started denouncing Adolf Hitler. Arrested on a charge of disorderly conduct, Baumann again started denouncing Hitler. Sentence was suspended.

American Opinion Against Nazis, Fascists

New York — A recent survey by the American Institute of Public Opinion, of which Dr. George Gallup is director, revealed that sentiment in the United States against the Nazis is rising and that an average of only one person in a hundred favored Germany and Italy in the event of war. American public opinion believes that if Germany and Italy should succeed in defeating Britain and France, the axis would then be turned against the United States.

Urge Counter-Attacks In Defense Of

New York — A warning that it is time for all faiths to make a counter attack against paganism if Americar democratic principles are to be preserved has been distributed to Young Men's Christian Association branches in six hundred cities over the signatures of a Protestant, a Jow and s Catholic. The signers, according to John E. Manley, general secretary of the national Council of the Y. M. C A., were Dr. Stanley High, Rabb James G. Heller and Bernard J. Rothwell. Dr. High declared that religious freedom is under attack in the United States from both the extreme Left and extreme Right, and that "it is only an incidental matter as to which is at the moment in ascendancy. No one can fail to see that pagan temper has taken hold in our country." Rabbi Heller emphasized that "there is nothing that exists as a part of the inalienable heritage of church or synagogue which is not in jeopardy, which is not sneered at and cast aside." Mr. Rothwell was of the opinion that cooperation was essential between all faiths in preserving demo-

Warns Of Nazi Invasion I

New Haven — Dr. David Effrom of Peru, in an address on "The Perils of a totalitarian Invasion of South America" at the first intercollegiate conference of Latin-American students, said that the democratic forces were cooperating and that the outlook was encouraging. He presented documents tending to prove that representatives of apparently harmless Nazi and Fascist business houses were seeking the control of industries in order to dominate South American governments. He gave an optimistic picture, however, of the quick and effective response of student and liberal groups in combating the Fascist

Nazis Complete Subordination of Chur

Berlin — A renewal of the Nazattempt to "co-ordinate" the last and most stubborn sections of the German Evangelical Church was foreshadow ed here. Eleven "co-ordinated" dignitaries of the Church have signed a new declaration of their acceptance of the National Socialist position or eligion and have started a large scale campaign against the "Jewish and political influences" which they claim still persist in German Protestantism. Followers of the pagan German philosophy have consistently urged the exclusion of the Old Testament from the German Bible because of its Jewish character. A declaration announced that a special institute has been established "for research into and elimination of the Jewish influence in the religious life of the German people."

According to the Koenigsberger Allgemeine Zeitung a total of 22,268 persons emigrated from Germany in 1938. The number of emigrants was 3,060 (57 per cent) more than those in the preceding year and included Austrian emigration from April, amounting to 1,038. Emigrations from the old Reich alone increased 46 per cent. Of the total, 16,599, or 75 per cent, of the emigrants were Jews, compared to 7,155 or 50 per cent of the 1937 total. From Berlin alone, 2,399 or 3,446 were Jews, compared with 948 Jews of a 1,572 total in 1937. In Hamburg 1,608 Jews emigrated, compared with 429 in 1937.

800,000 Jews in Distress in Central Europe Result of Recent Anti-Semitic Action

New York — More than 800,000 Jews are in distress in Central Europe as the result of the spread of anti-Semitism during recent months, it was reported by Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver and Rabbi Jonah B. Wise, National Chairmen of the United Jewish Appeal for Refugees and Overseas Needs, who called for immediate action on the part of American Jewry to help alleviate the suffering and homelessness of tens of thousands of men, women and children added to the ranks of the refugees by the occupation of Czecho-Slovakia, the seizure of Memel, the adoption of new anti-Jewish legislation in Hungary, and the program of expulsion in Italy against Jews who took up residence in that country after 1919.

By far the most tragic element among the Jews of Central Europe, the leaders of the United Jewish Appeal pointed out, are the refugees from Germany whose path of flight preceded the Eastward march of Nazi aggression, being driven first from Germany to Austria, then to Czecho-Slovakia and now finding all roads of freedom barred. Refugees in this category number approximately 5,000 in Czecho-Slovakia; about 6,000 in Italy. In a similar plight are some 14,000 refugees from Sudetenland victims of the first dismemberment of Czecho-Slovakia.

The adoption of an economic and professional numerus clausus against Jews in Hungary threatens to undermine the existence of the 500,000 members of the Jewish community in that country, Rabbi Silver and Rabbi Wise said, explaining that the restriction last May of Jewish participation in commerce and the professions to 20 per cent was tantamount to the elimination of 60,000 from the self-sustaining class. This situation may be seriously aggravated if a new bill reducing Jewish economic activity to 6 per cent becomes law, for it will mean the impoverishment of an additional 250,000

Recent events in Central Europe have brought to 6,000,000 the total number of Jews in Central and Eastern European countries affected by anti-Semitic activities, the leaders

Describing the situation in the provinces of Bohemia, Moravia and Slovakla which were annexed by the Third Reich upon the destruction of the Czech Republic, the Jewish lead ers stressed the fact that Prague had been the center of a flourishing Jewish community ever since the tentientury. "In contrast to their free dom of the past the 100,000 Jews in Bohemia and Moravia and the 95,000 in Slovakia are being rapidly and ruthlessly eliminated from all economic, communal and cultural activities by the racial Nuremberg law which made exiles and outcasts of the Jewish community of Germany, the statement by Rabbi Silver and Rabbi Wise declared. In addition, 70,000 Jews Ilving in Sub-Carpathis have been incorporated in Hungary under a regime which offers little hope for normal and unmelested life.

The desperate situation in Central Europe confronts the agencies cooperating in United Jewish Appeal for Refugees and Overseas Needs with many new tasks of relief, rescue and rehabilitation, the statement added. The Joint Distribution Committee is also called upon to extend emigration and retraining aid for those who will

be fortunate enough to leave the new countries of distress. At the same time, the United Palestine Applea must provide opportunities for immigration and settlement in Palestin

for Jews who must emigrate.
Rabbi Silver and Rabbi Wise called attention to the plight of some 16,000 foreign Jew in Italy who had been ordered to leave the country by March 12th last, Included in this number were approximately 6,000 Jewish refugees from Germany and Austria. Although thousands have fled Italy since the expulsion order, the status of approximately 5,000 who

The seizure of Memel which had a Jewish population of about 6,000 has brought despair to that little community which must now seek homes alexambers.

The United Jewish Appeal for Refugees and Overseas Needs, will serve to provide relief, reconstruction and resettlement activities commensurate with the urgent needs of the hour.

Extremists Demand Stringent Anti-Jewish Laws: Imredy to Visit Hitler

Budapest — Expressing dissatisfaction with the Government's antipowish bill as not being sufficiently extreme, the newly-reorganized pre Nazi arrow-Cross Party introduced severe program to exclude the Jew from Hungary's economic, political and social life. The program call for "Proclamation of the Jews as separate racial entity; prohibition of mixed marriages and legal sanction against cohabitation between Jew and non-Jews"; "Peprival of Jews political rights and service in the army"; "Measures to eliminate Jew from the Hungarian state of labor." Parliamentary elections at the end of April gave impetus to the issuance of instructions to the Governmental party's electrical agents to accept all as party members irrespective of former political affiliation with the exception of Jews.

Former Premier Bela Imredy of Hungary has accepted an invitation to attend Hitler's birthday celebration in Berlin on April 20. Imredy author of Hungary's drastic anti-Jewish bill, resigned his Premiership on February 15th last when he learned that he was of partly Jewish ancestry. He had learned that his prother's grandfather was a left.

Fascists Recalling Jewish Army Officers

Rome — Reliable sources revealed that many Jewish officers who had been hit by Italy's racial laws by dismissal from the army were being allowed to re-enlist. Those who returned to their posts included doctors, engineers and infantry officers. In recent weeks, Jews who had been called up with their regiments, had beer sent back to their homes upon inspection of their identification cards and this new move came as a complet surprise. Those who have been accepted were told that their families would be accorded better treatment providing they were ready to volunteer in case of need.

"Recent events in Central Europe have brought to 6,000,000 the total number of Jews in Central and Eastern European countries affected by anti-Semitic activities

Six The Jewish Criterion April 14, 1935

Local United Appeal Campaign Opens With Fifty Divisions Joining In Drive

Community Impressed With Concrete Duty Toward Sufferers Abroad

Mrs. M. H. Fisher

While the entire world awaited anxiously the next moves of the dictators abroad, Pittsburgh Jews took constructive steps to alleviate the suffering and misery that has resulted from oppression of Jews abroad. Pittsburgh's campaign for the United Jewish Appeal for Refugees and Overseas Needs began shaping up with many of the divisions beginning their active campaigns April 12.

The United Jewish Appeal for Refugees and Overseas Needs represents the culmination of negotiations that have been under way for several months in order to present to American Jews in 1939 a single instrument through which they can express their concern with the plight of Jewry overseas by unprecedented and sacrificial contributions of funds. The

Marcus Rauh Iember, Executive Committe

United Jewish Appeal unifies the fund-raising efforts of the Joint Distribution Committee, the United Palestine Appeal and the National Coordinating Committee Fund will enable American Jewry to face the inescapable challenge of 1939; to raise a minimum of \$20,000,000 — the goal of the United Jewish Appeal for Refurees and Overseas Needs.

The Fund campaign locally is organized into almost fifty separate campaigns covering every professional, industrial, organizational and geographical aspect of Jewish life here. Each division is running its own campaign within the dates of February 15 and May 15. Wholesale and Retail Clothiers, Insurance and Real Estate, Automobiles, Druggists, Architects, Engineers, Jewelers and Opticians were hard at work this week on their respective campaigns. All of these campaigns are under the general chairmanship of Alex Lowental, chairman of the Men's Division.

to do for the alleviation of the suffering of fellow Jews abroad. As Oliver M. Kaufmann, the general chairman of the Fund Campaign told them!

"As you pick up your paper each evening and tune on your favorite news commentator, as you read about and listen to descriptions of the goings on in Europe today, you sit back in your chair and think 'how horrible,' 'If only there was something I might do.' This is your challenge. In your hands today rests the decision whether our [6,000,000] fellow countrymen will live or die, be able once more to become self-sufficient contributors to the civilization of the world, or merely give up and call it quits, either through suicide or through resignation."

"Through the generosity of Americans, the United Jewish Fund was able to feed 1,100,000 persons the last week of March. Imagine for a moment what that figure entails —

I. D. Wolf Chairman, Publicity Division

"Give That They May Live"

Your dollars may bring the peace and security our brethren is distant lands have been vainly seeking

Help them to turn darkness into light

Support The United Jewish Appeal Compaign

Emanuel Spector is chairman of the wholesale clothing division, with the following men as his sub-chair men: Charles Loevner, Men's Goods Curly Wolf and J. W. Goldbloom Clothing; Harry Seiver and Leonar-Amdur, Ladies' Goods; I. Oseroff Manufacturing; and Harry Olitsky Installment Merchants. Milton Freed man heads the Retail Clothing Division with the following men as his sub-chairmen: Max Azen, Ladies Goods; Julius Halpern and Meye Minsky, Novelties; Robert Comins Ben Cohen and Louis Shapiro, Shoes Harry Caplan and I. A. Abrams, Men' Goods.

The Insurance and Real Estate Campaign is being chairmanned by Edgar Lewin, the Architects and Engineers by Nathan Jacobs, both divisions under the general chairmanship of E. B. Strassburger, chairman of the Professional Council; Emanuel Grafner is chairman of the Jewelers, Ralph Grodstein of the Opticians, under the general chairmanship of John H. Cohen, chairman of the Trade Council.

Each of the organization meetings of these divisions stressed the fact that now Pittsburgh Jews had something concrete, vital and constructive twice the population of Pittsburgh is dependent on you, thousands of miles away, for their very existence. And, that figure of a million persons is only one-sixth of those who are in distress teday."

"More than a million refugees, starving, tortured, fear-dazed, have been dragged from their homes, separated from their families, expelled from their countries. Five million more, await with horror the moment this misery will strike them as it struck the 20,000 hounded over the German-Polish border last year; the thousands more in Italy, Czecho-Slovakia and now Memel. 115,000 of them have died. 621,000 live as outcasts, their future uncertain and in their minds a question about their future that only you in Pittsburgh can answer."

"Tell the members of the Pittsburgh Jewish Community, when you go among them, that their duty is clear! Their duty to the hungry, helpless children. Children who can be fed, clothed, schooled with the dollars they give. Their duty to the outcast women. Women who can find shelter, protection through their aid. Their duty to the men who may begenerosity. Don't bargain with human misery. This is the time to de more than contribute — to ascrifice. We are asking every man, woman and child here in the safety of Pittsburgh to do his part, to deny himself some luxury each week. Remember, twenty-five cents a week will transport a mother and child from Prague to Palestine and maintain them there for one day. Give that these fellow Jews of ours may live."

"This unified campaign will be able o meet a wide desire that the fundiview by American Jewry shall be available for flexible distribution in accordance with changing needs during the year. We are fully conscious of the solemn responsibility that we, the executive committee of this year's fund campaign, have taken upon our selves. We dare not fail — for the take of ourselves in America, and even more, for the sake of our people in the leads of distress."

"... whether our 6,000,000 fellow countrymen will live or die ... More than a million refugees, starving, tortured, fear-dazed, have been dragged from their homes, separated from their families, expelled from their countries. Five million more, await with horror the moment this misery will strike them ..."

PALESTINE FOR THE PERSECUTED

Six million Jews are the stepchildren of fate in Europe today. Being a homogeneous minority race, their presence infuriates the nationalistic ire of the dictators in control, and as a consequence they are libelled, besmirched, hounded and massacred. Their personal property is confiscated; their wives and daughters are violated, and their places of worship are torn down, burned and blasphemed.

Not all this oppression is the result of fanatical terrorists. It is generally conceded that the overcrowded condition in Europe is one of the fundamental reasons for the present turmoil. If, therefore, the Jews are the ones to go, and go they must or die, where shall be their destination?

The answer is Palestine. Immediately, Christian and Jew alike throw up their hands and exclaim, "What, that wasted desert? Why they would starve in such an inhospitable region."

Such is not the case. First, from a purely racial viewpoint, it is only logical that the Jews should have control of the land of their ancestors. Theirs is a rich historical heritage. But regardless of that there are four good reasons why the Jewish refugee should look toward the Near East.

First, because in the last 40 years the Jews have poured into the land \$500,000,000 and 500,000 men, and have with their money, their sweat and their blood, changed Palestine from a barren backward land to a fertile country, vying with the most progressive centers of modern civilization.

Second, the development of Palestine has opened up widened economic frontiers for the whole Near East.

Third, because Palestine is the most readily accessible, easily reached country open for refugee colonization.

Fourth, because 52 nations recognize the historic claim of the Jewish people to Palestine and solemnly affirmed the right of the Jew to settle there. These points were clearly pointed out after an intensive survey made by the Christian Friends of Palestine, in Washington, D. C.

The idea is not new. The Jewish people have been developing Palestine for many years, and what they have achieved in the land of their ancestors borders on the miraculous. Their success could not have been duplicated by any other people in that particular land, for the problem called forth all the latent qualities of race, driven by hard necessity, and most important of all, they were home again, home in the land of their ancestors—Abraham, David and Isaiah

What have they done? It makes an imposing list. They have built some 240 agricultural settlements in previous uncultivable

areas, made possible by draining and irrigation of otherwise waste lands and malarial swamps. These lands were settled by 110,-000 people. In addition, there has been a marked urban development. They built a modern city on the sandy shores of the Mediterranean Sea, called Tel Aviv, an all-Jewish

Haifa has become an important center of shipping and commercial enterprise. More than 200 primary schools have been established in country districts. They have built the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Malaria has been stamped out, and eye disease eradicated. A great medical center has been erected. Hospitals and Child Health Centers, and clinics have been established, with provisions for nurses and midwives. Bus and motor traffic has been increased and facilitated by the building of modern roads. Jerusalem has been equipped with a new water supply system. The railroad system has been organized.

Tel Aviv has a harior recently constructed, that it may well be proud of, and electricity is possible through the construction of a large plant. The Dead Sea has become alive in the credit columns of the economic ledger by the extraction of minerals from the water. The Jordan famed Biblical river, rolls on to the hum of dynamos as the river has been harnessed to yield power.

A National Library has been instituted, with 400,000 volumns on the shelves. The arid surface of some sections of Palestine are being changed, as millions of trees, indigenous to the country, have been planted. Great theatres are being developed, and an internationally famous orchestra has been established.

Can the Jews make a living in Palestine? They can, for statistics show that there has been a tremendous growth in citrus production and industrial enterprise. In the period of 1929 and 1930 the value of oranges, lemons and grapefruit exported by Jews were SL-500,000. In 1936 and 1937 the exports had jumped to \$10,500,000. In the same period the production of Jewish industrial enterprise rose from \$12,500,000 to \$40,500,000.

Jewish initiative could convert the unused stretches into the most productive territory in the area. There is ample room to expand and still not interfere with the Arabs. There is room for all the persecuted Jews in the world to settle there and still live a prosperous life in their ancestral country, as a composite Jewish state.

The very preservance of Hebrew homogenity by Jews the world over, which has kept racial lines intact, has given the Jews the possibility of creating a powerful Jewish state in Palestine. All of the Jewish accomplishments have been to the advantage of the Arabs who share the country with the progressive Hebrews. There is 99 per cent. of the surrounding territory open for the same kind of development. In this day and age of Jewish persecution, the Jew, searching for a chance to live out his existence unhampered and unmolested, has one answer, Palestine.

"Six million Jews are the stepchildren of fate in Europe today."

April 21, 1939 THE JEWISH CRITERION Fifteen

1200 Men and Women at Work on Fund Drive

Youth Division Opens Campaign with Huge Rally

Morton Dorfan Chairman, Geographical Div.

Herman Foreman

Miss Miriam Stone Co-Chairman, Youth Div.

Today the democratic nations of the world awaited the answers of Hitler and Mussolini to President Roosevelt's momentous bid for peace. Acting only as an intermediary and not a mediator, the President of the United States asked the dictators to "lay their cards on the table" and pledge peace to the world for at least ten years. But meanwhile the plight of the Jews in Europe became even more tense, and conditions became aggravated almost to the breaking point as at press time it seemed certain that Hitler would add the Free City of Danzig to the possessions of the German Reich.

Pittsburgh Jews, more fully aware and better informed about the international situation than ever before, rallied to the support of the United Jewish Appeal for Refugees and Overseas Needs in order to alleviate in some measure the distress and suffering of 6,000,000 Jews in Europe. 1200 Pittsburgh men and women were at work in the enormous task allotted them of obtaining 12,000 contributors to this year's campaign. Under Oliver M. Kaufmann, general chairman, many of the divisions have already completed their campaigns and others were making final plans to complete their work between now and May 15, the closing date of the campaign.

Seven hundred Pittsburgh youth jam-packed the auditorium of the Y. M. and W. H. A. on Monday to officially open the Youth Division Campaign of the United Jewish Funcappeal. Under the co-chairmanship of Miriam Stone and Herman Foreman, young people from secondary schools and colleres assembled to hear

Mr. High Salpeter, campaign director, tell of the purposes and reason for the United Jewish Fund Appeal He explained to them how this one campaign was absorbing the fund raising efforts of the Joint Distribution Committee, the United Palestine Appeal and the National Coordinating Committee. And how these organizations provide for refugee adjustment emigration to Palestine, settlement in Palestine, occupational training, shelter, food and clothing, transportation, hospitals, educational institutions and other vital services.

These young people listened intent ly to Mr. Salpeter's talk. They watched the March of Time film or "Refugees" which depicts so poign antly the seriousness of the Jewish situation and the needs of the United Jewish Fund Appeal. Then each of the 700 assembled young people pledged a contribution of 25c a week each week during the coming year Mr. Salpeter said of this meeting "This meeting was one of the most soul-stirring I have ever attended Here were 700 youngsters, mostly under twenty-one years of age, pledging a contribution that would be worthy of an adult. Here, voluntar themselves of some luxury each week for the coming year in order to detheir part in alding the stricker Jews abroad. I wish adult member of the Jewish community could have been there. The enthusiasm of these youngsters was contagious, their gen

erosity was overwhelming. I fee that this meeting was indicative of the thought and deliberation people are giving the foreign situation to day. Each of their contributions will transport a mother and child from Prague to Palestine and maintain them there for one day. These people have carried out the keynote of the campaign, "Give that they might live."

As each of the major divisions made final plans for its campaign, the Geographical Division was organizing to begin its work in the drive After all the other major divisions, including the professional, industrial trade, women's and youth groups have completed their drives, the Geographical Group will begin a systematic contacting of every man and woman in the Pittsburgh Community who has not been reached through any other division.

Under the general chairmanship of Morton Dorfan, workers in this group are:

Allen H. Berkman, Major; David Fuss, Captain; Sam Goldstein, Captain; Leonard L. Kimball, Captain; Preston Kline, Captain; Herman Altman, Worker; Melvin Chaff, Worker; Peter Cooper, Worker; Lee F. Joseph, Worker; Henry Mustin, Worker; Aaron Oliver, Worker; David Marks, Captain; Max Meltzer, Captain; Bernard Rosenson, Captain; Arnold Wilner, Captain; Lawrence Barnett, Worker; Robert Domesek, Worker; Karl Fried, Worker; H. R

Schmidt, Worker; Ben Sternberg, Worker; Sol Weisberg, Worker; Mas B. Feldman, Major; George Davidson Captain; Moss Ostwind, Worker; M. Y. Steinberg, Worker; Ben Wald Worker; F. Friedman, Captain; Dave Kohn, Worker; Sigo Levite, Worker, Ted Levite, Worker; Joseph L. Mandel, Worker; Saul Market, Worker Morris Hirschfield, Captain; William N. Price, Captain; Simon J. Katz Worker; Ben Markoff, Worker; Murice Rosenberg, Worker; Miles Schwartz, Worker; Dr. Benj. F. Steinberg, Captain; E. Lampl, Major; Ivans Adels, Captain; Hy Burckin Captain; Jerry Goppman, Captain Ruby Klein, Captain; Dave Protos, Captain; Ben Stewart; Abe Turk, Captain; Ben Stewart; Abe Turk, Captain; M. Unikel, Captain; William Whitman, Captain.

N. Seidman, Major; S. J. Amdur, Captain; Nathan Feinstein, Captain; Chas. F. Kramer, Captain; Joseph Friedman, Captain; Chas. F. Kramer, Captain; J. M. Lichter, Captain; Alfred Nathan, Captain; B. L. Schwartz, Captain; R. Silverman, Captain; Harry B. Stein, Captain; Ben Stein, Major; Abe Cohen, Captain; D. Escovitz, Captain; E. S. Rogad, Captain; Ben Stein, Major; Benj. J. Rosenberg; Wm. H. Skirble, Major; Murray Klein, Captain; Chas. M. Schwartz, Jr.; Aaron Levinson, Captain; Ralph Raphael, Captain; Faolbum, Captain; Benjamin Wanetick; Harry Kodinsky, Captain; B. M. Kramer, Captain; David Mervis, Captain; Edwin Harris, Captain; Eugene Cohen, Captain; Dr. M. W. Golomb, Major.

HAVE YOU DONE YOUR DUTY? THE UNITED JEWISH FUND NEEDS YOUR HELP FOR THE HELPLESS 6,000,000 IN EUROPE

"... the distress and suffering of 6,000,000 Jews in Europe. ... HAVE YOU DONE YOUR DUTY? THE UNITED JEWISH FUND NEEDS YOUR HELP FOR THE HELPLESS 6,000,000 IN EUROPE"

ITHACA RABBI SAYS FREE JEWS MUST AID HARASSED BRETHREN

Six Million Jews Are Refugees Members of B'nai B'rith Lodges Told.

Three-eighths of the world's Jew-\nish population of 16,000,000 persons,
or approximately 6,000,000 persons,
are potential refugees, Rabbi Ephraim Fischoff, of Ithaca, member of
the Cornell university faculty, informed the 350 men and women attending the joint installation ceremonies of Niagara Falls B'nai B'rith
lodge, the Lord Melchitt B'nai
B'rith lodge, of St. Catharines, Ont,
and the ladies' auxiliary of Lord
Melchett lodge, held at the Hotel
Niagara last night. The ceremony
marked the first time in B'nai B'rith
history that officers of a Canadian
lodge of the order were installed on
United States soil.

Speaking on the subject "Jewish Survival in This Age of Chaos," Rabbi Fischoff declared that the 6.000,000 Jews or Christians of Jewish extraction are in real or imminent danger due to the spread of totalitarianism in the world.

Reviewing recent history, particularly that of Europe, Rabbi Fischoff declared that "those Jews and Christians, in areas where democracy still reigns, if they have the insight to see it, have several imperative, religiously based, clearly defined duties as human beings."

Summarizing, he listed these duties as follows:

refugees now totaling more than s

million Jews, more than 2,000,000 Jewish Christians and an equal number of Christians without a trace of Jewish blood.

Second, the granting of support to the existing "Jewish idealistic experiment in Palestine, a signal example of peaceful transformation of a people"

Third, the joining together of Christian and Jew in defense of American democratic traditions

Rabbi Fischoff described the chief function of B'nai B'rith as that of discounting the flood of anti-Semitic propaganda through its Anti-Defamation league, which is assigned to expose the falsehoods in the libels spread against members of the Jewish race. He also said that a function of the organization should be to establish Hillel foundations in the largest American and Canadian colleges and universities to provide religious centers for students of Jewish faith.

David Ruslander, prominent Buffalo attorney who was recently appointed as a member of the Board of Education of that city and a former president of the Buffalo district of Bhal Brith organization served as installing officer during the ceremonies for the three lodges

Installed as officers of the Niagara Falls lodge were: David Mann, president; Marvin I, King, vice-president; Lawrence Davis, monitor; Edward M. Levy, treasurer; Ben Exter, financial secretary; Harry A. Bassuk, warden; Jacob Goldstein, assistant monitor; Louis Yaseen, Samuel C. Wisbaum and Sam Carl, trustees, and E. Hyman Wisbaum, recording secretary. New officers of the Lord Melchitt lodge were: John Engel, president; Saul Goodman, vice-president; Richard Dwor, treasurer, and Edward Offstein, monitor The officers of the ladies auxiliary of the St. Catharines lodge were: Mrs. Saul Goodman, president; Mrs. Harold Rosberg vice-president.

"ITHACA RABBI SAYS FREE JEWS MUST AID HARASSED BRETHREN Six Million Jews Are Refugees, Members of B'nai B'rith Lodges Told. Three-eighths of the world's Jewish population of 16,000,000 persons, or approximately 6,000,000 persons, are potential refugees. ... Rabbis Fischoff declared that the 6,000,000 Jews or Christians of Jewish extraction are in real of imminent danger due to the spread of totalitarianism in the world."

TUESDAY EVENING, MAY 2, 1939.

Where Shall They Go?

Congestion of population provides an excuse for aggression and expansion. It is generally conceded that Europe is in a turmoil because

Europe is over-crowded.

In this over-crowded Europe, 6,000,000 Jews are being libelled, besmirched, hounded, spoiled, tormented, massacred. Their wives and daughters violated, their synagogues sacked, their books burned, their holy scrolls—the tablets of the law—defiled. Their God—our God—the God of Christendom blasphemed. These Jews and their ancestors have lived in Europe for more than 2000 years, but now they must go as if they were aliens, pariahs, nomads. It is bootless to speak of justice, or to plead for mercy.

Millions of Jews must emigrate. Where shall

they go? They and their friends ask.

Various territories have been suggested as possible centers of colonization. An empty Near East, and especially Palestine as an actual center for Jewish colonization is the best answer to where they shall go, says an organization called Christian Friends of Palestine, which has its headquarters in Washington.

In the last 40 years the Jews have poured into the land \$500,000,000 and 500,000 men, and have with their money, their sweat and their blood changed Palestine from a barren backward land to a fertile country, vying with the most progressive centers of modern civilization.

The development of Palestine has opened up widened economic frontiers for the whole Near East. Palestine is the most readily accessible, easily reached country open for refugee colonization. Palestine historically has been the home of the Jewish people from the Bible times unto this day. Fifty-two nations recognized this historic claim of the Jewish people to Palestine and solemnly affirmed the right of the Jews to settle there.

The accomplishments of the Jews in Palestine have been to the advantage of the Arab. He has increased in Palestine more than in any Moslem country in the world. His birth rate in Palestine is the highest and his death rate the lowest.

"In the light of these facts, when the Jews persecuted and harassed, driven without mercy from his home, helpless, penniless, cries out to have a chance to live, the answer is Palestine," says the Christian Friends of Palestine.

"In this over-crowded Europe, 6,000,000 Jews are being libelled, besmirched, hounded, spoiled, tormented, massacred. Their wives and daughters violated, their synagogues sacked, their books burned, their holy scrolls—the tablets of the law—defiled."

Lockport Union-Sun & Journal, May 2, 1939, page 6.

Eddie Cantor, O. M. Kaufmann To Broadcast Campaign Appeals

Drive Forces Combine To Meet Growing Emergency

Sol Black, Chairman

persons that are now dependent on the generosity of American Jews. All the men's divisions in the Drive, under the chairmanship of Alex Lowenthal were to make their reports today. Three new divisions that have been added to this division are Beauty Parlors, under the chairmanship of Jerome Edlis; Restaurant Service under Reuben Scholnick; and the Chiropodists' Division under Abe Hirshfield. Meanwhile the Youth Division headed by a council composed of Herman Foreman and Miriam Stone, cochairman, Freda Lewin, secretary and Clarence Gordon, treasurer, were rounding up their campaigns and were planning to submit complete reports on May 15. The clothing division under the chairmanship of Emanuel Spector and Julius Halpern, cochairman, submitted their report this week, and went way over the goal

our efforts, supplemented by the efforts of similarly minded groups in\nother cities throughout America, will
determine how much food and medicine will be made available to the
starving victims of pogroms, how
many shattered existences we can salvage, how many persecuted souls we
can rescue, how many Jewish refugees we can help immigrate and setthe in Palestine.

"One of the most inspiring things about our task is the knowledge that there is a new and greater unity among the Jewish people, a determination to forge a single instrument of the three agencies whose efficiency, experience ond competence in the conduct of the many ramifications of overseas and refugee work and in settlement in Palestine will at least help to break down the walls of privations and dangerous defeatism

Edgar Lewin, Chairman Insurance-Real Estate Div.

600 Pittsburgh women who will serve as hostesses at the dessert bridges Wednesday, May 10, gathered in the Y. M. and W. H. A. Auditorium Wednesday to receive their instructions from Oliver M. Kaufmann, general chairman of this year's United Jewish Fund Appeal for Refugees and Overseas Needs. More than 6,000 Jewish women of Pittsburgh have been invited to go to one of more than 550 homes for the inauguration of the Campaign of the Women's Division of the Fund Drive. At these affairs Eddie Cantor, renowned actor will broadcast a fund appeal to the women direct from Hollywood. Oliver M. Kaufmann will broadcast the local news of the campaign from Pittsburgh. This is the largest attempt that has even been made to gather together women that are interested in a single cause.

Meanwhile the campaign kept moving at great pace with many of the divisions already reporting, and all divisions planning to report by May 15, the date set for the close of the campaign. Pittsburgh was still behind other Jewish Communities, but the executive committee of the drive felt confident this week by the reports already submitted that Pittsburgh would not only meet the burgh would not only meet the burgh would surpass Pittsburgh's goal with flying colors. The 6,000,000 European Jews that are looking to America for succor and hope and faith are reason enough for every man, woman and child to do his or her part to put this year's drive over the top.

Meanwhile the situation in Europe becomes daily more acute. The threat of war becomes more imminent, and the danger faces us of having millions more added to the millions of

A. L. Wolk, Chairman Public Employees' Div.

set for this division. The geographical division under Morton Dorfan and the Neighborhood Council under Sol Black open their campaigns Monday. All men and women in the Pittsburgh Community who have not been already contacted by the more than 50 industrial, professional and organizational committees will be reached by this group. The geographical division will contact all city people and Neighborhood Council will contact all persons in the outlying districts.

In his address to the hostesses for the Women's Dessert Bridges, Mr. Kaufmann said: "This is not merely an annual campaign in behalf of social welfare and other services we must traditionally support. Between now and May 15 the fate of millions of human beings in Germany, Austria, Poland, and other European countries will be determined because threatening our people in Central and Eastern Europe,

"This single instrument, the United Jewish Appeal for Refugees and Overseas Needs will enable the Joint Distribution Committee to cover the face of Europe, to reach into every danger zone where Jews are feeling the blows of intolerance. It will enable the United Palestine Appeal to purchase thousands of additional tracts of land in Palestine, to increase commerce and trade in that country to increase the tempo of living in that land so that many more thousands may be added to the 250,000 Jews who have found permanent homes there since 1923.

"These are the facts which every one of you who has volunteered to serve in this campaign must bring home to every Jewish woman and every Jewish family in Pittsburgh. We cannot believe that there is one person in our Jewish community who will be deaf to the plea of his stricken brethren overseas, who can fail to realize that to carry out a program of assisting the Jews in Germany to survive, of aiding the refugees dispersed throughout the world, of transporting thousands of them to Palestine and overseas lands and making it possible for them to take up their lives there as workers and citizens, will not require at least three to four times the sums raised in this country in the past year."

"You have heard as well as I the historic speech of Hitler to his Reichstag on Friday, April 28, 1939, You heard him scorn the likewise historic appeal of President Roosevelt for a ten year moratorium on peace. Such a man can not be dealt with reasonably. Such a man cannot be shown the folly of his ways. But it is not for us here in Pittsburgh to decide how Hitler shall be dealt with. What we must decide is the fate of the Jews who have already been made penniless and homeless by the man's actions and deeds. No matter what troubles we have, what hardships we think we are enduring, we at least have the freedom of speech and of worship and of home. On Sunday was dedicated the New York World's Fair, dedicated to the World of Tomorrow may give peace and hope and faith to the millions of Jews in Europe that are in acute distress today.

"In your homes next week, you have invited the women of Pittsburgh to come and in the greatest selected women's audience ever gathered in America and hear the plea I have given you today. The entire executive committee of the United Jewish Fund Campaign are grateful to you for your generality and helmfulness."

"The 6,000,000 European Jews that are looking to America for succor and hope and faith ..."

THE JEWISH CRITERION

PUBLISHED WEEKLY

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AVID ALTER. Publisher

MILTON K. SUSMAN, Editor

Atlantic 0753

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n a subscriber wishes his paper discontinued at the expiration of his subscrip

May 5 1939

The Jewish Criterion has exclusive rights to the World Wide Felegraphic News, Palcor Agency and the Seven Arts Features

Volume 93, No. 26

EDITORIAL

JEWISH BOOK WEEK

ROM May 7 through May 14 Jewish Book Week will be observed throughout the United States. During those seven days libraries, book-stores and community centers will join in helping to preserve the heritage of Israel through its literature. In Pittsburgh, Carnegie Library will have special exhibits and bookmarts will feature past and recent contributions to Hebraica and Jewish lore.

We urge our readers to participate in this annual celebration by rededicating themselves to the history, tradition and thought of our people through the fascin-

ating medium of books.

HOOTON FOR OUR SIDE

THE reason why copies of last week's issue of Collier's were as scarce as auks was an article by Dr. Earnest Albert Hooton titled "Why the Jew Grows Stronger." It starts out as an interesting anthropological study of Jews, not as a race, but as possessing a set of definite racial characteristics by which they are readily recognized, and then tapers off into a discussion of the social consequences of these physical distinctions of Jews dwelling in Gentile populations.

Dr. Hooton has been generous to the Jew in his conclusions, indeed, in our opinion, even extravagant. But he is preponderantly fair and proceeds to his deductions with the cold reasoning of a scientist. Though many of his suggestions may not meet with undivided approval, he has written a treatise that holds out the Jew as a seset rether than a lighbility to society.

And since this approach is a rarity these days, he has rendered anti-Jewish prejudice a severe blow for which we Jews should be grateful.

UP ON THE MOUNT

THOSE who hold that "A kind answer turneth away wrath," will have a rare opportunity to see the justifiability of such a helief on May 9

On that date, Hadassah, the Women's Zionist Organization of American Jewish Physicians' Committee will unite to open and dedicate the first non-sectarian medical center in Palestine, just completed on

Mt. Scopus in Jerusalem.

Built during a period of international strife and racial hatred, the new center will be a beacon light dedicated to a rational program of enlightened science and good health for all peoples. As such, it must have a humanizing effect not only on the enemies of Jewry in the Holy Land itself, but also on all those who without justification or foresight have claimed that the Jew is not able to carve out his destiny with the same tools of peace and justice he demands from the rest of the world.

The center is a complex of three, white buildings constructed of native stone quarried in the mountains of a new-old land. The medical school for graduate students and doctors which comprises one of the buildings has been named for Dr. Nathan Ratnoff, director of Reth Israel PLIGHT OF 6,000,000

THE unprecedentedly fine response to the United Jewish Appeal throughout the country, with many communities far exceeding their quotas, not only offers fresh hope for the success of the local drive, but makes our responsibility in Pittsburgh the more inescapable.

This is one time when distinction would be painful were we to lag behind the quota set for us. For weeks, now, an army of workers have been laboring in an humanitarian cause, sacrificing business and pleasure, to see that our promise of succor to the needy and forlorn is kept.

To fail them now is unthinkable. We must only plod ahead to our objective, where life and hope await them, satis-

faction, us.

Hospital in New York and president of the American Jewish Physicians' Committee.

The hospital, known as the Meyer de Rothschild-Hadassah-University Hospital will bring the services of a 300 bed institution, designed according to the best American standards, to the native and Jewish communities of that section of the world.

In addition, there is the Henrietta Szold School of Nursing started twenty years ago by the founder of Hadassah who is still active in Palestine as the director of the Youth Aliyah (immigration) movement. This school will act as a training ground not only for native and refugee Jewish girls but for students from surrounding countries as well.

The motto of the new center is "heaing, teaching and research." It is a motto worthy of the organization which built it, worthy of the people who will receive its services and worthy, too, of the Jew's historic determination to turn Palestine once more into a "land flowing with milk and honey."

This "milk," however, is the milk of human kindness. And this "honey" is the honey of good health and high morale which always result from it.

ASSETS, WE HOPE

In the strange course of events which makes the history of man a living, stirring drama, the refugee today plays a major rule. The lot of hundreds of thousands of refugees, Christians as well as Jews, shuffled about in an attempt to find new homes, new raison d'etre, is now infused with a curious combination of pathos and power. France and Germany have unequivocally placed themselves on record as desiring their services on a military basis. Germany cannot look to these people for loyalty in times of crisis; she may expect only a minimum of contribution, and that only by force. In France, however, and every other democratic country which has rendered them refuge and hope in their despair, they will serve with all that is within their power, gladly sacrificing life, limb and property.

Although there is sting to the statement

by former First Lord of the Admiralty Alfred Duff Cooper of England, who, referring to his country's policy of turning away what he calls useful, able-bodied, hard-working, honest immigrants, said: "It is criminal lunacy to chase these people from our shores while, at the same time, we implore citizens to fill up the gaps in the defenses," we cannot wholeheartedly condemn it. For to these people life has taken on a new sense of proportion.

Through misery they have grown to understand the futility of individual existence as compared to an ideal for which to live and die. To serve in a cause for the greater good of all humanity would infuse the broken fragments of their lives with new power, would give new meaning to their existence. The refugee is a creation of Nazi Germany. It is not impossible that pathos and power may give way to a Frankenstein returned to crush its creator.

BOUNCING CZECHS

In the process of "aryanization," whatever that might mean, of Bohemia-Moravia, certain Czech tendencies have been disclosed that make the ultimate stratification of Czechs and Germans through pressure methods a matter for speculation. It is agreed by close observers that permanent or even temporary amiable relationship between the two peoples under present conditions is unlikely because of inherent differentiation; and the iron-fisted demands from Berlin that the Czechs, fundamentally not in the least anti-Semitic, enforce anti-Jewish measures, are obeyed only perfunctorily. Instead, Czech officials are using every power within their means, despite German pressure, to render assistance to Jews leaving the country and even to help salvage their belongings.

The Czech aptitude for passive resistance is drawn to a large extent from the same source tapped by Jewish patience, and one cannot help but feel that the Czechs are firm in their belief that all this is but a transitory phase of their industrial life and that theirs is the feeling that eventually there will be a new liberation.

These, then, are the people over whom the Reich has set up a "protectorate," only because in the free countries there was the fear, not of defeat, but of war itself The Czech people now manifest their sympathy by a responsive attitude to the Jewish desire to get out of the country because they know that life on Hitler's terms is intolerable.

FRED J. SELIGMAN

T HIS journal's condolences to the family of Fred Seligman, publisher of the Youngstown Times, who passed away this week at his home in Youngstown after a long illness.

An esteemed contemporary, his death leaves a regretable gap in the ranks of Anglo-Jewish journalism. May 12, 1939

United Appeal Enters Final Stage

Workers Hope To Complete Drive In Ten Days

Mrs. Leonard Shapiro

Despite rumors that have circulated in the community that the Pittsburgh Campaign for the United Jewish Fund Drive has already reached its goal, Oliver M. Kaufmann in a statement issued to this publication as it went to press said: "We have not raised more than 50% of the amount set for the Pittsburgh community to contribute. Although the committees that have already reported have done exceptionally well, there are great numbers yet to be heard from. The campaign is in full swing now, and we hope within the next 10 days to reach every one of the 12,000 men, women and youths whose contributions are necessary to put the drive over."

In a rally for workers he said: "We are within sight of our goal and need only an increased realization by the people of Pittsburgh of the overwhelming distress abroad in order to reach our objective and save countless human lives. We must begin to see our obligation to these people in the light of the extent of their suffering. We must thrust aside all the indices by which we once judged the indices by which we once judged the boundless suffering must be met by boundless suffering must be met by boundless sacrifice and generosity. We must not fall them. If we fail them we fall aurestees!"

"We have a great deal more money to raise. Please go into the community and acquaint every man, woman and child with the facts. They know them as well as you do. Their newspapers and their radios tell them repeatedly over and over again just what the situation is. But ask these people to be generous. This is not just another campaign. There is much to do and much we can do. There is still hope for the persecuted, and help can reach them before it is too late. We are asking for contributions on a scale hitherto unknown in American Jewish Life. We want not generosity alone, for that is not enough. The year of 1920 is the year of the most critical struggle of 6,000,000 European Jewas. In the light of that struggle we cannot abandon our people. And a contribution less than our utmost means abandoning more Jewa when they have looked upon us in America as their only friends among numberless enemies!"

Oliver M. Kaufmann's proudest possession today is a five yard scroll. It is the honor roll from the Irene Kaufmann Settlement of those who donated to the Pittsburgh 1939 United Jewish Fund Drive. In childish scrawls are written the names of 500 boys and girls who gave up a piece

Following is a letter addressed to the Boston Committee for Refugees by a German refugee who was imprisoned in the Nazi Concentration Camp at Buchenwald for eight days in November, 1938. The letter was forwarded by the Boston Committee to Mr. High Salpeter of the United Jewish Appeal who turned it over to The Criterion as evidence of the great need for the aid which the Drive is seeking.

—THE EDITOR

Boston Committee for Refugees 24 Province Street Boston, Massachusetts.

Before dawn on Thursday, Novem ber 10th at 3:30 a. m., my family and I were peacefully asleep in our apartment on the second floor of the house in which we lived when we heard our doorbell ring. My wife went to the window and saw in the street below a group of SS men They demanded to know if a Jew lived in that apartment. On receiving an affirmative answer they demanded that I come down because they wanted me. My wife pleade that I had done nothing wrong, but to no avail. The SS men smashe the window in the apartment below where an Aryan German family live and from the apartment below ther forced their way into our apartment They searched for weapons of which of course, we had none and then of dered me to go with them, barelgiving me a chance to put my clothe

They took me and a few other Jews to the police station, kicking our heels as they walked. In the police station we met a great many other Jews, some badly beaten up with blood streaming from their heads and faces. One Jewish man was so badly beaten that he was lying unconscious on the floor. From there they took us in trucks to the concentration camp.

When we arrived at the camp we were compelled to run between two rows of SS guards who were armed with sticks, truncheons and other weapons. We were beaten mercilessly. They knocked our hats off with sticks and as we were running they tried to trip us and anyone who fell was trampled upon. Those who could not run fast enough, especially the elderly people, received the worst beating. A former officer of the German Army who had been wounded in the World War, protested that he was a wounded veteran and that he would not run, that he would not submit to such indignities; whereupon he was thrown to the ground and trampled to death before our eyes.

The gate to the camp was kept only partly open allowing only two men to pass at the same time. On the inside of the gate there again were lined up two rows of guards armed as the others with sticks and other weapons and under the personal supervision of the head of the camp. Every Jew had to run between those two rows of guards for a distance of about 300 meters and as the Jews passed they were continually beaten. Inside the gate we were compelled to line up and stand at attention until 11 p. m., without food or water.

We were then driven into the barracks which were plain wooden structures and we had to lie on the bare wood without even a piece of straw under us. We were so crowded that the upper structure of bunks collapsed and we were compelled to lie on each other packed like sardines, one's head resting on somebody's stomach and somebody's feet on another's body. Thus we were compelled to stand up were mercilesaly beaten, many unconscious and many were thrown into open ditches outside and compelled to remain there all night. We had no covers except the clothes we were wearing. All the while the

of our people would soon be taken to the forest, meaning they would be executed.

At 5:30 a. m. we were again lined up our heads shaven and each on had to contribute "voluntarily" to the SS fund. The least "contribution" accepted was 20 marks. We stood a attention from 5:30 a. m. until 7 p. m. Those who could not endure the were pulled out and flogged. That day we received no food nor water except a little potato soup. After 7 p. m. we had to get into the barrack again and to lie on each other as before with the same scenes of horror and beatings to anyone who darestand up. On the third day we were lined up at 5:30 a. m. and they gave us coffee (One cup for every termen) and a small slice of bread. We again had to stand at attention until 7 p. m. without even a drop of water 7 p. m. without even a drop of water 7 p. m. without even a drop of water 7 p. m. without even a drop of water 17 p. m. without even a drop of water 17 p. m. without even a drop of water 17 p. m. without even a drop of water 17 p. m. without even a drop of water 17 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even a drop of water 19 p. m. without even 19 p. m. without even 19 p. m. without even 19 p. m. m. m. m. m. m. m. m. m. m. m. m. m.

On the morning of the fourth day we were compelled to sit in rows from 6:30 a. m. to 7 p. m. with the legs of one prisoner arranged between those of his fellow prisoner in the opposite row. No one was permitted to get up or move and the guards jeered at us that we Jews do not know what we want, we complain when we stand and we complain when we stand and we complain when we sit. That motionless sitting in that position was the worst torture anyone could invent. One elderly man who could endure it no longer got up and was kicked by a guard so hard that he tumbled over several rows of prisoners. When he got up again the guard struck him between the ribs with the handle of a dagger and the man again fell to the ground. His fellow prisoners persuaded him to sit down and try to endure the tortures. The next morning the poor man was dead.

The following night was the worst for us. Many men lost their minds and many others could not keep from standing up for a few seconds. Several scores were pulled out and beaten to death. Others committed suicide. The bodies were left lying in full view of everyone and the newcomers were greeted with that sight.

On the fifth day there was some relief from the thirst because it rained
and we were able to catch a few drops
with our hands. In the nine days
that I was at camp, about 100 men
died and over 500 became insane.
Many committed suicide by cutting
their veins with broken glass, or
throwing themselves against the electrically charged wires that surrounded
the camp. In the few cases where
the electric current did not kill the
victim at once the guard in the watch
tower finished him with a gun.

On the ninth day the secret police came accompanied by physicians. We were all lined up facing the wall where we were compelled to stay for four hours from 2 to 6 p. m. Those that showed signs of flogging were pulled aside and were not released. I was one of the fortunate ones and I was permitted to go after making a solemn promise not to reveal to anyone what I witnessed at the camp. To add to the irony, everyone was compelled to pay three marks for broken dishes although the only dishes we had were a tin plate and a tin cup. January 20, 1939.

The Boston Committee for Refugees, a participating agency in the United Jewish Campaign, has since secured an affidavit for this man permitting him to come to the United

Freda Lewin Secretary, Youth Committee

of candy and in many cases even more to contribute a few pennies to the Fund. The Black Hawks, the Bon Amis and the Sunbeams and dozens of others of these young peoples clubs signed their names, one by one, five yards of them to signify that although they cannot do a great deal they are doing their part to help the 6,000,000 suffering and innocent peoples in Europe who are turning to America for

Success Story Number One thus far in the Fund Drive has been that of the Clothing Division under the general chairmanship of Emmanuel Spector and the co-chairmanship of Julius Halpern. They have raised to date some \$34,000 dollars an enormous contribution not only in mere figures, but in what it will mean to those in distress in Europe. It costs \$25.00 to transport a mother and child from Prague to Palestine and maintain them there for one day. This means these 1360 mothers can take their children to the safety of Palestine, the land of hope and opportunity.

Here follows the honor roll of

Chairman, Emanuel Spector; Co-Chairman, J. Halpern; Associated by Leonard Amdur and Harry Seiner; Ladies Goods, Chairman, Max Azen; Clothing Chairman, Curly Wolk; Mens Goods Chairman, Chas. Loevner; Canvassers Chairman, Harry Olitzky; Shoes Chairman, H. Caplan, L. R. Michaels, Milton Freedman,

Associated by: Prof. Abrams, Mux Balsom, J. Seder, Nathan Savage, B. Clair, James Simon, Harry Miller, Dr. Ishlon, Eddie Azen, S. Bliman, M. Wolf, Bernard Kaplan, Harry Eisenfield, Herman Halpern, Julius Radbord, I. Oseroff, Barry Neisenbaum, Lou Shapiro, Louis Gordon, B. Mann, Meyer Minsky, Robert Wormser, E. L. Braunstein, A. Werner, M. Rosenson, Oscar Loeb, Chas. Briskin, Sam Schechter, Harry Aarons, Morris Allon, J. W. Goldbloom, I. Dinovitz, Morry Goldman, Harry Neuman

The Women's Division of the Fund Drive formally opened their campaign with 300 dessert bridges on Wednesday, at which time Rabbi Hillel Silver of Cleveland, national chairman of the United Jewish Fund Drive spoke. More than 5000 Pittsburgh women sat by the radios and heard a most memorable address by Rabbi Silver I nave be said.

"As I speak to you now there is an Europe. It is not an army of war. It is not an army of peace. It is an army of despair, a straggling, aching mass of humanity with tatters for its

(Continued on page 33)

"The year of 1939 is the year of the most critical struggle of 6,000,000 Europear Jews."

"PLIGHT OF THE UNWANTED ... A little more than a month ago Lord Winterton, chairman of the Evian Committee, declared that the potential problem concerned five or six million Jews."

Columbus Jewry Must Raise \$15,000 For United Jewish Fund 1939 Goal

A PICTURE STORY BEHIND LOCAL FUND CAMPAIGN
"What Have I Done?" asks this little refugee child.

CHRONICLE

The state of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the part of the pa

AS you read these lines, there is an army wandering across the face of Europe. It is an army of despair, a straggling, aching mass of humanity with tatters for its banners. It is the army of refugees, whose lives have been wrecked by the storm of persecution that has swept every Jewish life from its moorings in Germany, Austria, Poland and Czecho-Slovakia.

These men and women, without a country, keep crowding the highways in a vain search for an open door. There are 96,000 of these refugees in France, Holland, England, and Switzerland. Only one year ago, many thousands of them had been living in safety in Vienna and in Czecho-Slovakia, but the march of aggression has destroyed Vienna and Prague as asylums for refugees. So the Jew who fled from Berlin to Vienna, and then when Austria was swallowed up by Germany, from Vienna to Prague, must now go forth in search of a new home.

The refugees are homeless wanderers, living indictments of a civilization that permits violence and race hatred to be used as political weapons. The crisis which Jews of Europe are facing today envelopes far more than six million souls. With each new defeat of democracy in Central Europe, new centers of Jewish life are uprooted, new communities are scattered, new legions join the tattered army of the refugees.

These refugees look to the United Jewish Fund to help them weather the storm of oppression that has wrecked their lives.

Can we say "NO!" to them without saying "NO!" to everything that is dear to Jewish existence and our own future?

Look at the wistful, poignant face of the child refugee depict ed above. The child's face tells the story which symbolize the urgency of the appeal be hind the 1939 campaign in Co lumbus and vicinity. Unknown to us, these unfortunates are nevertheless our brethren tied to us by a spiritual strain thick er than blood. They are thousands of others like then look to us hooingly, longingly

Their fate is in our hands! We must reveal ourselves to them. The instrument of mercy at your disposal to help the refugees and Jews living in every land of distress in Europe is the United Jewish Fund Appeal. The funds you contribute will be utilized immediately to provide food, clothing shelter, medical care, trade training, emigration assistance, resettlement aid—every reconstructive assistance which will give them a chance to rebuild their lives.

Do not forsake them, the present crisis demands of each and every one of us, not a gift, but a sacrifice.

According to E. J. Schanfarber, approximately \$15,000 is still needed to go over the top for the 1939 United Jewish Fund campaign. It is hoped that Columbus Jewish Community shall meet in the fullest measure the responsibility which the European situation has placed upon it. Remember too, that some 30 other worthy causes in American Jewish life will also benefit through your one contribution. Make your checks payable to Simon Lazarus, Treasurer, United Jewish Fund, 150 E. Broad St., Columbus Obio.

"The crisis which Jews of Europe are facing today envelopes far more than six millions souls."

Ohio Jewish Chronicle, June 30, 1939, page 1.

"Scarcely two months before Hitler's aggression against Poland, Herr Hans Ziegler, a ranking official in the Propaganda Ministry, emphasised, according to a dispatch by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, in his book entitled Juden und der Weltkrieg, that one of the worth-while results of the coming world war would be the annihilation of the six million Jews in East and Central Europe."

This, I believe, is one of the very most damning articles which I've reproduce in this book, it's a precise prediction of the "annihilation of the six million Jews in East and Central Europe" during the Second World War. So I think it warrants some further investigation.

First off, it also appeared in:

These past few months are memorable ones in the light of world history. But the era of constant change in which we time makes necessary now and then the summarizing of what actually has taken place during a given period. By special arrangements with the editors of the Contemporary Jewish Record, The Southern Israelite brings you this timely resume of Jewish world events.

exile and persecution. Nor is there any escape for them. If the pattern established by the U. S. S. R. will be followed in the regions occupied by the Russian forces, Jews in these localities will face persecution for their religious beliefs, Zionist activities and democratic symmathies.

As was not the case in the last war, in which the Jews of Germany shed blood for the glory of the grateful "Vaterland," they are held there today as hostages to become again the scapegoats in the event of the defeat of the Nazi forces.

The problem of Palestine has attained a new complexion against the backof resistance to be undertaken against the British policy. While the Congress went on record as unanimously opposed to any compromise in Palestine at the expense of heating the properties of the properties of the properties of the properties of the temperature of the present day British policy as contrasted with the identity of interests of Jose with those of the democracies, which would bring a change in the relationship of the Mandatory to the Jewish National Home in Palestine The Congress adjourned after a short session Many participants from Poland and other countries were stranded. The sessions of the Jewish Agency were indefinitely postponed because of the commencement of hostilities.

The war is likely to affect profoundly the destiny of the Jewish National Home in Paletine. Immediately upon its outbreak, Dr Chaim Weizmann assured Great Britain in letter to Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain of the Chamberlain of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palette of the Palett

IT IS as yet too early today to comprehend the full extent of the tragedy which has overtaken the world. The conflict has but started. It is now still limited to four countries. The extent of its possible spread is not as yet known. But the tragedy which has overtaken the millions of people in the war zone as well as the 3,500,000 Jews in Poland and the 800,000 Jews in Germany and her possessions is sufficiently great to defy the imagination and stir the deep sympathy of those who still believe in mercy justice and the protection of the weak

Searcely two months before Hitler's aggression against Poland, Herr Hans Ziegler, a ranking official in the Propaganda Ministry, emphasized, according to a dispatch by the Jewish Telegraphic Agency, in his book entitled "Juden und der Weltkrieg," that one of the worthwhile results of the coming world war would be the annihilation of the six million Jews in East and Central Europe. Other warnings of the same dire character have been uttered by Nazi officials and publications for the past several years.

Today, two-thirds of the Jewish population in Poland is under Nazi occupation. Even the infrequent dispatches from the war front indicate that the Jews were the twofold victim of Nazi hatred and retaliation, first as citizens of Poland, and secondly, as Jews. The Nazi propaganda machinery is feverishly at work in an effort to drive a wedge between the Jews and the Poles. In line with its set policy, pursued before the hostilities commenced, Nazi propaganda attempts to convince the Poles that their enemy is the Jew and not the Nazi aggressor. At the same time, an effort is made to portray the Polish civilian resistance as stemming mainly from Jews, in order to justify wanton retaliation and goad the German soldiers and civilian population to more frightful acts. Frequent bombardments of Polish towns have been directed in many cases at the Jewish quarters. Polish Jews knew that their very existence is at stake in this war. For the part of Poland, occupied by the Nazis, there may be a puppet government, Slovak style, pending a change in fortune. For Jews there is but death,

The World Looks On

Behind The Scenes Of World Confusion Lies An Explanation For A Horrified Humanity

Social Vo The Southern Learlite

ground of the new world situation. It continued to bom large until the outbreak of hostilities. It was evident from the utterances and actions of the Colonial Minister, Mr. Malcolm MacDonald, that the British Government was determined to put into effect the measures outlined in the White Paper, and to break the resistance of the Jewish community. This was reflected in the suspension of Jewish immigration into Palestine during the six months beginning October 1, 1939, as a retaliation for the continuous stream of "illegal" immigration of German and other refugees. Jews were heartened by the publication of the report of the League of Nations Permanent Mandates Commission, four of whose seven members declared the White Paper an unmistakable violation of the terms of the Mandate. In the mentine, attention was shifted to Geneva where the Twenty-First Biennial World Zionist Congress was opened on August 16.

The Congress met under the threatening clouds of war, a circumstance which influenced both the procedure and the tenor of the addresses and discussions. Because of the emergency situation in Zionism, elections were not held in a number of countries. The labor group was strongly represented as usual, and its condition with the liberal General Zionists (Group A) still dominated the scene in spite of minor disagreements. The major differences which transcended all groun lives ranged about the type

Great Britain in defense of their common interests, notwithstanding the differences regarding the Palestine policy of the Government. The Prime Minister expressed his gratitude upon his acceptance of this offer. Thus an avenufor renewed cooperation between the Mandators and the Jews was reopened. The initiation of movement for the organization of a Jewisl Legion in Palestine for the protection of the country was the first step in the new rapprochment. This recalled the experiences during the last war. Influential British public opiniourged a modification of Government policy. The result was the abandonment of the close door policy. It is reported that in the seconweek after the war began, the doors of Palestine were reopened with an eye to its military defense. The Arabs, too, declared their readineto cooperate with the democracies. With this a new phase opened in the history of Palestine the full consequences of which cannot as yet be appraised.

The refugee problem as it had existed in the past six years has undergone a fundamental change. Many Polish Jews and non-Jews have attempted to flee into Hungary, Rumania Lithuania and Latvia. In most eases refugees are kept out. The war situation has almost made it impossible for Jews to leave Germany Able-bodied men and women have been conscripted in the army's labor battalions or given other work. (Please turn to page 11)

* THE SOUTHERN ISRAELIT

Both The Jewish Criterion and The Southern Israelite lead with the almost verbatim explanation above each of their articles, that they have come to a special arrangement with the Contemporary Jewish Record (which first published the article in question). The Contemporary Jewish Record was published by the non-Zionist, but not anti-Zionist American Jewish Committee, whose former president Louis Marshall had stated on August 6, 1919 (see No.45 in our list):

"Let me say to you candidly and in all solemnity that Jewry abroad is tottering on the brink. The lives of some six million people are at stake."

But, to the specific claim in the article:

Two months prior to Germany's invasion of Poland, a Nazi named Hans Ziegler, published a book entitled Juden und der Weltkrieg (Jews and the World War), and in it, he had written that one of the worth-while results of the coming world war, would be the annihilation of the six million Jews in East and Central Europe. According to the Jewish Telegraphic Agency anyway.

The archives of the Jewish Telegraphic Agency (JTA), an international news agency, are online, at least a searchable archive in English is. Whether there are archives in other languages, which presumably there are, and the ambiguously cited article appears amongst them, I do not know. But this story certainly does not appear in the English archives. I performed at least 10 separate searches, using different words or names from the Contemporary Jewish Record claim, all without any positive results.

The Nazi referred to by the Contemporary Jewish Record, Herr Hans Ziegler, is almost certainly Dr. Hans Severus Ziegler (1893 – 1978) a writer and teacher, who had joined the NSDAP in 1925, and in 1936 was appointed as the artistic director of the city of Weimar's theatre. His most notable work was the "Degenerate Music" exhibition in Düsseldorf during 1938, from which the above poster—which features his name upon it—is infamous.

Dr. Hans Severus Ziegler did write several books and papers, many of which were written after war. The online records of the German National Library, lists twenty-three articles by, or about Dr. Hans Severus Ziegler, but a book entitled Juden und der Weltkrieg (Jews and the World War) is not amongst them.

There is a book entitled Die Juden im Weltkrieg, or often listed as Die Juden und der Weltkrieg (The Jews in[/and] the the World War), but it was published in 1916. It was written by Felix A. Theilhaber (pictured above), who served as a physician in the German army during World War I. He went on to also publish Jüdische Flieger im Kriege (Jewish Flyers in the War) in 1919, in which he gave accounts of over one hundred Jewish military pilots who flew for Germany during the Great War. Theilhader's writings were in the defence of German-Jews, to counter accusations that they had been a traitorous element in Germany during World War I.

In 1914 Theilhader founded, and became the chairman of Gesex (The Society of Sexual Reform) a group of medical professional which, according to his son, sought to have the laws prohibiting abortion and contraception overturned, and laws on obscenity, paedophilia, exhibitionism, homosexuality and adultery reformed. For his involvement with this group, he and fifty other physicians were arrested by the Gestapo in May 1933. When released two months later, he emigrated to Palestine, where he co-founded the Maccabi Health Care Service. He died in 1956 in Tel Aviv.

Conclusion:

Dr. Hans Severus Ziegler never wrote a book called Juden und der Weltkrieg, about the coming world war and the annihilation of 6,000,000 Jews. The author(s) of this propaganda article distributed by the American Jewish Committee, simply lied.

"... in Poland alone there are 6,000,000 Jews who are now subject to Hitler's persecution or Stalin's "communizing.""

Syracuse Herald-Journal, October 30, 1939, page 15.

LECTURER SEES NEW JERUSALEM NOW UNFOLDING

Homeland of Jew Is Being Re-Established, Says Dr. Tannenbaum

Observations over a period of five years spent in Palestine were recounted on the North Iowa Forum over KGLO Friday evening by David Tannenbaum, transcontinental lecturer, as he told his listeners that a new Jerusalem was unfolding gradually in Palestine, the country that is being re-established as the homeland of the Jewish people.

"In less than 20 years," said the speaker, "the city of Jerusalem has grown from a population of about 40,000 to one of 110,000, of which about 60,000 are Jews.

"And this contrast of old and new is found in every corner of the land. Here you see the Arab still ploughing by yoking his ox or his camel and his donkey to an ancient plow. . . And there you see the young Jewish farmer, driving his tractor and plowing his furrow deep and straight.

"Here you see an ancient threshIng floor on thich the Arab's\nexen go round and round to thresh
the sparsely grown wheat. And a
little way on you see the young
Jewish farmer, boy and girl, driv-\ning a modern combine"

Mr. Tannenbaum stressed that Palestine offered the only solution to the six million Jews who are homeless, wondering, starving and sick in central and eastern Europe "Where shall they go?" he asked, adding that the United States has freely admitted those few thousands it could in accordance with the laws passed by congress—and that some other countries also have beloed.

"But we say," continued the speaker, "that the solution lies in opening wide the doors of Palestine... to build anew that devestated land, to build so that the prophetic visiion might be realized in our day."

Mr. Tannenbaum, on a lecture tour sponsored by the Jewish National Fund, spoke to a public gathering at the Adas Israel synagog in Mason City after making the radio talk Filday night.

"Mr. Tannenbaum stressed that Palestine offered the only solution to the six million Jews who are homeless, starving and sick in central and eastern Europe today."

Mason City Globe Gazette (IA), January 20, 1940, page 16.

No.157, January 1940

PROBLEM OF THE JEW

The predicament of the Jews grows more acute with continuation of the war in Europe. The problem is not one for the Jewish people alone, but one which gives concern to the people of most of the civilized nations which have attained a high degree of humanitarian sentiment.

Jewish leaders who have returned recently from Europe view conditions there as growing more acute. They declare a million Hebrews under German domination will be starved to death or be killed within the next twelvemonth if the present state of affairs is permitted to continue. Opinion was expressed by the same leaders that two million other Jews in German-controlled territory would be re-

duced to a life of complete misery unless means are provided for their escape through emigration.

At the present time six million people of Hebrew blood are held in prisons or concentration camps in central Europe and an additional three million in Russia are being denied the living of normal lives and the right of religious freedom.

lives and the right of religious freedom.

Widespread persecution of the Jews has become a disgrace to some of the nations which boast of intelligence superior to that of the peoples of other nations. In Germany and in a few of the smaller states of Europe people of Hebrey blood are not treated as

human beings. Hitler's is a campaign of racial extermination under the delusion that he can build a super race. Mere bunk, of course, The Jews in Germany have held leadership in science, including law and medicine, and inventive genius. Many times since the start of the war Hitler and his lieutenants have missed the genius of the Jew and has had reason to regret his purge was made so inclusive. Services of the Jew have been needed back of the battle lines if not in the forefront of the fighting.

Some day, somehow, the Jew may come back into his own. At the moment his re-establishment appears to be far off.—Marshalltown Times-Republican.

"At the present time six million people of Hebrew blood are held in prisons or concentration camps in central Europe and an additional three million in Russia are denied the living of normal lives and the right of religious freedom."

The Jefferson Bee (IA), January 23, 1940, page 2.

"Almost six million Jews find themselves on the brink of starvation and extermination. Their only hope is the help which the Jews of America can extend to them. The success of the United Jewish Appeal will determine their fate."

The Southern Israelite (GA), May 3, 1940, page 8.

Robert Schiff Heads 1940 United Jewish Fund Drive

Robert W Schiff

Facing a year expected to tax its resources to the utmost, the United Jewish Fund of Columbus will officially
open the 1940 campaign on Tuesday, June 11, with Robert
W. Schiff, prominent business executive, heading the drive
as general chairman. Announcement of Mr. Schiff's appointment was made this week by Edwin J. Schanfarber,
President of the Fund organization during the past fourteen years.

The United Fund chairman will have the assistance of such capable vice chairmen as I. W. Garck, Ralph Lazarus, Herbert Levy, Leonard Kohn, Albert Schiff and Robert Weiler. Already for the past few weeks these men have been busily engaged in formulating plans for this forthcoming fund raising effort.

Other important heads who have accepted posts in this year's campaign are, Mrs. Alfred Kobacker, Women's Division; William Wasserstrom, chairman of the Speakers Bureau; and Dr. Don Shusterman, Junior Division

In accepting the chairmanship of this year's United Jewish Fund Campaign, Mr. Schiff issued the following statement to Columbus Jewry:—

frail and Eastern Europe are faced with great danger of annihilation as the result of the sweep of war and oppression An increased quota over last year is imperative in a relief and rehabilitative aid to war sufferers overseas, and as sistance to emigres coming to

Jewish life in Europe is faced with a 'blackout' in the grimmest sense of the word. This places upon every community in America the greatest responsibility since the first World War created a wide-spread emergency relief problem

I am calling upon the Columbus Jewish community to establish a new standard of generosity in the campaign which will open Tuesday, June 11, in order that the unprecedented emergency in Jewish life may be met through large-scale efforts.

Realizing full well that a tre mendous responsibility rest upon the General Chairman it attempting to raise the larges quota ever asked of this com munity, I am confident tha with the cooperation of my Vice Chairmen, committee heads and workers, local Jewry will ans wer the challenge of the times as it has always done."

Robert W. Schiff
Robert Schiff, although a well

our community for a number of years, has had little time to devote in active participation of both local and national movements. His contributions, how ever, to all worthy causes have

Mr. Schiff began his career as a shoe salesman in 1916, and within four years had reached the point where he together

able to found their present or ganization. The Schiff Co., with general offices located at 35 N. Fourth St. The firm to-day is the third largest Shoe Chain with approximately 287 stores from coast to coast and over 1500 employees.

Among the familiar personalities in our midst who played an important part in the successful Schiff enterprise are Albert Schiff, 2389 Bryden Rd., Morris Schiff, 63 S. Cassady Ave., William Schiff, 211 S. Cassingham Rd., Jack Schiff, 2717 Fair Ave., Saut Schiff, 2538 Maryland Ave., Edw. Schiff, 1805 Franklin Pk. S., Earl Coplon, Jule Mark, 2672 Fair Ave., and Abe Jacobson, 223 S. Cassingham Rd.

By his genialty, his kindness and his thoroughgoing loyalty Robert Schiff has endeared himself to thousands here and thruout the state. The Ohld Jewish Chronicle desires to commend the local leadership in their choice of this year's campaign head. It assures him every cooperation in conveying the weekly message to our people in this, the greatest of all humanitarian efforts.

"Over six million Jews in Central and Eastern Europe are faced with great danger of annihilation as the result of the sweep of war and oppression."

Ohio Jewish Chronicle, May 17, 1940, page 1.

Claimed Robert W. Schiff, chairman of the United Jewish Fund of Columbus. This is Mr. Schiff's first appearance in our list, but not his last.

"… if the Nazis should achieve final victory, "6,000,000 Jews in Europe are doomed to destruction.""

Claimed Nahum Goldman, Administrative Chairman of the World Jewish Congress, as quoted in the Joplin News Herald (MO), June 25, 1940, page 3, and in The Palm Beach Post (FL), June 25, 1940, page 6. This quote from Nahum Goldman also appears in The New York Times, June 25, 1940.

This is Nahum Goldman's first appearance in our list, but not his last.

"The lives of six million Jews have been uprooted by the psychopathic, political ambitions of totalitarian leaders."

"Nor must we despair that six million Jews will forever lose trace of their historic heritage."

The Palestine Post, July 1, 1940, page 6.

Nazis Prepare Blueprint Of All World Enslaved

Former Berlin Writer Describes Total Control of Europe and Economic Hegemony in Americas

This is another article in Wallace R. Deuel's "Where Does Hitler Stand Now" series. In this uncensored story, written also without fear of reprisal from any censor, Mr. Deuel discusses "What Kind of a World Will We Live In If Hitler Wins." The writer, head of the Chicago Daily News Berlin bureau for the last six years, has just returned to this country. He is not going back to Germany.

By Wallace R. Deuel

CHICAGO, Ill., Feb. 4—Here is Adolf Hitler's blueprint of disaster—of the disaster which will befall the free civilization of western Europe and the United States if Germany wins the war.

Here is the nazi plan for the world, and here is what life will be like for the people of the earth if Britain is heaten.

The nazi world structure will be based, just as the victory which will have made it possible will be based, on the alliance of Germany, Italy and Japan.

Russia may or may not join the

Even France and England might foin it.

Reich Will Rule

The reich will, of course, rule Europe.

If the Italians or any other peoples are admitted to partnership as rulers, they will obtain only junior—very junior—partnerships. They may not be admitted at all.

Some of the other countries of Europe the reich will rule openly as it is already ruling Poland.

Others it will rule through local puppet nazi regimes of the stripe of the Quisling party in Norway and the Mussert bund in Holland

The nazis will make this nev Europe into a single, regional econ omy.

Germany will have a monopoly, or a virtual monopoly, of finance, trade, shipping, heavy industry, the manufacture (and bearing) of arms, and of the press, the radio and all communications.

Centered in Berlin

The roads and railways of the continent will be centered and controlled from Berlin.

There will be no use for gold in this regional economy unless and until the nazis might get some of it from somewhere else.

Pending such a time, the German mark will be the dominating corrency, at a rate of exchange against other currencies fixed, naturally, by the nazis.

Customs unions will be set up with such of the countries of Europe as have standards of living higher than that which previously obtained in the reich.

This, will naturally cause the higher standards to sink to that in Germany Price levels will be manipulated so as to adjust the levels the nazis consider desirable. The German standard will, of course, be the highest.

Role of Other Nations.

The other nations of the continent will be "reconstructed" into colonies for the reich. They will provide raw materials, markets, a cheap labor supply, army, navy and air bases, and good governing jobs for the nazis.

Enormous numbers of workmen will be shipped into Germany from these countries, some to do seasonal work and some for indefinite periods.

This will have the extra advantage, from the nazi point of view, that the men of the subject peoples will be separated from the women for long periods of time, which will serve to break up families and reduce the birth rate outside the reich.

The economic bloc which the nazis will create out of all Europe will trade as a single unit with all the rest of the world.

Nazi agents will go into world markets to buy and sell in the name of the entire continent, with all its power both to buy and to sell.

At the same time, the nazis will refuse to do business with any other regional economic bloc.

It will decline, for example, to buy from or sell to any Latin American bloc, to say nothing of any bloc, including both Latin America and the United States.

Each individual firm, in the rest of the world, in other words, will have to bargain with the combined, united buying and selling power of all Europe, wielded by the nazis.

And the nazis will also have the military and political power to force Europe to deal this way whereas no other power on earth can force another continent to accept the privations and the regimentation necessary to do so.

"After the victorious conclusion of the war, we shall use the same methods In economic policy that have brought about the great economic successes of the prewar period, and more particularly those of the war itself," Dr. Walther Funk, nazi president of the reichsbank and minister of economics, has publicly stated.

Nobody could ask for a fairer

warring.

Morally, religiously, socially and politically, Europe will also be forged into a single bloc, equally nazi in character.

Jews will be rounded up, and on a half-hour or 45-minute notice, loaded into trains and shipped off to concentration cames.

Later, the survivors will all be sent to whatever "reservation" the nazis finally decide to set up all six million of Europe's Jews

All others whom the nazis dislike or distrust, or whose property or wives or daughters they want for themselves, will also be liquidated in whatever ways seem most efficient and most entertaining to the nazis in charge of this mission:

Liberals, pastors, recalcitrant pastors, labor union leaders, bank presidents, the personal enemies of individual nazis, and scores of other categories of the unreconstructed or the happy.

The swastika will gradually replace the cross of Europe's churches, both literally and figuratively, as it has been doing in Germany's own churches for almost cight wars.

Christianity Will Go

Christianity, as the world now knows it, will go into those modern catacombs, the concentration camps, on the conlinent.

Labor unions and employers' and manufacturers' associations alike will, of course, disappear. In their places, the nazis will set up labor fronts run by party agents.

Business men will suffer at least as much as labor, as they always do under fascist rule.

For some time labor will at least have jobs at existence wages, which is all that millions of workmen ever had

But capital will lose not only its freedom, but also its wealth. It will be too late when this happens, however, for the business men to do anything about it.

Regimentation will be applied to all Europe on lines essentially the same as those on which it has already been made effective in Germany.

Nazis Will Decide

The nazis will decide everythin for everybody.

The nazi Europe will, of course, rule Africa as well. It will also rule the near east and reach into the middle east.

Japan will control the Far East; the Germans and possibly the Itallans will inherit a small part of the positions the white race has won in the remote Pacific.

The other white peoples will be evicted.

The power of this alliance will be staggering.

"Nazis Prepare Blueprint Of All World Enslaved ... Later, the survivors will all be sent to whatever "reservation" the Nazis finally decide to set up—all six million of Europe's Jews."

"Rabbi Wise warned that the world must not become weary of hearing of the plight of the Jews, adding that while only 6,000,000 of 150,000,000 person captive to Adolf Hitler are Jews, their suffering must be of concern to the whole world …"

The Milwaukee Journal (WI), September 22, 1941, page 6.

teen THE JEWISH CRITER

November 28 194

6,000,000 Jews in Europe Look to America for Aid, Says Warburg

Fully six million Jews in Europe, facing the rigors of a foodless and fuelless winter, look to American Jews as the only source of help, Edward M. M. Warburg, of New York, chairman of the Joint Distribution Committee, declared in a recent interview.

"The J.D.C. is maintaining major relief programs in Poland, Germany, France and 17 other European countries." Mr. Warburg said. "In Poland, though its available funds are far too meagre to meet the terrible needs, the J.D.C. supports a wide-spread network of feeding stations, child care centers, health institutions and other agencies of mercy. In Germany, Austria and former Czechoslovakia, J.D.C. aid is reaching 195,000 of the remaining 375,000 Jews, In unoccupied France, the J.D.C. is supplying supplementary food, clothing and medical aid for 16,000 refugees in the crude, primitive interment camps, assisting 15,000 people who are not interned, but who are barred from earning a living, and caring for 5,000 refuge children."

"In addition to its work in Europe,"
Mr. Warburg added, "the J.D.C. extends its humanitarian help to needy
lews in South and Central America
and such far-flung places as Shanghai, where there are 22,000 refugees,
the Island of Maurittus in the Indian
Ocean, Mozambique, East Africa,
Browney and the Dutch East Tudies."

In 17 Latin American countries
Mr. Warburg revealed, 110,000 refu
gees have immigrated in past years
The J.D.C. is carrying on programs
of temporary sid for needy newcome\nera, resettlement, retraining for new
occupations, and credits and small
loans to enable the immigrants it

establish themselves in new enter-

"The J.D.C. long ago recognized the importance of Latin American countries as an asylum for persecuted people," Mr. Warburg said, "and it is earmarking all possible funds for help there," One of the by-products of J.D.C. work in Latin America, Mr. Warburg added, is forestalling agitation by the Nazis who would utilize the pretext of refuge destitution to stir up trouble in these countries neighboring the United States.

In describing the work of the JD.C., Mr. Warburg told the dramatic story of the race against time in which the J.D.C. has been engaged in the past few months to rescue through emigration thousands of refugees stranded in Europe and Africa. These refugees possessed visas for the United States or Latin American countries, he said, but had no immediate prospect of obtaining a berth on the crowded ships going overseas and were faced with a slow doom as their visas were about to expire. To evacuate them, the J.D.C. arranged for boats to pick them up before the visas lapsed.

"From the beginning of July through November 15," Mr. Warburg said, "the J.D.C. helped more than 6 900 people to come to the United States and about 3,000 more to Central and South America."

Typical of J.D.C, achievements in rescuing refugees, he said, was its success in arranging with the Netherlands Government-in-exile for admission to the Island of Curacao is the West Indies of 80 passenger aboard the steamship Cabo De Hornos, who had been turned away from Brazil, and, after many heart

breaking experiences were being shipped back to Europe.

The J.D.C. is also devoting substantial sums to finance vocational training of refugees in Europe for emigration to Palestine and to pay for their transportation, Mr. Warburg pointed out, Recently, he related, the Jewish Agency reporter that 4.250 Jews escaped to Palestine from Europe via Turkey in 12 months and thanked the J.D.C. for making this possible.

"In all its operations in Nazi and Nazi-dominated territories, the JDC gives no aid whatever to the Nazi-economy," Mr. Warburg declared, "If finances its program in these territories through clearance arrangements, Under these arrangements dollars are held by the JDC, outside Axis territory to pay for transportation or other purposes, and equivalent amounts in local currencles are mad available in the various Axis countries. Furthermore, the JDC, ships os supplies from America and therefore does not violate the British blockade."

"The margin between life and death, hope and despair for masses of Jews in Europe," Mr. Warburg added, "is determined only by the generosity of American Jews in supporting the United Jewish Appeal for Refugees, Overseas Needs and Palestine, of which the J.D.C. is a constituent agency."

B'nai B'rith Reaching Membership Goal

A dinner meeting of the B'nai B'rith Pittsburgh Lodge No. 44 Membership Committee was held on Thursday, November 20, in the Y. M. and W. H. A. dining room. The guest speaker was Abram Orlow of Phila-

Myer Mondell
delphia, third vice president of Grane
Lodge District No. 3. Reports made
by the 40 members present showed
that a total of 363 new members had
been obtained.

Joseph Porter, chairman of the committee, and his six group leaders, Emanuel Spector, Herman Fineberg, A. J. Epstein, Myer Mondell, Harry P. Letwin and Nathan Wasserman urged their workers to double their efforts in order to go beyond the goal of 550 new members.

A social and report meeting was scheduled for Tuesday evening, November 25, in the Y. M. and W. H. A. dining room.

Faicom Club

The Falcom Club of the Y. M. and W. H. A. is planning an unusual informative type of entertainment in observance of Thanksgiving. Miss Ella Stone, the President and Mrs. Miriam Breen the participants, scheduled on the program, will explain the significance and the origin of the holiday.

Dinner Planned for Haifa

The Pittsburgh Chapter of the American Society for the Advance ment of the Hebrew Institute of Tech nology in Haifa, Palestine, will launch

Charles Rosenbloom

a campaign for its support December 4 at the Second Annual Dinner in Webster Hall Hotel.

Charles J. Rosenbloom, a national

The principal speaker will be Dr. Shlomo Bardin, Founder and Principal, Technical High School in Haifa.

The Institute is the main source of technical training and research in Palestine.

With the dislocation of the European economy over the last few years, the Haifa Institute, heretofore self-supporting, finds itself cut from its normal revenue and must look for help to carry on. It is to effectuate that help that the American Society for the Advancemen of the Hebrew institute of Technology of Haifa was organized last year,

Irene Kaufmann Settlement Three One Act Plays To Be Presented By the Irene Kaufmann Settlement

The Irene Kaufmann Settlement Players and the Young Players Guild will present a program of one act plays Sunday evening, November 30, at 8:30 o'clock in the evening in the Theresa L. Kaufmann Auditorium

Tap Dancing Class For Boys At the

The Dancing Department of the Irene Kaufmann Settlement, in response to a consistent demand, has organized a boys' tap dancing class to be directed by Miss Gertrude Bales. The group will meet Friday evenings at 7 o'clock, No training is required as the tap dancing class is announced for beginners.

Forum Announces Subjects For Discussion

Beginning Thursday evening, December 4, a week after Thanksgivingthe Iren Kaufmann Settlement
Forum will resume its activities, The
following subjects will be discussed:
Labor's Dilemma — What Price Food
— Social Hygiene — Books the
Nazi's Burned — Canada At War
Radio and National Crisis — Health

Prominent speakers are being scheduled to lead the various topics constituting the Forum. All meetings are to be held in the Lounge — Mr. Al Dobrof is in charge of the Forum Program,

"6,000,000 Jews in Europe Look to America for Aid, Says Warburg. Fully six

ALLAN G. FIELD

They Didn't Listen To Us

DO YOU THINK the world would be in the mess it is, if the voice of Israel crying for justice to civilized mankind would have been listened to back in 1933, when Hitler started to spread terror and doom among German Jewry? I firmly believe that, if England, America and France had at that time taken steps and reprisals against Nazi Germany steeped in medicval barbarism, it would not have come to World War II.

It is unfortunate that even now, at the end of 1941, more than two years after the nazis started the war by invading Poland in September 1939, dyed-in-the-wool American statesmen and our outstanding papers still have not realized that the nazi assault upon civilization did not start in 1939 but in 1933.

An apt illustration of the muddled thought which prevails on this matter is offered by "Topics of the Times," a column on the editorial page of the "New York Times" which I have been reading and enjoying for many years. "Topics of the Times" of November 2, comments on the first installment of former President Hoover's memoirs of the Paris Peace Conference, which are now published in the "Saturday Evening Post." Remarking on the fact that Mr. Hoover's manuscript was readied six years ago, and the editor's remark that since these chapters were written before the present war "the point of view is unaltered by present events," the anonymous writer of "Topics of the Times" observes:

"Is it wholly to Mr. Hoover's credit that his point of view is the same as it was six years ago? . . . Six years ago Mr. Hoover, with the rest of the world, did not have to take into account a present event named Hitler" (Italics by A. G. F.).

Six years ago, we wrote the year 1935. . . . It was two years after Hitler and his henchmen had come to power. Two years that Jews and liberals were beaten to death in the torture chambers of the Gestapo, two years of concentration camps, two years of Jewish children being forced to sit on "Jew benches" and endure the malicious saddism of their "Aryan" fellows and teachers. In 1935 men like Albert Einstein, Lion Feuchtwanger, Thomas Mann and countless Jewish scientists and writers had already been compelled to flee from nazi Germany, leaving behind their manuscripts and possessions and thanking God for having escaped with their lives.

In 1935 Jewish leaders in this country and Europe had been reiterating and sounding the warning for over two years that Hitler's assault upon and furious persecuthe Jews in their realms. In vain... Not one government protested or criticized the nazis for what they were doing to the Jews. Those who are now touched to their very depths by the tragedy of the raped and outraged democracies and by the sufferings and tribulations of their unhappy populations were either too busy or too unconcerned about the whole matter to do something to help the tortured Jews under Hitler's knout. On that terrible black day of November 10, 1938, when the nazis let loose one of the most destructive and bloody pogroms on record, there was hardly a ripple on the calm sea of public opinion of the democracies. Not one government protested against the slaughter of hundreds upon hundreds of innocent German-Jewish hostages that were, not shot, but beaten to death, tortured to death, slowly and with bestial saddism, in retaliation for the assassination of the nazi Von Radt by a Jewish boy named Hershel Grynspan.

America is aroused by the shooting of French and other hostages, and justly so. Even the President has voiced his condemnation of this barbarism, and we are proud he did. Yet we cannot belp remembering that save for a few voices crying in the wilderness, there was no sound when thousands upon thousands of Jews were punished for the rash, and so understandable act, of a Jewish boy.

About a year and a half ago the British Governmen published documentary proof for the atrocities committee in nazi concentration camps since 1933. The publication of this shocking record proved, as it was meant to be effective in swaying public opinion in this country against the "Huns." It is clear that the British Government did no procure the documentary proof of nazi bestiality at the time of publication but several years before. Why, then was this record locked away in the secret diplomatic files:

Is Jewish blood not as warm and red as the blood of other men innocently murdered? To quote Shakespeare "If you prick us, do we not bleed? . . . If you poison us, do we not die?"

Now, too, the unspeakable tragedy of almost six million Jews under nazi domination is not considered sufficiently important to be discussed. The famous Roosevelt-Churchill "Eight Points" promise restoration to all those robbed and raped by the nazis—except the Jews. They are, as always, the forgotten first and most tragic victim.

Neither does the writer of "Topics of the Times" apparently regard the atrocities committed against the Jews as proof of nazi bestiality. Discussing the "atrocity lies"

"Now, too, the unspeakable tragedy of almost six million Jews under nazi domination is not considered sufficiently important to be discussed."

They Didn't Listen to Us by Allan G. Field. The Jewish Spectator (NY), Vol.7 No.2, December 1941. The Jewish Spectator Volume 7, 1942, page 53.

GERMAN HORROR CRIMES; ALLIES PROMISE JUSTICE

L ONDON, Dec. 18 (A.A.P.).—Statements issued simultaneously in London, Washington, and Moscow, told of German barbarity, and of proof of the Nazi determination to exterminate Jews.

The British Foreign Secretary (Mr. Eden), who read the joint Allied declaration in the House of Commons, said: "The Allied Governments once more confirm their firm intention that those responsible will not escape just retribution.

The Allied Governments intend to take all the steps in their power to expedite achievement of this object."

Arrangements are being made to broadcast the declaration throughout Europe and through Moscow and Washington.

There is no doubt in London that Hitler's decision to exterminate the Jews is linked with a food shortage, in addition to his longstanding hostility towards them.

It is estimated that there are between five militon and six million Jews in Occupied Europe, and this figure is the gap which Hitler must close to enable maintenance

Goering, in his last broadcast declared: "Whoever starves, it won't be the Germans." Nazi Slaughter House

In the declaration, Mr. Energand: "The German authorities, not content with denying to persons of the Jewish race in all territories over which their barbarous rule has been extended the most elementary human rights are now carrying the effect of Hiller's off-tepeated intention to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe."

The declaration added that Jews were being transported from all the occupied countries in conditions of appailing horror and brutality to Eastern Europe

In Poland, which had been made the principal Nazi slaughter house, the ghettos which the German invaders established were being systematically emptied of all Jews except a few highly-skilled workers required for war industries.

"None of those taken away has ever been heard of again." the declaration continued. "Ablebodied men were slowly worked to death in labour camps, while infirm people were left to die of exposure or starvation, or deliberately massacred in mass executions.

"The number of victims of these bloody crucities are reckoned in many hundreds of thousands of entirely innocent men, women, and children.

"GERMAN HORROR CRIMES; ALLIES PROMISE JUSTICE. Statements issued simultaneously in London, Washington and Moscow, told at German barbarity and of proof of the Nazi determination to exterminate Jews. ... Hitler's decision to exterminate the Jews ... It is estimated that there are between five and six million Jews in Occupied Europe ... Nazi Slaughter House. ... Hitler's oft-repeated intention to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe."

Days Of Peril For Jews; Diabolical Plans Of Nazis To Be Enforced

LONDON, December 22.—Within the next 10 days the diabolical German objective of exterminating all Jews remaining in Nazi-dominated Europe may be achieved.

This terrible ending to Hitler's mass murder campaign was forecast at a meeting of Jews of all nations in London today by Mr. S. S. Silverman, Labor member of the House of Commons, who appealed to the British Government to inform Germany before it was too late that Britain would take all unwanted Jews.

Mr. Silverman suggested that Australia and Canada could each

free world where they could go," he said. "What would five or six million Jews be to countries like Canada, Australia, and South America. In this most tragic moment in Jewish history is it too much to ask that there should be some place where Jewish history, culture, and ideals shall be free?"

Lord Nathan also addressed the meeting, which ended a week of prayer and fasting, with the solemn words, "I believe that the vast bulk of the Jews in Nazi-dominated Europe

As many men in the andience granned with despair and women dressed in black openly cried. Lord Nathan declared that Turkey was the only country in the world which was capable of rendering effective assistance.

"Turkey should be encouraged to receive every Jew escaping, and should receive assurances that it would not have to bear the cost of maintaining them." he said

It is understood that all practical measures to relieve the sufferings of the Jews in occupied Europe, especially the provision of an asylum for escapees, is receiving the urgent attention of the United Nations.

Geographical transport difficulties at present provide what is apparently an insurmountable obstacle to full-scale attempts to rescue the Jews.

The Jewish Congress declares that 2,000,000 Jews have been exterminated so far.

"Mr. Silverman suggested that Australia and Canada could each absorb 6,000,000 Jews. ... MOST ARE DOOMED ... The Jewish Congress declares that 2,000,000 Jews have been exterminated so far."

"Of the six million Jews or so who were living at the outbreak of the war in what is at present Nazi-occupied Europe, a high proportion—between one and two million—have been deliberately murdered by the Nazis and their satellites. ... Unless something effective is done, within a very few months these six million Jews will all be dead,"

Let My People Go, a pamphlet written on Christmas Day, 1942, in London by British Jewish publisher Victor Gollancz. It appeared in: The Massacre of a People: What the Democracies Can Do. New York: Jewish Frontier Association. p.22. 1943.

No.171, January 1943

William Temple Archbishop of Canterbury

Cyril Forster Garbett Archbishop of York

Charles Alfred Howell Green Archbishop of Wales

REFUGE FOR JEWS IN THE EMPIRE

BISHOPS' APPEAL TO THE GOVERNMENT

The Archbishops of Canterbury, York, and Wales have issued the following statement in the name of the whole Anglican Episcopate of the three Provinces:—

The Bishops of England and Wales have been profoundly stirred by the declaration made in both Houses of Parliament on behalf of his Majesty's Government on December 17, 1942, describing the barbarous and inhuman treatment to which the Jews' are being subjected in German-occupied Europe. They note that the number of victims of this policy of cold-blooded extermination is already reckoned in hundreds of thousands of entirely innocent men, women, and children.

They note further that the extermination already carried out is part of the carrying into effect of Hitler's oft-repeated intention to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe, which means in effect the extermination of some 6,000,000 persons in the territories over which Hitler's rule has been extended.

The Bishops of England and Wales declare that the sufferings of these millions of Jews and their condemnation, failing immediate rescue, to a cruel and certain death, constitute an appeal to humanity which it is impossible to resist. They believe that it is the duty of civilized nations, whether neutral or allied, to lize themselves to the utmost possible extent to provide a sanctuary for these victims.

They therefore urge the Government of the United Kingdom to give a lead to the world by declaring its readiness, in consultation with the Dominion Governments, to cooperate with the Governments of the united and neutral nations in finding an immediate refuge in territories within the British Empire as well as elsewhere for all persons threatened with massacre who can escape from Axis lands, or for those who have already escaped to neighbouring neutral countries and can make room for other fugitives to take their places.

In January 1943, the leaders of the Church of England issued a statement which, unfortunately, I've not been able to track down. But it was mentioned in The Times of London, January 25, 1943.

"They note further that the extermination already carried out is part of the Carrying into effect of Hitler's oft-repeated intention to exterminate the Jewish people in Europe, which means in effect the extermination of some 6,000,000 persons in the territories over which Hitler's rule has been extended."

The same day The Times printed their article, an Australian newspaper claimed to quote verbatim from the Church of England's statement.

"The statements declares: "The Bishops of Britain and Wales are profoundly stirred by the Parliamentary declarations describing the barbarous and inhuman treatment to which Jews are being subjected as part of Hitler's plan to exterminate six million Jews in occupied Europe.""

The Canberra Times, January 25, 1943, page 2.

The statement from the Church of England was mentioned in a Canadian Jewish newspaper also:

"... Hitler really intended to exterminate 6,000,000 more human beings."

The Canadian Jewish Review, January 29, 1943, page 1.

"A PROPOSAL TO SAVE THE JEWS ... Some six million lives remained in imminent peril."

The Manchester Guardian (UK), January 27, 1943, page 4.

The letter to The Manchester Guardian, was written by Samuel Sydney Silverman (1895 - 1968) a Jew, a Zionist, and a British Member of Parliament.

No.173, February 1943

THE EXTERMINATION OF THE JEWS

1. REMEMBER US!

BY BEN HECHT

When the time comes to make peace, the men of many countries will sit around the table of judgment. The eyes of the German delegates will look into the eyes of Englishmen, Americans, Russians, Czechs, Poles, Greeks, Norwegians, Belgians, Frenchmen and Dutchmen. All the victims of the German adventure will be there to pass sentence — all but one. Absent from the table of judgment will be the lew.

There are two reasons for this.

First is the fact that the Jews have only one unity — that of the target. They have lived in the world as a scattered and diverse folk who paid homage to many cultures, many ideologies, and called many flags their own. They had little in common but the Germans' rage against them. The pogrom restores their unity. The Germans have animated the myth of the Jewish menace beyond any of their predecessors and tried to prove their case by presenting the world with a larger pile of Jewish corpses than has ever before been introduced into the ancient argument. Despite this unity of death given the Jews, there will be no nation to represent them at the judgment table. There will be no one from the many weets they death in which for many weets they death in accord.

The second reason why they will not be represented at the peace conclave is an even more practical one. Outside the borders of Russia, there will not be enough Jews left in Europe to profit by representation were it given them. They will have been reduced from a minority to a phantom. There will be no representatives to make demands in behalf of the three million Jews who once lived in Poland, or of the nine hundred thousand who once lived in Rumania, or of the nine hundred thousand who once lived in Germany, or of the 750,000 who once lived in Hungary, or of the 150,000 who once lived in Czechoslovakia, or of the four hundred thousand who once lived in France, Holland and Belgium.

Of these six million Jews, almost a third have already been massacred by Germans, Rumanians and Hungarians and the most conservative of the scorekeepers estimate that before the war ends at least another third will have been done to death. These totals will not include Jews who died in the brief battles of the German blitzes. Nor will they include those who figured in the casualty lists of the Russians. Of the three million Jews in Russia, more than seven hundred thousand have entered the Soviet armies and fought and bled on all the valorous battlefields of the Muscovites. These are the lucky Jews of Europe and are not to be counted in the tale of their nightmare.

In the hearts of the millions who were hanged, burned or shot, there was no dream of representation and no hope. They did not die dreaming, like the valorous Greeks, Dutchmen, Frenchmen and Czechs, of abasements to be avenged and homelands to be restored. These great sustaining powers in the human soul are unknown to the Jews. When they die in massacre, they look toward no tomorrow to bring their children happiness and their enemies disaster. They cannot gather strength out of any terrestrial past or future. For it is the whim of history, known to the Jews of Europe, that no homeland is ever theirs, no matter how long they live in it, how well they serve it or how many of its songs they learn to sign!

¹ In proportion to their numbers, there were more Jews who died in the first World War defending the Kaiser's Germany than there were Germans. The Jewish Soldier Cemetery outside Berlin, unless it has been plowed up and turned into a concentration of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of the second property of

When the plans for the new world are being threshed out at the peace conference, when the sentences are being passed and the guilt fixed and the plums distributed, there will be nothing for the Jews of Europe to say to the delegates around the judgment table but the faint, sad phrase, "Remember us!"

They will have only one political

statement to offer and that will be that the manner of their dying must remain one of the measures of the German soul

There will be wagon loads of savants on both sides, of economists, of metaphysicians, philosophers and financiers to plot the remaking of a world. The dead of many lands will speak for justice, but the Jew alone will have no one to speak for him. His voice will remain outside the hall of judgment, to be heard only when the window is opened and the sad, faint cry drifts in—

"Remember us! In the town of Freiburg in the Black Forest, two hundred of us were hanged and left dangling out of our kitchen windows to watch our synagogue burn and our rabbi flogged to death. In Mannheim and Hindenburg, the Germans drove us all into our burning churches where we knelt and prayed and died while they sang their German song outside.

Break the skulls of all the Jews And future glory win. Proudly will our banners fly out of the flames, they turned machine guns on us. They seized our women and undressed them and made them run naked through the market place before their whips. All of us were killed before our

"Remember us in Wloclawek, Here also the Germans came when we were at worship. The Germans tore the prayer shawls from our heads. Under whips and bayonets, they made us use our prayer shawls as mops to clean out German latrines. We were all dead when the

"In Mogielnica, in Brzeziny, in Wengrow and in many such places where we lived obeying the law, studying to be wise, working for our bread and offering harm to no one, there also the Germans came with their bayonets and torches, debasing us first and then killing us slowly so they might longer enjoy the massacres.

"In Lublin, five hundred of our women and children were led to the market place and stood against the vegetable stalls they knew so well. Here the Germans turned Bukhovina. There were more of us than that killed in Minsk. We hung from windows and burned in basements and were beaten to death in the market place and this was a time of great celebration for the Germans. Remember us!

"Remember us who were put in the freight trains that left France, Holland and Belgium and who rode standing up to the east. We died standing up for there was no food or air or water. Of the twenty thousand whomade that trip, only a few hundred were taken alive from the boxcars. These were sent to Transnistria and in Transnistria we all died of hunger slowly and under the watchful eyes of the Germans

"In Kiev no Jew young or old was left alive. We fill the waters of the Dnieper today with our bodies. There are thousands of us in the waters. And for a long time to come, no one will be able to drink from that river or to swim in it. For we are still there. And this, too, is held against us, that we have poisoned the waters of the Dnieper with our dead bodies.

"Remember us who were in the Ukraine. Here the Germans grew angry with us because we were costing them too much time and to know that we were robbing the Germans of their sport."

These are only a few of the voices There are many more and there will be more millions.

When the German delegates sit at the peace table with their monocles restored to their pale eyes, no one or survivors or representatives of these myriad dead will be inside the hall to speak for them. And by that time, it will be seen that the lews are Jews only when they fall under German rifle butts, before German motor lorries and hang from German belts out of their kitchen windows. It will be seen that the Jews are Jews only when they stand up for the hour of extermination. Once dead, it will be seen that they are left without a government to speak for their twenging and that there is no banter to fly in their tomorrow.

Only this that I write — and al the narratives like it that wil be written — will be their voice that may drift in through the opened window of the judgment hall.

Outside

GERMANY

Inside

"In the town of Szczucin in Poland on the morning of September 23rd, which was the Day set aside for our Atonement, we were all in our synagogues praying God to forgive us. All our village was there, our bakers, millers, harness-makers, our students, wives, mothers and sisters and every child that was oldenough to pronounce the name of God. Above our prayers we heard the sound of the motor lorries. They stopped in front of our synagogue. The Germans tumbled out of them, torches in hand. The Ger-

all. But this was not as bad as in other places, for here we died quickly.

"In Warsaw, in the year 1941, we kept count and at the end of twelve months 72,279 of us had died. Most of us were shot but there were thousands of us who were whipped and bayoneted to death on the more serious charge of having been caught praying to God for deliverance.

"In the seven months after June 1941, there were sixty thousand of us massacred in Bessarabia and

"Of these six million Jews, almost a third have already been massacred by Germans, Rumanians and Hungarians and the most conservative of scorekeepers estimate that before the war ends at least another third will have been done to death."

The American Mercury, February 1943, pages 194-199.

Ben Hecht was a Jewish Hollywood screenwriter, who proudly admitted that he worked on the "Irgun propagandist committees." Irgun were of course a Zionist terrorist group who murdered thousands, if not tens-of-thousands of people. A condensed version of this article appeared in The Readers' Digest, February 1943 edition, and the Lowell Sun (MA), January 26, 1943, page 9.

"Suddenly, during the summer of 1942, world public opinion was shocked out of its lethargy by the realization that the Nazis had decreed the complete extinction of six million Jews and that a third of the victims had already perished."

The Passion of a People: Anno MCMXLII (1942) by Zachariah Shuster. Contemporary Jewish Record, Volume 6, Number 1, February 1943. Contemporary Jewish Record, Volume 6. 1943. New York: American Jewish Committee. P.24.

"There are some who hold that Hitler's set purpose is the extermination of the Jews in Occupied Europe, numbering about six millions. ... We can neither accommodate six million Jews here nor dictate the attitude of other Governments."

Western Morning News (Devon, UK), February 5, 1943, page 2.

"Two millions of Jews have already been done to death. Six millions in mid-Europe are sentenced to die."

The Canadian Jewish Review, March 14, 1943, page 8.

This article was written by Lithuanian born Rabbi Dr. Harry J. Stern (1897 - 1984), this is the first of his four appearances in our list.

Gives Background Picture Of Nazis From Experience

Wallace Deuel, Former Berlin Correspondent, Is Final Speaker on Forum Course Here

More questions were asked following Wallace R, Deuel's lecture last night at Allegany High School Auditorium than at any previous Community Forum lecture of the current season, and the address by this long-time Berlin correspondent of the Chicago Daily News provided much that was interesting and some background material that is really new. He was introduced by F. Perry Smith, chairman of the Forum committee.

Mr. Deuel said the Nazl military

a break in the morale of the German people; the resources and power of the United States; and war on two fronts at the same time. In elaborating on the latter, the lecturer declared that while the Nazis tried hard to avoid two-front warfare, they are prepared for it if it has to be faced. He also said that German morale was not so much affected by U. S. entry into the war as might have been expected, because the Japanese scored so many early victories against this country.

Plan Complete Destruction

The Nazis set out in the beginning to destroy whole peoples. They expected to obliterate from the earth not less than 6,000,000 Jews as a beginning. They also planned to uproot millions more and use them as subjects akin to slaves.

They began this program years ago with a plan of diplomatic warfare, economic warfare, psychological warfare and finally actual military warfare.

He discredited claims of "German secret weapons". The speaker explained how the Germans broke through French fortifications, such as the Maginot line. He said they had built replicas of the fortifications and practiced attacking them daily. Plans had been obtained by their intelligence service which for years has been the best in the world.

Their propaganda machine works on a theory of divide and conquer, Deuel continued. They also play on false optimism and on fear,

Many Personal Experiences
"It is part of their plan", Deuclitold his listeners, "to create false hopes, demoralize individuals, stim initiative, arouse phoney optimism and inspire fear".

Mr. Deuel told numerous stories of personal experiences with leading Nazi officials, and expressed pride in the fact that he was recently included in a list of the 10 Americans most hated by the Nazis. He said there might be a breakdown in German morale, but that the war would have to be fought on German soll before the horror of it is really brought home to that nation.

"The Nazis set out in the beginning to destroy whole peoples. They expected to obliterate from the earth not less than 6,000,000 Jews as a beginning."

The Cumberland Evening Times (MD), March 23, 1943, page 1.

The above is a quote is from Wallace R. Deuel (supposedly a non-Jew 1), this photo of him appeared on the cover of The Saturday Review of Literature (Feb 7, 1942). He was a Chicago-born political scientist who worked at the American University in Beirut between 1916 - 1929, and from 1934 - 1941 was a correspondent in Berlin for the Chicago Daily News 2 (so was surely a fluent German speaker). He wrote anti-German books 3, many anti-German newspaper articles 4, anti-German radio plays 5, and

even advised Walt Disney on anti-German propaganda cartoons 6. In 1942 he joined the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) as special assistant to OSS's director William J. Donovan. From 1954 - 1968 Deuel held numerous senior positions in the CIA in which he oversaw propaganda, and he was also the CIA representative at the White House during the Kennedy administration. 7

Notes to No.:

• 1. Southwestern Jewish Press, November 18, 1949, page 3, Ida Nasatir book review—People Under Hitler by Wallace Deuel. http://sandiegojewishworld.com/louis\_rose\_historical/honorees/nasatir\_ida\_articles/1949-11-18-people\_under\_hitler.htm
• 2. Smith, W. Thomas. Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency. New York: Infobase Publishing. 2003. p.74
• 3. Hitler and Nazi Germany Uncensored (1941) a collection of Deule's articles for The Chicago Daily News. People Under Hitler, NY: Harcourt Brace & Co. (1942).
• 4. I made two searches for "William R. Deuel" and "William Deuel" on googlenews' archives. I found a huge number of articles by him, in many different newspapers.
• 5. WOR Thursday, May 20, 1943. 8-8:30: This is Our Enemy, play by Wallace Deuel. pdf copy of schedule:

http://www.jjonz.us/RadioLogs/pagesnfiles/logs\_files/1940s/1943/43\_05may/[n]43-05-20-(Thu).pdf

6. Smith, W. Thomas. Encyclopedia of the Central Intelligence Agency. New York: Infobase Publishing. 2003. p.74

7. Ibid. p.74

No.179, August 1943

"Two million Jews out of Europe's six million have already been slaughtered by the Nazis; most of the remainder seem doomed,"

The Canadian Jewish Review, August 13, 1943, page 8.

CHAPTER ?

"\$6,000,000 NEEDED FOR THE HOLY LAND"

"The cornerstone of the Knesset building was laid on 14 October, 1958, in the presence of the President of the State, Yitzhak Ben Zvi, and the widow of James de Rothschild, who donated six million Israeli Pounds towards the construction of the building. The stone may be seen in a small room under the speakers' podium in the plenum."

http://www.knesset.gov.il/tour/eng/tour6.htm

In this chapter I have reproduced just a small percentage of the articles and adverts that I or others have found in the American press, of several separate Jewish campaigns to raise \$6,000,000, and donations of \$6,000,000 to Jewish or Zionist causes.

No.180, September 1919

JEWS EXPECT DRIVE TO PASS \$10,000,000

Industries and Professions
Pledge \$6,000,000 for Philanthropic Building Fund.

BOY LAYS THE CORNERSTONE

Guest's at Opening Dinner Cheer Orphan from Asylum Who Starts the Proceedings.

The \$10,000,000 United Building Fund Campaign for the Jewish phlianthropies of New York was launched last night at a dinner at the Hotel Commodore with pledges by the various trades, industries, and professions to raise \$5,000,000 had already been contributed by individual donors. The leaders of the occupational groups arose from time to time during the evening to announce that the quotas assigned to them had been found too low and that they wanted higher figures set as their goals.

From the reports which the leaders handed in it was predicted by those in charge of the drive that not only would the \$10,000,000 mark be reached in the one week which is allotted to the drive, but that it would be exceeded. Never before has such a large amount been raised in such a short time for philanthropic building purposes. The proceeds will be apportioned among twentynine health, educational, and recreational institutions in accordance with the

needs of the communities which they serve.

The dinner was opened with the laying of the cornerstone of a miniature brick building erected in the grand ball room of the hotel. A chubby little boy from the Hebrew Orphan Asylum performed the ceremony to the applause of the 500 persons present, and as a reward for his first job in the building industry he was presented with a union card by Michael Bowman, a representative of the Bricklayers' Union. I. Edwin Goldwasser, Executive Secretary of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies, then explained with the help of stereopticon views the straits in which the associated institutions had found themselves at the end of the war, owing to the cessation of building activities resulting from the restrictions placed upon the trade by the Government. He told of hospitals compelled to use sun-parlors improvised on fire escapes, of dispensary patients berded in basement waiting rooms, of buildings closed by the Fire Department because of the danger involved in their use, and finally of those Jewish men, women and children who were barred from the enjoyment of the facilities of the institution through a sheer lack of adequate provision.

Purpose of the Drive.

Felix M. Warburg, President of the Federation, presided, and among the speakers were Louis Marshall, Lieut. Col. Paul Gibson, Louis J. Robertson, Chairman of the September Campaign, and Col. H. A. Guinzberg, Chairman of the General Committee. Individual reports were made from the floor by the Chairman of the trade committees.

In explaining the purposes of the drive and the benefits that would come from it. Mr. Warburg laid stress upon the co-operative spirit and unselfish attitude which had been displayed by the largest and smallest institutions concerned. "Despite the fact," he said, "that some institutions will get the

than they might have got if they had solicited funds individually, and others will get more, when the disadvantages of individual effort were made clear to them, they were all ready to abide by the decision of a central committee so that in the end the greatest good would be done to the greater number.

"This is the third stage L. the campaign. The Directors of the institutions have already made their contribution of more than \$3,000,000: The second stage was the obtaining of pledges from trade Chairmen. In the coming week you will all go out for the contributions of all the people. We really do not know how long the campaign will last for we shall never close our books until 100 per cent, are signed up."

Colonel Guinzberg told of several men of varied financial ability who had already continuted. Nathan Horheimer, he said, had given \$80,000, Louis Marshall, \$50,000, and another, Leon Goldrich, a man of moderate salary, had pledged out of that, \$250 a year for the next four years.

Some Large Contributions.

Other large contributions announced last night were those of Charles Kaye, \$35,000; Alfred Heinsheim, \$25,000; Sol J. Rosenbaum, \$20,000, and Colonel Guinzberg himself, \$2,500 for each million collected, his minimum contribution to be \$20,000. Jacob Rappaport announced that the cloak and suit trade had pledged itself to raise \$1,000.000 instead of the \$700,000 which was at first allotted to it.

Other large pledges were automobiles and sundries, \$110,000; bankers and brokers, \$1.500,000; cigars and cigarettes, \$120,000; department stores, \$120,000; dresses and waists, \$120,000; furs, \$400,000; jewelry manufactures, \$120,000; judges and lawyers, \$320,000; metals, \$750,000; moving pictures, \$150,000; real estate, \$150,000; retired business men, \$150,000; shirts, \$125,000; silks, \$340,000; woolens and worsteds, \$160,000. It was also announced that a telegram had been received from the furriers attending the auction in St. Louis that at a dinner held in that city

The New York Times

Published: September 15, 1919 Copyright © The New York Times

"JEWS EXPECT DRIVE TO PASS \$10,000,000 Industries and Professions Pledge \$6,000,000 for Philanthropic Building Fund."

The New York Times, September 15, 1919.

No.181, June 1923

"GETS \$6,000,000 FUND TO BUILD PALESTINE;"

The New York Times, June 19, 1923.

No.182, December 1924

"\$6,000,000 IS GIVEN TO AID THE HOLY LAND;"

The New York Times, December 8, 1924.

"Greater New York's share of this amount is SIX MILLION DOLLARS UNITED JEWISH CAMPAIGN of NEW YORK"

"In Heaven's Name, Arouse the Jews of America! New York's Quota: \$6,000,000 United Jewish Campaign of New York"

No.186, March/April 1926

In April 1926 The United Jewish Campaign Committee launched a drive to raise \$6,000,000 in New York City. Below I've reproduced just four stories from the New York Times' archive, which was just a tiny percentage of the stories they published which mention the figure of \$6,000,000 in relation to this campaign. I performed a search in their online archive for "\$6,000,000 Jewish campaign", restricting the search to just 1926. It returned a result of 69 separate articles.

"In Heaven's Name, Arouse the Jews of America! New York's Quota: \$6,000,000 United Jewish Campaign of New York"

"SIX MILLION DOLLARS ... United Jewish Campaign of New York"

Writing the first draft of Jewish history since 1917

MAY 18, 1926

United Jewish Campaign in New York Approaches \$6,000,000 Goal

DRIVE WILL BE EXTENDED ON SUGGESTION OF LOUIS MARSHALL; EFFOR'
WILL BE MADE TO EXCEED QUOTA; TOTAL SUM ALREADY OBTAINED
LAGGEST EVER RAISED FROM JEWS OF NEW YORK

Nearly \$6,000,000 was raised in New York toward the \$25,000,000 United Jewish Campaign, it was announced at a rally of 1,500 workers Monday night. It was decided to extend the campaign in New York until the entire \$6,000,000 is secured. Acting Chairman David M. Bressler announced that the total had reached \$5,761,000, an increase of over a half million dollars since the last workers' rally on Thursday. The additional \$239,000 and more, Mr. Bressler declared, would be raised by next Monday, when the local campaign will be concluded. Hundreds of workers announced their willingness to go on for at least another week. Mr. Bressler pointed out that notwithstanding that only a small proportion of New York's Jewry had been approached to contribute to the drive, a larger sum of money has been raised than ever before in any single Jewish phillanthropic campaign in New York.

Enthusiasm ran high at the rally. Chairmen of several trades, who had hitherto failed to reach their quotas, declared that the extension of the campaign would permit their trades to pass the amounts assigned to them, while other workers who had already reported completion of their quota expressed confidence that they would raise additional support.

The motion to extend the campaign another week, to give the various divisions the needed time to make up the amounts still needed to fill their respective quotas, was made by Louis Marshall, honorary chairman of the campaign, and seconded by Felix M. Warburg, also honorary chairman. The vote of the assembled workers was unanimously in favor.

In his speech presenting the motion, Mr. Marshall pointed to the decisive effect for the immediate destinies of the Jews of Poland of the overthrow of the old government and the possibilities of new political and social adjustments presented by the revolution now taking place in that country.

"I haven't the slightest doubt of the accuracy of what I am about to say, that as things have now shaped themselves in Poland the money we will be able to send there will do much more good than it could have done thirty days ago," Mr. Marshall said. "This is a time when ready money will talk and act and achieve results. We have no doubt now that the money we are raising will save lives but we will also do a more important thing. After these lives are saved we will be able to reconstruct the industries of the Jews in Poland so that they will be able to become self - supporting. That is and really has been our great object. I have never had a moment's doubt that we could do it, but now I am assured that our work will be greatly facilitated by the historic events of the last few days. I have never had any doubt of another thing, however much some people have stated otherwise, and that is, that the heart of the Jews of New York City is in the right place. It is said that the lion of Judea slumbers, but when he awakens he is ready for business and I think if we go on as we have gone on in this campaign, and enable people to visualize the terrible conditions that prevail in Europe, and what we are trying to do to help, that the Jews of New York, who have never been found wanting, will not be found wanting now." he stated.

"It is no doubt true that we have fewer contributions than we have had in previous campaigns, but those contributions have risen to the occasion and have given ar average amount which has never been equalled anywhere in the world.

LOUIS MARSHALL URGES EXTENSION OF NEW YORK CAMPAIGN

"We are prepared to go on with this campaign until we have exceeded the 56.00.000 goal. That money is sure to come. I would favor the cessation of the active part of the campaign but the real campaign will continue as long as there is \$1 to be secured from any Jew who is willing to give it. I would not consent that the chair man of this committee, Mr. Bressler the ladies' division, and the other active workers should make any further sacrifice than this, that will be required to balance up the books and to give us something 'over the top. That's all we have a right to ask but we have a right to expect that those who have not yet responded should understand that we are making a new reform in the Jewish calendar. We are nearing the end of the month of lyar. We will have another lyar in necessary—seven weeks more until we get it all in. In order to use an expression which I have used several times of late, 'they will all have to stand up and be counted.' We shall now continue this campaign, I trust, by unanimous action. I move that this campaign continue until we have gotten very much over the top-at least until we show \$250.000 over the \$60.0000 Wr. Marshall concluded.

"The great heart of New York has revealed itself beautifully by the manner in which it has responded to our appeal, especially during the past few days," said Mr. Bressler at the close of last night's rally. The total already obtained in this campaign is the largest sum ever raised from the Jews of New York for any one purpose and is in itsel the best repudiation of the charge that is often made that this is a cold, indifferent, callous community. I am convinced that if we can keep working for a few days longer we will raise \$50,000,000 and more by the end of the week."

David A. Brown also addressed the rally

The Women's Division, of which Mrs. Abram I. Elkus is chairman, reached a total of \$482,000.

Vice-Chairman Jonah J. Goldstein reported \$13,000 additional from the Grand Street Bovs Association bringing the total contribution of that organization close to \$100,000

BROOKLYN'S TOTAL REACHES \$875,000

Leon Lauterstein, chairman of the Rockaway division reported \$235,000 against ar original quota of \$100,000

Hugh Grant Straus, treasurer of the Brooklyn division reported a total of \$875,000, an increase of \$109,000 since last Thursday's rally.

The New York campaign originally had a quota of \$4,000,000. At a meeting of Jewish leaders at the home of Mr. Felix M. Warburg, early this year, through the insistence of Mr. William Fox, Charman, it was raised to \$6,000,000. The local drive was officially launched on April 25, at three hanguists when \$2,700,000 was subscribed.

The first million dollars in the drive was subscribed by nine individuals Mr. Warburg leading with \$400,000 followed by Mr. Fox with \$250,000 Frederick Brown, \$100,000. Herbert H Lehman, \$50,000, Benjamin Winter \$50,000 Louis Marshall, \$50,000. Henry Ittelson, \$40,000, Commodore Louis D Beaumont, \$30,000 and Samuel C. Lamport, for the Lamport Supply Company, \$30,000. The Charity Chest of the Fur Industry appropriated \$120,000 and other large gifts to the fund include: Workmen's Circle, \$50,000, Mr and Mrs. Simon Straus, \$50,000, S. S and Lee Shubert, \$50,000, Mortimer L. Schiff, \$50,000, Joseph Leblang, \$50,000, Amalgamated Clothing Workers, \$50,000; Mr. and Mrs. Paul M Warburg, \$30,000; Samuel Untermyer \$30,000; Temple Emanuel, \$30,000 Jacob H. Schiff, \$30,000; Paul Baenwald, \$30,000; Adolph S. Ochs \$25,000; Jacob K. Newman, \$25,000, Aaron Naumberg, \$25,000; Arthur Lehman, \$25,000; Gregori Benenson, \$25,000; Au H. Woods, \$20,000; Jacob Sperber, \$20,000; Mr. and Mrs. Reuben Sadowsky, \$20,000; Ludwig Vogelstein, \$15,000; Max D. Steuer, \$15,000; Henry Morgenthau, \$15,000; Mayer Bernhard, \$15,000; Benjamin Benenson, \$15,000; Mr. and Mrs. Goodhart, \$15,000; Mr. and Mrs. Harry Fischel, \$15,000; Mr. and Mrs. Coothart, \$15,000; Samuel Minskoff, \$15,000; Benjamin Benenson, \$15,000; Wr. and Mrs. Sigmund M. Lehman, \$10,000; Mr. rand Mrs. Sigmund M. Lehman, \$10,000; Mr. and Mrs. Sigmund M. Lehman, \$10,000; Mr. and Mrs. Sigmund M. Lehman, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Mr. and Mrs. Sigmund M. Lehman, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon Guggenheim, \$10,000; Simon

A testimonial luncheon at the Hotel Astor was tendered Sunday by leading members of the motion picture industry to National Chairman David A. Brown.

SYMPATHY AND COOPERATION OF NON-JEWS

Both Mr. Bressler and National Chairman David A. Brown commented on the interest and sympathy with the campaign evinced by non-Jews not only in New York, but all over the country. This was characterized by Mr. Brown as "a reaching of brotherly hands across the boundaries of race and creed for united action in the cause of humanity."

"In New York we have had the active cooperation of Governor Smith and Mayor Walker and religious and lay leaders of all denominations, including Cardinal Hayes, Bishop Manning, Rev. Dr. S. Parkes Cadman, Monsignor Yorke and the Rev. John Haynes Holmes. We have received substantial contributions from the Governor, from Cleveland H. Dodge, Judge George W. Olvany, Leader of Tammany Hall, Judge F., J. Gavegan, E. W. Fairchild and Ogden Reid, to mention just a few of the larger givers, and down the line to Italian women and colored elevator runners who have brought or sent contributions with presence of cheer and good will "exist Mr. Brown."

"Gov. Smith's proclamation calling on the citizens of the State to contribute is not the only Gubernatorial endorsement of the campaign. Nationally we have the endorsement of Hon. Herbert Hoover and Gov. A. W. McLean of Nort Carolina and Gov. Alex J. Grosbeck of Michigan have called on the citizens of their respective states to bridge racial lines and make common cause in this humanitarian battle to save human lives," he declared.

"One of the finest manifestations of good-will was the recent appeal of non-Jewish clergymen, publicists and educators to match our fund with another \$15,000,000 raised entirely from Christians. I have no doubt that there will be a very substantial response," Mr. Brown declared.

A junior division of campaign contributors is being organized by Vice-chairman Jonah J. Goldstein among boys and girls who will be confirmants in the synagogues and templas this wask at the seniors of the Shabupth building.

Following an appeal by Louis Marshall before the men's club of the Eighth Avenue Temple of Brooklyn, approximately \$15,000 was subscribed. The meeting, the last of the season was attended by \$000 men.

The quota of the state of Maryland in the United Jewish Campaign was increased from \$500,000 to \$750,000, a statement of the national headquarters declared. This action was taken at a conference in Baltimore at which David A. Brown was present, in view of the increase of the national quota of the United Jewish Campaign from fifteen to twenty-five million, it was stated. Jacob Epstein, who last September announced that he would contribute 10 per cent of the amount raised by his state, renewed his pledge which pages that he will contribute \$75,000.

The conference was presided over by Judge Eli Frank of the Maryland Supreme Court.

Charles Horowitz, for six years an assistant Corporation Counsel, has been appointed Assistant Counsel of the Port Authority, it was announced. "United Jewish Campaign in New York Approaches \$6,000,000 Goal … Nearly \$6,000,000 was raised in New York … It was decided to extend the campaign in New York until the entire \$6,000,000 is secured. … We are prepared to go on with this campaign until we have exceeded the \$6,000,000 goal. … I move that this campaign continue until we have gotten very much over the top--at least until we show \$250,000 over the \$6,000,000, … I am convinced that if we can keep working for a few days longer we will raise \$6,000,000 and more by the end of the week. … The New York campaign originally had a quota of \$4,000,000. At a meeting of Jewish leaders at the home of Mr. Felix M. Warburg, early this year, through the insistence of Mr. William Fox, Chairman, it was raised to \$6,000,000."

Jewish Telegraphic Agency, May 18, 1926.

http://archive.jta.org/article/1926/05/18/2761721/united-jewish-campaign-in-new-york-approaches-6000000-goal

No.192, July 1929

"JEWISH CHARIPIES (sic) TO ASK \$6,000,000 … Local Jewish charitics (sic) will need \$6,000,000 this year …"

The New York Times, July 28, 1929.

In 1930 The Allied Jewish Campaign launched a drive to raise \$6,000,000 in the United States. Below I've again reproduced just four stories from the New York Times' archive. And again it's just a tiny percentage of the stories they published mentioning this campaign and the \$6,000,000 figure. I once more performed a search in their online archive for "\$6,000,000 Jewish campaign", restricting the search to just 1930. This time it returned a result of ?? separate articles.

"An allied Jewish campaign for \$6,000,000 … Not all of the six million dollar fund will be used for relief of Jews in Palestine, but also will be applied to Jewish relief in all other lands."

The Lowell Sun (MA), February 15, 1930, page 4.

Writing the first draft of Jewish history since 1917

MARCH 24, 1930

New York City Preparing for \$6,000,000 Allied Jewish Campaign; Drives in Many Other Communities of C

Leaders of the most important elements in the Jewish communal life of New York City are actively engaged in preparations for an early drive in behalf of the \$6,000,000 Allied Jewish Campaign, according to an announcement from national headquarters. The names of the chairman of the New York campaign committee and his associates will shortly be made public, together with the quota which the Jews of the metropolis will be called upon to contribute. Local headquarters for the New York campaign have already been established and the preliminary work for the drive is under way.

The ground work for the New York drive, was laid prior to the Washington National Conference of the Allied Jewish Campaign, at a meeting on March 2, at the home of Felix M. Warburg.

Mr. Warburg laid stress on the fact that the \$6,000,000 sought through the Allied Jewish Campaign to meet the needs of the Jews of Eastern Europe and of Palestine is less than the amounts asked for in previous years for both purposes. There have been years, Mr. Warburg pointed out, when the Jews of the United States have been asked for \$7,000,000 for the Joint Distribution Committee and \$3,000,000 by the United Palestine Appeal.

Mr. Baerwald, who, in addition to being one of the chairmen of the Allied Jewish Campaign, is treasurer of the Joint Distribution Committee, pointed out that this organization had made no appeal for funds at all in 1929—that, as a matter of fact, it had not appealed for funds in New York City since March, 1926, when there was raised in the metropolis an amount equal to the national quota of the present allied effort. During the intervening years, most of the contributors had paid the pledges they made in that famous drive.

Mr. Bressler, who was actively in charge of the New York campaign of March, 1926, compared conditions existing in the metropolis then with the present-day situation.

"During every campaign, every community wants to know what New York, the largest Jewish community in the world, is going to do. Up to the present time, New York has always given a good account of itself, and I am sure it will do so now. Our first attempts to organize the 1926 drive were met with pessimism. Nobody believed we could succeed. The campaign here started under conditions similar to those confront us now. There was a market crash that year, as there was last Fall. Yet, in spite of the pessimism in spite of doubts, the New York campaign was a brilliant success."

Similar confidence in the outcome of a drive in New York City was expressed by Lieut.-Gov. Lehman, who had come from Albany to attend the meeting.

Dr. Lee K. Frankel also expressed confidence in the outcome. Six million dollars is nothing for the Jews to raise in good time or bad times," he declared, as he pledged his cooperation. Morris Rothenberg assured the gathering that the chairmen of the Allied Jewish Campaign were under no illusions concerning the psychological factors of the campaign.

The meeting concluded with the following committee to organize the New York drive, select its officers and decide what share of the \$6,000,000 the five boroughs should be asked to give: Paul Baerwald, chairman; Hon. Otto A. Rosalsky, Dr. Solomon Lowenstein, Samuel Sachs, Howard S. Cullman, B. C. Vladeck, Jonah J. Goldstein, Mrs. Sol Rosenbloom, Eli Winkler, Judge Mitchell May, Hugh Grant Straus, Harry Fischel, D. S. Guttesman, Philip Wattenberg and Carl H. Pforzheimer.

Reports from the field show intensified preliminary activity in many communities since the issuance of Mr. Bressler's letter calling upon the delegates to the conference to take the initiative in their own communities to launch drives at the earliest possible moment.

"New York City Preparing for \$6,000,000 Allied Jewish Campaign; ... the \$6,000,000 Allied Jewish Campaign, ... the \$6,000,000 sought through the Allied Jewish Campaign to meet the needs of the Jews of Eastern Europe and of Palestine ... "Six million dollars is nothing for the Jews to raise in good time or bad times," ... decide what share of the \$6,000,000 the five boroughs should be asked to give ..."

Jewish Telegraphic Agency, March 24, 1930.

RABBI COHEN WAS HEARD BY MANY AT AGUDAS ACHEM

NECESSITY FOR AID TO SUF-FERING JEWS IN OTHER NATIONS STRESSED

Necessity of continued assistance to uffering Jews in Russia and Palestine was presented to Corsicana Jewry Thursday night by Rabbi Henry Cohen of Galveston at Synadogue Agudas Achem.

Gabe Goldberg acted as master of ceremonies for the evening and introduced the speaker, pointing out his numerous achievements in the educational, social and philanthropical realms. He stated that Rabbi Cohen was the dean of Texas rabbis in the point of service and was beloved over the entire state; he was honored by Rabbi Stephen Wise recently who declared that he was foremost among his co-religionists as a worker for Judaism; he has been serving the Galveston clurch for forty-three years. He is also a past member of the Texas Prison Board having received an appointment from Governor Dan Moody; he resigned recently because of the press of other business. He is also one of the favorite peakers of Texas University and Texas A. & M. College students.

Rabbi Cohen took as his subject the "Palestine Situation," declaring that his method would be of interest to both the orthodox and reform branches. He recalled that about twenty-five years ago after one of the repeated massacres when suffering was widespread that a stranger knocked at his door early one morning with an offering, asserting that he had Jewish blood in his veins and though he had been outsite the community for fifty years that he was answering the call of the blood.

Seeking 6,000,000.

The Allied Jewish Relief organization is attempting to raise six million dollars for relieving suffering and aiding Jews in Russia and Palestine in 1930, according to Dr. Cohen who expressed some doubt as to whether that would be sufficient. The Texas quota is \$200,000, averaging about \$6 for each man, woman and child in the nation.

Discussing the necessity of the support of the Jews in the foreign countries, the speaker first took up the situation in Russia. Under the Soviet he declared that the Jews were removed from their former places as middlemen and were forced to earn their bread on the farm or at a trade, and since they were unskilled in these profesisons they were unable to provide sufficient foods for themselves and family. They are in need of training in both religion and crafts and must be supported until such a time as they can support themselves, and must be given tools and other necessities

Polish Jews Boycotted.

The Jews have been boycotted in Poland according to the visiting Rabbi, and also need aid. He pointed out that while these people have been receiving aid for several years that the assistance must be continued, just as a man is hungry one day and also again

He asserted that the Jews must be helped because they are of the same blood and are suffering, and are persecuted because of their race. He pointed out that while people of this nation have something to look forward to that the people of suffering natins have only their more fortunate broth-

Up until two mont ago the situation of the Jews in Palestine was much more promising than that in Russla. That country had been opened to immigrants after the United States had been closed and the Jews were able to pur-

The Corsicana Daily Sun (TX) November 14, 1930, p.12

"Seeking 6,000,000 The Allied Jewish Relief organization is attempting to raise six million dollars for relieving suffering and aiding Jews in Russia and Palestine ..."

In 1940 there was yet another Jewish campaign launched to raise \$6,000,000.

No.198, November 1940

"SEEKING \$6,000,000 FOR THE HOLY LAND"

The New York Times, November 12, 1940.

Post-Holocaust \$6,000,000 campaign:

"\$6,000,000 SOUGHT BY JEWISH GROUPS … a nationwide drive for \$6,000,000 …"

The New York Times, January 4, 1951.

CHAPTER ?

"A BURNT SACRIFICE"

"… a Divine oath occurs as a direct result of man offering a sacrifice, since God swore the oath only when He "smelled the pleasant aroma."

• The Rebbe (Menachem Mendel Schneerson, leader of the Hasidic Jewish sect Chabad Lubavitch) 2

^1. Johnson, Samuel. A Dictionary of the English Language. Vol. I. Sixth Edition. 1785.

^2. Miller, Chaim. Chumash: The Book of Genesis, The Gutnick Edition. New York: Kol Menachem. 2008. p.134

The phrase "the nazi holocaust", appears in the May 14, 1948 Israeli Proclamation of Independence, although the 6,000,000 figure of murdered Jews does not, it just claims "millions" were murdered. But "the Holocaust" (i.e. the planned and systematic murder of approximately 6,000,000 Jews by the National Socialist government in German and their allies during World War II) wasn't widely referred to as "the Holocaust" until the very late 1970s or early 1980s. An example is the 1973-1974 British television series The World at War, which was the most expensive documentary ever made. Episode 20 (of 24 in total) is entitled "Genocide", and is about the Holocaust, but not once in the entire episode is the word "holocaust" mentioned. It referrers to "the Holocaust" as the "Final Solution."

The credit for the phrase "the Holocaust" being branded on the world's psyche, is often awarded to the American television mini-series entitled Holocaust, which was first broadcasted in 1978, and accompanied by a huge campaign to promote the series.1 Whilst Holocaust was being film and then first broadcasted, American-nazi Frank Collin (Cohen) the Jewish leader of the National Socialist Party of America and his very small band of nazis, were also being given an awful lot of media-attention.

In 1977 Cohen, who had been ousted as a Jew by his own father in 1970 — this was seemingly brushed aside as irrelevant — wanted his small band of Nazis to hold a public demonstration in Chicago, but any such gathering was banned by the authorities. Cohen then sought to arrange a demonstration in the near-by town of Skokie, but again it was banned by the local authorities. Strangely, the American Civil Liberties Union, who usually defended communists and far-left political agendas, stepped in. The ACLU, represented by Jewish lawyer Burton Allen Joseph, fought a successful case in the U.S. Supreme Court, which won the Jewish Nazi the right to demonstrate in the predominately Jewish neighbourhood of Skokie, and gave him permission to dress up like Hitler and wave a swastika flag whilst he was doing it.

The ACLU's Joseph wasn't the only Jewish man fighting for the right of "Nazis" to demonstrate in Skokie. Jewish journalist, Pulitzer Prize and Guardian of Zion winner, William Safire, demanded in March 1978, that the Cohen, and his band of Nazis must be allowed to march in Skokie, Illinois. A town where more than half the population was Jewish, and a full 11% of residents were Holocaust survivors. Safire said Skokie was a "shrewd choice."

It may just be yet another coincidence that a Jewish man claiming to be a nazi who wanted to kill all the Jews, was given so much publicity at the time the mini-series Holocaust was being filmed and then broadcast. It may be true that the Jewish lawyer Burton Allen Joseph, and the ACLU, a group founded by communists,1 felt that Cohen and his band of nazis' civil liberties were being seriously infringed, by them not being able to rally in a predominantly Jewish town, and to demand all Jews be killed whilst doing it. But to me it seems implausible. "You can't buy that sort of publicity" is an old cliché, but it certainly seems like you can arrange it.

I had considered re-publishing the newspaper, magazine and book articles I have discovered of "the Holocaust" being referred to as a "holocaust", prior to the end of World War II. But the word "holocaust" was often used by 20th century authors to describe any form of disaster, so I believe re-publishing the articles would not prove a thing, and instead be an open-invite for defenders of the faith to dismiss this entire book, without even addressing the book's main point, i.e. the fact Jews have been claiming 6,000,000 Jews were on the point of oblivion since the beginning of the 20th century, and the fact they were proclaiming 6,000,000 Jewish deaths long before Wilhelm Hoettl "confessed" in November 1945, that this was the figure the nazis themselves estimated as murdered.

Having said that, there is just one article which mentions a holocaust that I have re-published on the following page. It was written by one of the leading Zionists of the early 20th century, a man who wrote in 1902: "…the Semite must conquer the world, that the Jew must master humanity before it could attain to the higher flights of civilization"5

• 1. The one newspaper the Youngstown Vindicator of Ohio ran stories on Holocaust on April 12, 13, 19, 20, 23, 24. On April 12 & 13 the stories covered almost half a broadsheet-sized page. Aside from the Holocaust story, two additional "the Holocaust" related stories appeared in the April 20 edition.
• 2. Young Nazi Claims Dad A Liar. Beaver County Times (PA). April 23, 1970. Second section page A3
• 3. Let Them March in Skokie and Show the Depravity of Anti-Semitism. Pittsburgh Post Gazette. March 28, 1978, page 6
• 4. Roger Baldwin (1884 1981), founder of the ACLU, who wrote in the thirtieth anniversary Harvard University classbook: "I seek social ownership of property, the abolition of the propertied class, and sole control by those who produce wealth. Communism is the goal."
• 5. The Asian Mystery. The Jewish Criterion (Pittsburgh). May 2, 1902, page 1.

How Will the War Affect Jewish Destinies?

Answered by

MR LOUIS D. BRANDEIS,

RABBI STEPHEN S. WISE,

Of the Free Synagogue, New York.

MR JACOB DE HAAS.

MR LOUIS E. KIRSTEIN,

Editor Jewish Advocate.

Business Man.

Will Gain a Fairer Share of Political Equality. By Louis D. Brandeis.

OT until the war is over will it be safe to premise the gains—should there be any—and losses which will have come to the Jewish people. The losses will be distinct enough. So many tens of thousands of Jewish homes devastated and pillaged beyond restoration; so many hundreds of Jewish villages on the Russo-German and Austrian frontiers with all their economic possibilities de-

The food problem at the present moment is the problem of a ten million dolar relief fund for one year. The recapitalization of one or two million persons is ever a large problem and larger than philanthropy has ever attempted. The gains may, however, prove a fair counterbalance.

There is already in evidence the determination of Jews to deal with the problem. The agitation for the American Jewish Congress demonstrates that the Jewish democracy in America is seeking means to express itself—and to handle the problems that will arise. This agitation therefore denotes a growth in the

seif-reliance of the collective group of Jews. And this new-found self-reliance will unquestionably react upon the in-

On the other hand, after the splendid conduct of the Jews of all belligerent countries in the war, the charges of cowardice and military inefficiency, never true, but which have been periodically made against the Jews, should disappear forever. There are probably 600,000 Jews, in the European Armies, and their conduct in the field has won them distinctions and medals in every one of the forces. Formerly such incidents were known only to the students of obscure military records. Now all the world reads and obtains a new impressions of the proposed the reads and obtains a new impressions.

In this way the Jew gains. He has come out of a peculiar obscurity, into which endless persecution pushed him to take more than his full share in the struggle. His reward should be better treatment, better regard individually, a fairer share of political equality in every country in which at present this is denied him. He should be granted fuller opportunity for the individual, as well as

for the group, in Europe and in Palestine. These, being the obvious needs, are the first desires of Jews everywhere. Most writers who have been in Europe since the war affect to believe that several of the Nations have changed their character since the outbreak. This is of course an error. The existencies of the war have compelled the removal of the superficial attributes of the various ha-

war have compelled the removal of the superficial attributes of the various nationalities. National character, too, is a weapon in this gigantic struggle, and the natural tendencies of peoples have therefore been uncovered. That is why there is so much talk of

That is why there is so much talk of the recognition of the smaller nationalities, such eager discussion of the possibilities of democracy, so keen a belief that the outcome of it all will be on the side of social justice.

These three terms describe the condition, attitude and ideal of the Jewish people. So in proportion as these are advanced by the war the Jews will gain and as it is a peculiar quality of the Jews to react quickly on their environment, their gain will speedily be made to advantage social, intellectual and moral

The Ultimate Righting of Human Wrongs. By Jacob de Haas.

THE world is never done with an idea, provided it is a real one. Thus every great war has provoked the hope or belief that the particular onslaught was somehow distinctly related to human destiny—that ultimate which is far beyond political geography. This war, which is the greatest of humanity's militant experiences, has provoked since its first onset many hopes and aspirations that what was wrong will be set right, that somehow the ages will round themselves out, and each nationality will, at the end, live in its own home, and contribute out of its ripened democratic faith that measure of mutual self-reliance which shall enable it to participate in the parliament of nations and the brotherhood of man.

The moment that thought—the world approaching destiny—grips you, then, willy nilly, you have to think of the Jows. They began this idea of the ultimate righting of human wrongs, and they have lived for 2000 years because they believe in the eternal tomorrow—some tomorrow. But the human blood-arthropic tragedy is so yast that nine

out of every 10 men who know, or permit themselves to think, about the mixture of human need and metaphysical speculation—the dual urge of so much of life—believe that the tomorrow of these hopes and dreams is no longer remoto, indeterminate and indefinite—but the morrow of the day after the war.

How will the Jew, who has walted patiently for Armageddon, fare then? In all armies, soldier of autocracy, volunteer of democracy, what will be the reward of his courage and bravery? The world pity has rightly gone forth to war-harrowed Belgium and the harassed Belgians. But the Jews have suffered in that same year all that the Belgians have suffered, and have suffered some part of all that misery—the dragoon's law, the pillaged home—for eighteen hundred and forty-five years. How now, my masters? Will the end be merely widowed misery, casting ashes and dust on orphaned misery's head, or is the glamoured destiny on the other side of the blood-stained horizon?

Destiny to be achieved should be an evolution. What has been in process in target these 40 years—a process not of

accident but of design—is related to the old conception of destiny—restoration to Palestine. The Jews, to the number of 44,000, have a foothold in the country, and, what is equally important, their rights to Zion are among the few things that all writers on every phase of the war—pro-Ally or pro-German—admit. Indeed the only point that all warring elements are agreed upon is that at the end of the holocaust the Jews and Palestine will be more closely related than at present.

Democracy everywhere hopes to be the eventual victor in this war, and so the general position of the Jews in every European land should be better than at present. But even democracy is "my doxy," and the minority position of the Jews in lands of otherwise homogeneous elements can never be at permanent ease. So, while we should hope and strive for freedom everywhere, the world will be putting its best foot forward towards destiny if it helps the Jew onward to that goal of which the Psalmist wrote paradoxically, now as the dream which is the Return; and then as the Return which is a dream.

Jews Will Gain From the Spread of Democracy. By Rabbi Stephen S. Wise.

A T the outset of the war, foreseeing in some neasure the crisis that was ahead of us, I felt that there had not been exhibited any really great statesmanship in the handling of Jewish affairs up to that time. Not even the lesser or more immediate needs of our people have been met with that wisdom and breadth of vision which are the indisputable marks of statesmanship.

Might it not be said that the difference between the merely political and wholly statesmanlike way of dealing with problems lies herein? The minor or political method is to try to met needs as they arise. The wider and the wiser method of statesmanship is to anticipate needs. Statesmanship inheres in that prevision which anticipates and provides for situations remote and intangible. Such statesmanship has in some degree been revealed in the conduct of the Provisional Zionist Committee, organized in the Summer of last year. Immediately after the beginning of the war. Long before the cries of the needy were heard, it was felt that needs would arise. It has been of the very would arise. It has been of the very

essence of statesmanship on the part of the Provisional Committee, not merely to have anticipated the world-crisis which has actually arisen, but within the limitations of Zionist strength and weakness, to have made every possible provision for the tiding over of the days of difficulty and stress which are

Much, if not all, that the Provisional Zionist Committee has been enabled to achieve has become possible through the accession to the forces of Israel of Louis D. Brandels. Since the passing of Theodor Herzl there has been no such accession to the ranks of lendership in Israel as has come about through the circumstances of Louis D. Brandels: willingness to step forth in a time of hesitation and bear the burden of leadership in the Zionist movement. For the Zionist movement in America has for a year been the world Zionist movement.

Judged by its effects upon the people of Israel, the movement is immeasurably beneficent. Not only has it given hope to the stricken and done much to party the physically scattered as well as the spiritually divided hosts of Israel but it has quickened within Israel the spirit of self-help and self-dependence Its incidental effect upon the extra Jew ish world has been equally significant winning from multitudes of non-Jew that reverence which always goes out to the self-revering.

From these achievements and from the wonderful stimulus created by the discussion of the question and organization of a democratic Jewish Congress, it seems safe to say that the destiny of the fews after the war will be largely in the hands of the American Jew. By reason of this it is further safe to assume that the Jews will gain from whatever apread and advancement of democracy takes place. The interaction of ideas is already in evidence. The Jews, as includingly, are everywhere in the advance guard of those who believe that the war should end in the triumph of democracy in all lands. On the other hand, every democratic expression is favoring the policy of granting freedom and equality to the Jews in all lands and already has had a very marked tendency to recognize the especial claims of the Jews to specific recognition in Palestine

Problem Far Too Great For Mere Philanthropy. By Louis E. Kirstein.

The world has been so sickened by the horrors of the European war that it is doubtful whether even the statesmen whose business it is to consider what is to follow after the war have given serious attention to the process of adjustment. Those who are thinking about such matters are probably thinking more of the commercial and financial problems that will confront the world when peace is restored than the human element in the debacle. We are all becoming lundened to what is happening in the battle areas and the stories of evacuation of whole towns and clies make little or no impression now, but when the battle smoke is dissipated the Jews will be found in a condition that about humanity.

As a class the Russian, Polish and Galician Jews were materially and politically badly off prior to the war; in Russia, in particular, grinding persecution had a disastrous effect in the congested area of the pule of settlement. And as this pale of settlement is practically the equivalent of the Russo-German war zone the Jews in Russia are physically and materially in the same plight as the Belgians, with less succor in the present and less hope of restoration whoever wins, in the future.

In normal times the Jews in Germany, France, Austria, England and Italy did their best to relieve the poverty that was a consequence of persecution, and while they are still doing what they car their share has had to be diminished in proportion to their own increasing wants—for they, too, are now yietims of the war and may shortly have to appeal for add.

This puts the burden squarely up to America as being the home of the only Jews who are in a position to help, and it has come home to the Jews here gradually, for committees are now being formed by which means the recent immigrants from war zones are coming to the aid of their unfortunate brether abroad.

While, therefore, it is up to each i

dividual to make what sacrifice he can at this time, it is equally clear that this sacrifice will not meet the conditions that will discover themselves when the war is over. Something far larger than anything that charity can do will have to be done. Evacuation of whole communities gives the inverse result that you notice when you throw a stone in a pool of water—the circles enlarge, and with each enlargement become less definite. In this case they become more definite as they are enlarged.

Probably a million Jews have been moved during the war—moved, first, from the immediate frontier towns and villages to the cities, then moved from the cities, with the old resident elements of those cities, into towns and villages more remote from the battle front.

These drives have been going on for a year, increasing poverty in every direction, accentuating misery in every form, and adding day by day to the total of unspeakable horrors. Meanwhile scores of the towns that people came from have been shelled and destroyed, so there arises a question whether, if they begiven the opportunity to readjust themselves in their own homes, whether theh homes exist at all, and if they do exist the people will have to be capitalized in order to start, life over again.

There is involved in this a huge political problem—will the Russian Government ;-ermit them to return? Or will it permit them to remain at their "last address"? And as this problem involves not only the hunted million, but about 6,000,00 or 7,000,00 more people, there is a tremendous ferment throughout the Jewish world as to the action the Powers will take, and should take, to bring about an adjustment and reorganization of life far and away above the ability of philanthropic effort.

is not only that the Jews are raising money to help their people, but that the great mass of the Jews in this country have become thoroughly conscious of the whole group of responsibilities they

will have to assume for the rest of the Jewish people.

NATION-WIDE WATER HUNT.

American Firms at Last Solve Problem of Photograph Paper.

After nine months of constant experimentation two leading American firms have succeeded in making photographic paper. This is the first time that the United States has entered this field successfully.

At the outbreak of the European war the supply of photographic paper, which came from France, Germany and Austria, was declared insufficient to last more than 15 months.

war was likely to last a long time the American photo industry faced business stagnation or the discovery of processes for an American-made conver-

The reactions of light on sensitized photographic paper are still chemical mysteries. So, although American chemists used the formulae that had been found satisfactory in Europe, they failed to produce the desired results. The printed picture came out blotched and uneven.

receives used failed to explain this shenomenon. The manufacturers tried inen, straw and wood pulp papers, but the blotches persisted. The only remaining component of the paper, the effect of which was problematic, was the water.

Two of the largest American manufacturers entered upon a Nation-wide search for water, the chemical composition of which would not mar the sensitization.

Men with small hand outhly for paper making were sent to all corners of the United States and for six months they carried on experiments at wells and springs innumerable.

In two different localities, more than road miles apart, these two firms found water rainable for their purposes. Manufacture on an extensive scale has been begun. The photographic industry of the United States is no longer dependent more Europe for its samples.

"Indeed the only point that all warring elements are agreed upon is that at the end of the holocaust the Jews and Palestine will be more closely related than at present."

The Boston Sunday Globe, September 26, 1915, page 46.

So claimed Zionist, Kabbalist, and journalist Jacob de Hass, who also appears at number in our list. But also contributing to this propaganda article was the rabbi and Zionist, Stephen S. Wise who made numbers 1, 13 & 101 in our list, plus, he still has more to come.

CHAPTER ?

"THESE FIGURES EXCEED THE NUMBER ANTICIPATED"

"In my calculations, all the figures always add up to the same number: six million."

• Elie Wiesel ¹

"Well, I doubt it was 6,000,000."

• Herman Goering, February 15, 1946, Nuremberg. 2

December 14, 1945, the day the world should have learnt that "six million". Jews had been killed

On the morning of Friday, December 14, 1945, Major William F. Walsh, a member of the United States prosecution counsel at the main Nuremberg trial, made a prolonged presentation on, as he put it, the: "ultimate objective of the Nazi Party and the Nazi-controlled State, that is, the extermination of the Jews."3

Shortly before the court broke for lunch, Major Walsh presented as evidence to the Nuremberg tribunal,4 the November 26, 1945 affidavit of SS-Sturmbannführer Wilhelm Hoetll, in which Hoettl claimed that at the end of August 1944, Adolf Eichmann had told him the German state had killed approximately six million Jews:

TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 2738-PS

AFFIDAVIT OF DR. WILHELM HOETTL 26 November 1945

I, Wilhelm Hoettl, state herewith under oath:

My name is Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl, SS-Sturmbannfuehrer (Major of the SS). My occupation until the German collapse was that of a reporter and deputy Gruppenleiter in Amt VI (Office VI) of the Reichs Security Office [Reichssicherheitshauptampt].

380

2738-PS

Amt VI of the RSHA was the so-called Foreign Section of the Security Service and it was engaged in the Intelligence Service in all countries in the world. It corresponded somewhat to the English Intelligence Service. The group to which I belonged was occupied in the Intelligence Service of Southeastern Europe (the Ralkans).

At the end of August 1944 I was talking to SS-Obersturmbann fuehrer Adolf Eichmann, whom I had known since 1938. The conversation took place in my home in Budapest.

According to my knowledge Eichmann was, at that time, Abteilungsleiter in Amt IV (the Gestapo) of the Reich Security Office [Reichssicherheitshauptampt] and in addition to that he had been ordered by Himmler to get a hold of the Jews in all the European countries and to transport them to Germany. Eichmann was then very much impressed with the fact that Rumania had withdrawn from the war in those days. Therefore, he had come to me to get information about the military situation which I received daily from the Hungarian Ministry of War and from the Commander of the Waffen-SS in Hungary. He expressed his conviction that Germany had now lost the war and that he, personally, had no further chance. He knew that he would be considered one of the main war criminals by the United Nations since he had millions of Jewish lives on his conscience. I asked him how many that was, to which he answered that although the number was a great Reich secret, he would tell me since I, as a historian, would be interested and that he would probably not return anyhow from his command in Rumania. He had, shortly before that, made a report to Himmler, as the latter wanted to know the exact number of Jews who had been killed. On the basis of his information he had obtained the following result:

Approximately four million Jews had been killed in the various extermination camps while an additional two million met death in other ways, the major part of which were shot by operational squads of the Security Police during the campaign against Russia.

Himmler was not satisfied with the report since, in his opinion, the number of Jews, who had been killed, must have been more than six million. Himmler had stated, that he would send a man from his Office of Statistics to Eichmann, so that he could make a new report on the basis of Eichmann's material, in which exact figures should be worked out.

I have to believe that this information, given to me by Eichmann, was correct, as he, among all the persons in question, certainly had the best survey of the figures of the Jews who had been

693258—46—25

381

738-PS

murdered. In the first place, he "delivered" so to speak the Jews to the extermination camps through his special squads and knew, therefore, the exact figure and, in the second place, as Abteilungs-leiter in Amt IV (the Gestapo) of the RSHA, who was also responsible for Jewish matters, he knew indeed better than anyone else the number of Jews who had died in other ways.

In addition to that, Eichmann was at that moment in such a state of mind as a result of the events, that he certainly had no intention of telling me something that was not true.

I, myself, know the details of this conversation so well because I was, naturally, very much affected and I had already, prior to the German collapse, given detailed data about it to American Quarters in a neutral foreign country with which I was in touch at that time.

I hereby swear, that the above statements have been made by me voluntarily and without duress or compulsion, and that the above statements are true according to my best knowledge and belief.

[signed] Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl

Signed and sworn to before me in Nurnberg, Germany this 26th day of November 1945.

[signed] Frederick L. Felton Lieutenant USNR #253345 Wilhelm Hoetll had made an earlier affidavit (November 5, 1945) in which he also claimed that Eichmann had told him that six million Jews had been murdered:

TRANSLATION OF DOCUMENT 2615-PS

Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl, after being sworn, declares:

I was a member of the SD from 1938 until the German collapse except for two interruptions during the years 1939 and 1941–1943. Until 1939 I had charge of the department "Catholic Church" with the SD in Vienna, subsequently I was employed in Department VI. Foreign Information Service.

In connection with my activities in Vienna, I made the acquaintance of Obersturmbannfuehrer Eichmann, whom I met again in 1943 as a section chief in Department IV of the Gestapo. There he handled the Department for Jews [Judenreferat].

338

2615_PS

In August 1944 at the occasion of a visit in my apartment in Budapest, Eichmann told me that he had to make a report for Himmler on the number of Jews killed, and that he estimated the sum-total of the Jews killed as 6 millions. Of those 4 million had been killed in the extermination institutions in the East, while the additional 2 millions were killed by shootings—mainly by the Einsatzgruppen of the SIPO and the SD during the campaign in the East.

About 1942 I had a conversation with SS-Brigade commander Dr. Stahlecker who had been in command of such an Einsatz-gruppe of the SIPO and the SD in the East. He told me that he had been ordered by Obergruppenfuehrer Heydrich to take command of such an Einsatzgruppe, whose field of action was the area of an Army group. He had the order to exterminate the Jews in that district by shootings.

From my conversations with Eichmann and Stahlecker and other members of the SIPO and the SD I conclude that the Jews were killed since the beginnings of the Russian campaign (1941), at first by the Einsatzgruppen of the SIPO and the SD and later—probably since the beginning of 1943—in the extermination camps in the East.

The arrest of the Jews and their shipment to the extermination camps was carried out by a special detachment [Sonderkommando] under the direction of Eichmann, which was composed of members of the SIPO—especially Gestapo. Heydrich had given the instructions for this to Eichmann. In the RSHA his chief was the head of the Gestapo, SS Obergruppenfuehrer Mueller.

[signed] Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl

Subscribed and sworn to before me this 5th day of November 1943.

[signed] Whitney R. Harris Lieut., U. S. Naval Reserve

Affidavit of Dr. Wilhelm Hoettl, November 5, 1945. Nuremberg Document No. 2615-PS. Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression (The Red Series). Volume V. U.S. Government Printing Office: Washington, D.C. 1946. pp. 338-9.

Wilhelm Hoettl, "a real hoaxer"

Being interviewed for the 1973-4 British television series The World at War

In the afternoon session of the main Nuremberg trial on December 14, 1945, Dr. Kauffman, the defence lawyer of Obergruppenführer Ernst Kaltenbrunner, attempted to have Hoettl's affidavit—which had been presented as evidence that morning by Major Walsh—stricken from the record.5 His reason being, that Hoettl was present at Nuremberg, but was not to be called to as a witness by the Prosecution, and therefore the defence lawyers would not have the opportunity to cross examine him. Dr. Kauffman claimed: "The death of millions of people is involved here. His affidavit is based largely on inferences, on hearsay; I believe that the facts are very different". Dr. Kauffman's request was denied by Geoffrey Lawrence, the British judge and President of the tribunal, though he allowed the defence to formally apply in writing for Wilhelm Hoettl to be called to the witness stand. 6 Which Lawrence knew was something that Dr. Kauffman had already done, 7 but in vain, as Wilhelm Hoettl was never to appear in the witness box at the main, nor any of the Subsequent Nuremberg trials.

As American historian Mark Weber has documented,8 Wilhelm Hoettl was actually working for the OSS, the Office of Strategic Services (which was the forerunner to the Central Intelligence Agency) when he made his affidavits in which he claimed the Nazis themselves estimated the death toll of Jews at six million. Mark Weber cited now declassified 1949, 1950 and 1952 OSS internal reports on Wilhelm Hoettl which described him as:

"a man of such low character and poor political record that his use for intelligence activities, regardless of how profitable they may be, is a short-sighted policy by the U.S."

"notorious fabricator (of) intelligence."

"is involved in extensive intelligence activities for almost anyone who is willing to purchase his findings."

Hoettl's intelligence reports were described as "worthless and possibly inflated or fabricated."

"Dr. Höttl (the German spelling of his name) has long been known to this headquarters and other allied military organizations in Austria as a fabricator of intelligence information. His reports normally consist of a fine cobweb of fact, heavily padded with lies, deceit, conjecture and other false types of information. This organization will have absolutely nothing to do with Dr. Höttl or any members of his present entourage. He is persona non grata to the American, French and British elements in Austria."

Mark Weber also cited an SS report into Hoettl's purchase of land in Poland in 1942, which describes Hoettl as:

"dishonest, scheming, fawning,... a real hoaxer,"

Finally, and arguably most damningly, Mark Weber writes:

"Interestingly, numerous U.S. intelligence reports identify connections between Höttl and Simon Wiesenthal, the well-known "Nazi hunter." One U.S. Army CIC document described Wiesenthal as the "Chief Austrian Agent of the Israeli Intelligence Bureau." A U.S. Army CIC report in January 1950 noted that for the last three or four months Wiesenthal had "recruited the services of Wilhelm Höttl," and had hired him to gather information for reports by the "Nazi hunter.""

American documents conclusively prove that the man relied upon as the source of the six million figure, was an immensely dishonest figure, an employee of an American intelligence agency, and that he had been recruited into that agency by an representative of the Israeli Intelligence Bureau.

As has been irrefutable proven in the preceding pages of this book, Jewish groups had been bewailing 6,000,000 Jews being on the point of death for several decades prior to Wilhelm Hoettl's affidavit being presented at the Nuremberg trial. And I have proven that the figure of 6,000,000 Jewish victims of the National Socialist regime had been repeatedly predicted, long before Hitler supposedly took a decision, sometime before the autumn of 1941, to murder European Jewry in gas chambers. 9

Already I've documented, how late into 1943, claims that 6,000,000 Jews were going to be killed were abundant. In this chapter I'll document that in 1944 and then 1945, long before Wilhelm Hoettl's affidavit was made public at the main Nuremberg trial on December 14, 1945, Zionists were claiming that 6,000,000 Jews had been killed.

Essentially, I will show that this claim by the Anti-Defamation League that:

"The widely cited "6 million" figure is derived from the initial 1945 Nuremberg trial estimate of 5.7 million deaths;"10

Is a complete and utter lie.

Notes to introduction of chapter

• 1. Wiesel, Elie. Legends of Our Times. 1982. New York: Schocken Books. 1982 (first published 1968). p. 182.
• 2. Gilbert, Gustav. The Nuremberg Diary. Massachusetts: De Capo Press. 1995 (first published 1947). p. 152.
• 3. Day 20; December 14, 1945. Nuremberg Trial Proceedings (The Blue Series) Volume III. Printed in Nuremberg, Germany. 1947. p. 551.
• 4. Ibid. p .569.
• 5. Ibid. p. 571.
• 6. Ibid. p. 572.
• 7. Ibid. p. 571.
• 8. Wilhelm Höttl and the Elusive 'Six Million' by Mark Weber. The Journal of Historical Review, Sept.-Dec. 2001 (Vol. 20, No. 5-6), pages 25-32. http://www.ihr.org/jhr/v20/v20n5p25\_Weber.html
• 9. Hilberg, Raul. The Destruction of the European Jews Revised and Definitive Edition. New York: Holmes & Meier. 1985. p. 402. Footnote no.30. 10. "Responses to common Holocaust-denial claims" —http://www.adl.org/holocaust/response.asp — (accessed July 11, 2012). In the same
• article the ADL claims: "In fact, Western scholars have never supported the figure of 4 million deaths at Auschwitz;". The ADL obviously doesn't count Jewish historians Martin Gilbert (Auschwitz and the Allies, Random House, 2001, p.337) and Deborah Lipstadt (Beyond Belief. Touchstone, 1993, p.262) as "scholars", as both these ardent Zionists claimed that there were indeed "4 deaths at Auschwitz."

Page 227

ness and see to it that the brothers and the sisters of the Negro race are really activated in the affairs of our unions so that they will go on forward and assume leadership along with their white brothers.

Thank you. (Applause)

PRESIDENT FITZGERALD: The question is called for. Any further dis-

Ready for the question.

All those in favor of the motion, signify it by saying "Aye." Those opposed? The "Ayes" have it and it is so ordered.

COMMITTEE SECRETARY DE MAIO: Resolution Number 235, page 113, on Argentina.

RESOLUTION ARGENTINA

Submitted by Local 1102, St. Louis, Mo.

WHEREAS: Argentina has consistently followed a policy of Fascist dictatorship, and

WHEREAS: Argentina is daily giving aid and comfort to those who support Natism and Fascism and

WHEREAS: These policies of Argentina are diametrically opposed to the policies to which our Government has pledged itself in the United Nations,

RESOLUTION

WHEREAS: History records no parallel to the bestial cruelties inflicted on the Jewish people of Europe by the Nazis and their satellites, whose coldly calculated program of extermination of all European Jews very nearly succeeded, almost six million Jews having been murdered in cold blood, and

WHEREAS: Many thousands of these unfortunates might have been saved had they been allowed to enter Palestine, and

WHEREAS: Great Britain had promulgated by unilateral action a Palestine White Paper in 1939 which completely closed all doors in Palestine to thousands of an anti-Nazi Jewish refugees, and, by this step of appeasement of fascism, the British Empire stands guilty as a murderer of tens of thousands of people who might have been alive, and

WHEREAS: The White Paper policy is in direct contradiction to the Balfour Declaration of 1917, the League of Nations Mandate of 1922 and the Anglo-American Convention of 1924, and

WHEREAS: Today there are tens of thousands of Jewish people languishing in concentration camps in Europe and

"WHEREAS: History records no parallel to the bestial cruelties inflicted on the Jewish people of Europe by the Nazis and their satellites, whose coldly calculated program of extermination of all European Jews very nearly succeeded, almost six million Jews having been murdered in cold blood ..."

Resolution Palestine, Friday, September 29, 1944. United Electrical, Radio and Machine Workers of America Convention Proceedings, September 25th-29th, 1944. p. 227.

Six Million Jews Listed Slaughtered

Russians to Detail Massacres by Nazis

MOSCOW, Nov 28 (UP)—A fivevolume "black book" containing a documentary record of the German nassacre of approximately six million European Jews was being prepared today by the State publishing house.

The first volume has been completed and will be distributed before Jan. 1. The work was under the general ecitorship of Ilya Ehrenbourg and the editorial board included Poet-Playwright Kons'antin Simonov Writer Vsevold Ivanov and Poetess Jera Imber.

Four Categories

The "black book" will contain our categories: German decrees and orders of the day; eye-witness accounts of survivors of murder camps; diaries and letters of the victims, and accounts by non-Jew who aided in the escape of certain regioners.

The "black book" will show that systematic annihilation of the Jews cegan in 1939 and was carried out it. eight principal places with death nethods including gas chamber aspnyxiation, electrocution, firing equads, bacterial inoculation and with carbon monexide chambers.

Catholics Also Killed

One of the largest camps was operated near Warsaw where a majority of Polish Jews and many Polish Catholics were killed, the back book editors said.

Of Poland's pre-war Jewish population of 3,100,000, about 250,000 were known to be in Russia. All of the others, who had been under German rule, were killed with the exception of 8000 escapees, the cutters estimated

Among letters left behind by victims was from a woman and a gir addressed to their husband and father, "M. Wishner, 196 Central Ave. Orange, N. J."

"They re coming to murder us," the wife wrote. "The only thing you can do is to avenge us."

"I want to live. I am afraid t

"Six Million Jews Listed Slaughtered. A five-volume "black book" containing a documentary record of the German massacre of approximately six million European Jews was being prepared today by the State publishing house. ... The work was under the general editorship of Ilya Ehrenburg ..."

The Pittsburgh Press (OH), November 28, 1944, page 5.

Russian "Black Book" lists German crimes

MOSCOW, Nov. 28 (BUP).—
The first volume of a five-volume Russian "black book" recording in documentary form of the German massacre of approximately 8,000,000 European Jews has been completed by the Soviet state publishing house and will make its appearance before the end of the year.

The "black book" will record the Germans' unparalleled persecution of Jews in four categories of documents: German decrees and orders of the day, eyewitness accounts of survivors of murder camps, diaries and letters of the victims and accounts of non-Jews who aided in the escape of certain prisoners.

the general editorship of The

Ehrenberg, noted Soviet writer and war correspondent, with an editorial board that includes poetplaywright Kanstantin Simonov, writer Vsevold Ivanov and poetess Vera Imber.

The German passion for order and detail has helped to contribute to the "black book," for accurate records listing the names and origin of victims have been found in many concentration camps captured intact in reoccupied areas.

be published in both Russian and English in press runs of hundreds of thousands of copies—estimate from data now available that the Germans killed between 5,000,000 and 6,000,000 Jews in Russia, Poland and western Europe. They believe an additional 500,000 now are being murdered in Hungary

"Russian "Black Book" lists German crimes. The first volume of a five-volume Russian "black book" recording the documentary form of the German massacre of approximately 6,000,000 European Jews ... The five-volume work is under the general editorship of Ilya Ehrenburg, noted Soviet writer and war correspondent, with an editorial board that ... estimate from data now available that the Germans killed between 5,000,000 and 6,000,000 ..."

The Leader Post (Saskatchewan, Canada), November 28, 1944, page 2

"SIX MILLIONS MURDERED. The Soviet State Publishing House is preparing the publication of another "Black Book," a documentary record of the German massacre of approximately six million European Jews. ... According to the Soviet editors, the Germans killed between five and six million Russian, Polish and Western European Jews, and an additional half million are being murdered in Hungary now."

The Palestine Post, November 28, 1944, page 1.

The five newspaper articles immediately above, are all reporting on the publication of the Black Black, a book produced for the Jewish Anti-Fascist Committee, under the guidance of Jewish Soviet propagandist Ilya Ehrenburg, who was also a Zionist. This first edition of the Black Book was in Yiddish, the World Jewish Congress published an English edition in the United States in 1946. I possess an original 1946 English edition of the Black Book, and the 6,000,000 figure of murdered Jews appears at least three times (pages 4, 241, 396) in the 560 page book.

Photo of an original 1946 English edition of The Black Book, and an article from The New York Post (March 25, 1946, page 12) about the launch of the book.

THE JEWISH CRITERION

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Atlantic 0753

intered as recond-class matter, at the Post Office at Pgh., Pa ubscription Price, \$2.50 per year. Single copies, 10 cents

When a subscriber wishes his paper discontinued at the expiration of his subscription notice to that effect should be sent. Otherwise the expiration of his subscription

The Jewish Criterion has exclusive rights to the World Wide Telegraphic News, Palcor Agency and the Seven Arts Features

Vol. 105, No. 5

EDITORIAL

American Jewish Conference Opens Sunday, December 3

For the second time since our country's entry into the war, the elected representatives of American Jewish communities and national organizations—the delegates to the American Jewish Conference—will meet to review the Jewish scene, receive reports of past activities and map out plans for the future.

The 14 months that have passed since the first session of the American Jewish Conference in New York City have proven that unified action in the fields of Rescue, Palestine and Post-War problems is imperative for the successful implementation of the rehabilitation and reconstruction program which called the Conference into being.

Of the five hundred delegates who will gather in Pittsburgh, nearly one hundred are new ones, some of them alternating for those unable to attend, and some, new appointees of the national organizations. In addition to these changes in personnel, there will also be a change in the number and composition of the groupings, due to a realignment of forces and the formation of a new bloc—the Independent Bloc. However, the continuity of the Conference which has been actually in recess, will be maintained. All committees as constituted at the first session, will continue in the second session, with concomitant changes in their composition.

Judging by the pre-session debate which occupied pages in the entire Jewish press, the past activities of the Conference are expected to be closely scrutinized at the second session, especially during the General Debate at plenary meetings.

The session will open on Sunday, December 3, at 2 p. m. at the William Penn Hotel in Pittsburgh, with the reports of the three co-chairmen of the Interim Committee, to be followed by reports from the Commissions on Rescue, Palestine and Post-War. Almost half the session has been reserved for a general debate, to enable the delegates to express their opinions on past activities as well as on issues facing the future of the Conference. The session is scheduled to conclude on Tuesday evening, December 5. There will be no outside functions of any kind; the entire time of the session will be devoted to the transaction of the plenary and committee meetings.

The General Committee will meet in advance of the session, beginning on Friday December 1, at 10 a. m., to make final arrangements for the three days' meetings Registration of the delegates will begin on Saturday, December 2, at 7 p. m., and will continue the following morning

Of the unfinished business left over from the first session, the election of a delegation to the Peace Conference is among the items with which the second session will have to deal. It will have to decide on the manner in which American Jewry is to co-operate with Jewries from other lands in joint action for post-war rehabilitation and Palestine. Preliminary steps have already been taken by the Conference in consultation with other bodies, to establish harmonious contacts with the Jews of other lands, leading to co-ordinated Jewish representation.

The Magnificent Twosome

Two men, syndicated columnists of no little (but mean) influence, are spearheading a campaign of intimidation against refugees in this country, and even against Americans who lacked the foresight to be born in the United States. It is a campaign after the best style of the K.K.K. Columns of type and calumnious wordage replace the fiery cross in a campaign to cow the refugee and prevent him from enjoying his asylum, and to keep the naturalized American from fulfilling his functions as an American according to the best ductates of his conscience.

We want, however, to draw a distinction between the two men. Pegler, frankiy a menace, can at least command respect for the wallop of his words. Sokolsky's claim to fame can only be based on the fact that he is a strange phenomenon, the son of immigrants, who has even exceeded Pegler in whipping up hate for the foreignborn; a Jew, who lightheartedly did his bit in a vicious campaign against the refugee and foreign born in the year 1944 when Jewry was counting its dead by the

Sokolsky is going strong. It is his expert opinion that any person who has lived in Europe beyond his twelfth year can hardly make a good American, having been indoctrinated by Europe's evils. Sokolsky writes as though much of America's tradition were a personal embarassment to him. Rightly so, for a great deal of the spirit that is the United States has been imported from Europe by persons who came here in adulthood, "indoctrinated" by "Europe's evils." As a matter of fact, these Europeans indoctrinated the constitution itself.

Mr. Pegler has advocated the boycott as a weapon against people who show what he regards as communist tendencies. We do not approve of the boycott, and should like to point out to Mr. Pegler that he may be invoking a dangerous weapon against newspapers syndicating him. And as for Mr. Sokolsky, it is high time that he, who by his writings has contributed

toward the possible excommunication of the refugee and foreign born, should be regarded as an ex-communicant by all Jews.

The World Jewish Congress

The story of the terrible Jewish tragedy in this war has been retold at the emergency conference of the World Jewish Congress which has just been concluded in Atlantic City. Dr. Kubotwitsky, head of the Rescue Department, estimated that apart from Jewish losses in combat service, 5,500,000 Jews have been killed in Germany and German-occupied territories since the outbreak of the war.

These figures exceed the number anticipated even by the most pessimistic. Nor did any other speakers offer any balm. Dr. Nahum Goldmann in fact realistically put the moral responsibility for the Jewish tragedy—"with our own generation."

Future ages will no the able to say that we Jews were very wise—if they are to judge the amount of rescue we were able to accomplish. Nor will they give a better testimonial to our democratic governments. Dr. Goldmann told of the sad experiences with the democracies.

"The democracies cannot say that they were not warned, because since 1933, they were warned again and again. The reply to our warnings were routine measures, red tape and the rejection of measures proposed by us and other Jewish organizations. And what was done was too late or too little. When we asked them to intervene with Germany the reply was that anti-Jewish policies are the internal affairs of a country whose sovereignty forbids other countries to intervene. When we asked the opening of doors to other countries, especially Palestine, the reply was that immigration policies are the internal affairs of a sovereign state. And England's appeasement policy toward the Arabs led to the English to shut the doors of Palestine at a time when their opening was more essential than ever before."

Yes, the Germans murdered close to six million Jews, but the democracies cannol point with any particular pride to their conduct either. Had they acted generously and in time, many might have been saved

"... 5,500,000 Jews have been killed in Germany and German-occupied territories since the outbreak of the war. ... Yes, the Germans murdered close to six million lews."

"… 5,500,000 Jews have been killed in Germany and German-occupied tesritories (sic) since the outbreak of the awr (sic). These figures exceed the number anticipated even by the most pessimistic. ... Yes, the Germans murdered close to six million Jews …"

Jewish Western Bulletin (Vancouver), December 8, 1944, page 2.

The two articles in number ??? in our list are exactly the same (typos aside) but what is notable, is the quote "These figures exceed the number anticipated by even the pessimistic", and then immediately afterwards discussing president of the World Jewish Congress Nahum Goldman, who had thrown out a 6,000,000 prediction himself in 1940, which features as number ??? in our list.

'Peace and the Jew' Topic of Rabbi's Talk at Kiwanis Clul

"Peace and the Jew" was the subject of an address delivered by Rabbi Michael L. Kurz, Congregation Sons of Israel, to the members of the Kiwanis Club attending the weekly meeting Thursday. Rabbi Kurz developed the thought that the Jews, who have suffered at least as much, probably more than any nation during the present way, must, not being a nation, depend upon the conscience of the world at the peacetable. The question is, he said, during one point in his address, not what the Jew will do for the peace, but what the peace will do for the Jew. "I speak of peace and the Jew advisedly," the rabbi said during the introductory portion of his talk, "because the Jew has always been a major spiritual

Referring to the vision of peace as presented in the Bible of the Jews and to the rabbis as teachers of the ideal of peace, the speaker continued to say that the Jew will not be consulted at the peacetable after the war has ended. We must be dealt with as individuals not as a group, he said. Minority states will be represented at the peace negotiations, but little will be said of the Jew as a group because he has no national status. He may have had it at one time but it is lost. Our only political representative at the peace table will be the conscience of the world.

After this statement Rabbi Kurz went on to discuss the selfishness

past, saying that international politics have been a policy of brigandage, but that the United States now feels itself an integral part of the world, that the conscience of America is now awakened and that therefore be talked, asking that the matter of peace for the Jew be considered. "I appeal," he said, "not on the basis of pity, although pity would be warranted. For the past five years Jews have been killed at the rate of 1,000,000 a year for no cause. If the question of pity arises we have the right to it."

The talk continued from here with a description of Jewish children sold at auction, begging people to buy them, knowing that unless they were sold they would starve. When we react to the fact that 150,000 civilians have been killed by indiscriminate bombings, we cannot keep aloof to such things as the 5,000,000 Jews killed without cause, and often with cruelty. But it is not for pity that we appeal to the world. It is for justice.

Saying that the 5,000,000 Jews killed do not include the Jewish soldiers who are fighting in every army of the Allied nations, the speaker asked, "What is the justice to which the Jew is entitled?" "It is," he said, equality as a human being, with no differentiation on the basis of civil or political reasons. That is the question to be answered at the peacetable. We are fighting to liberate peoples of the world, and the Jews have a right to share that liberty.

The speaker went on after that

Evening Recorder (Amsterdam, NY), December 1, 1944, p.8

statement to say in substance that we hear no talk of to many Fords in the automobile business, too many Rockefellers to the oil business, and so on, but we hear of too many Jews, and are asked to discipline, ourselves, as for example, no more Jews to enter the medical profession after a certain maximum has been reached. "This is not only ridiculous, it is not American," the rabbi said. "War cannot afford equality but peace cannot do without it."

The next subdivision of the address was a resume of conditions in Palestine, and Great Britain's violation of the agreement that Jews might enter that region at will. Now they declare that no more may come except by quota. We have said that Hitler is the only man who violates agreements. Now that Britain refuses to allow the Jews a chance to develop their own statehood, we have the right to criticise if this is wrong.

During the latter part of his address the rabbi talked of anti-Semitism in the United States. They are remaining out of eight now, he said, but after the war they will come out of their holes, and may undermine the work of those now in the foxholes. Those who call for their civil liberties, the speaker said in effect, should also remember that liberties should he civil

Scurrilous print should be punished. This is one of the problems that cannot be solved at the peacetable. It must be solved here, and an endeavor made to secure a lasting peace within the nation, the speaker declared.

"When we react to the fact that 150,000 civilians have been killed by indiscriminate bombings, we cannot keep aloof to such things as the 6,000,000 Jews killed without cause, and often with cruelty. ... Saying that the 6,000,000 Jews killed do not include the Jewish soldiers who are fighting in every army of the Allied nations,"

Evening Recorder (Amsterdam, NY), December 1, 1944, page 8.

Letters to the Editor

Readers are invited to contribute their views on current topics. All communications must be signed.?

PALESTINE QUESTION

To the Chester Times:

Having heard that hundreds of telegrams and letters were sent by Chester citizens to Columbia Broadcasting Station protesting against a National hookup by Lessing Rosenwald, it is natural that a clarification should be sought. The matter is really serious and a bit involved, and it does constitute something of an emergance.

Lessing Rosenwald, speaking on a National hookup, on behalf of the American Council of Judalsm, of which he is president, said: "We oppose the establishment of Palestine or any locality as a Jewish state or commonwealth. (We opposer—the preferred status in immigration to those of one religious faith. We regard this as fundamentally undemocratic—it will place in jeopardy the equality of status of Jews every-

Let it be noted that the American Council of Judatsm, for which Mr Rosenwald speaks, was created at a secret meeting in Philadelphia one and a half years ago, as an instrument to sabotage the desires of the American Jewish masses. It was created with the money of Mr. Lessing Rosenwald, of Mr. Suizberger, owner of the New York Times, and of several other upper crust individuals completely out of touch with the heartbeat of America and of Jews. That was the time when American Jewish Conference, which includes 98 per cent of organized the American Jewish Conference, which includes 98 per cent of organized Jewish groups in this country, religious, lay, clerical, fraternal, Zionist, labor, etc. Knowing that this group, which was the most representative of American Jews, would vote overwhelmingly for a Jewish Commonwealth and they did by a vote of 490 to 41, these few individuals sought to frustrate the will of the people and to confuse the minds of Americans.

Their organization still represents a handful, numerically insignificant but unfortunately powerful because of their wealth. Note that both American political bartles, in their recent national platforms, carried a plank favoring the establishment of Palestine as a Jewish Commonwealth. Both Governor Dewey and President Roosevelt explicitly pledged their assistance to attain this end. Representative Sol Bloom, Chairman of the House Foreign Af-

his committee to press for a Bil-which would put Congress on record in favor of a Jewish Common wealth. This is the same bill which members of Congress favored and which would have passed over whelmingly several months ago it the same Mr. Rosenwald and Mr. Sulzberger had not performed the service which Quisling performed for Norway, and which Darlan and Laval performed for France, and which other "super patriots" performed for their own suffering peoples, (The names and statements of the overwhelming majority's members of Congress in favor of a Jewish Commonwealth may be found in a book called "America and Palestine, edited by Reuben Pink and published by the American Zionist Emergency Council, 1944.) These are the services of individuals who are far removed from all this suffering, and whose super-patriotism' blinds them to the acute tortures of their people and leads them to betray them. It is very beautiful for men, who never knew suffering, to speak oily words about Democracy and about being against Nationalism. For them Zionism is too nationalistic; yet Mr. Rosenwald did belong to the America First group, which was our own super National Group in America. These men are, of course, the wo hundred pet cent Nationalists for everybody excepting their own kith and kin. Did Mr. Rosenwald talk about the six million Jews, one out of every three Jews, who have already been slaughtered by the Nazis? Is he fighting for some way to save the last surviving remnants? No! Instead he squanders his wealth to fight against the last haven of refuge that can still save these remaining Jews. And it is the last haven, for neither America, nor England, nor any other country will welcome them. Mr. Rosenwald is the past person in the world to urge open doors to these multilized and condensued victims.

One more thing, Mr. Rosenwald has the offrontery to cast aspersions on the patriotism of Jews and Christians who favor Zionism, not withstanding the fact that 98 per cent of the Jewish masses and a decisive majority of American Christians favor a Jewish Palestine. It would be fudicrous if it were not so trugic for an insignificant minority

to so brand a decisive majority.

The late Supreme Court Justice

Louis Dembitz Brandeis, the late

Supreme Court Justice Benjamin

Cardoza and Supreme Court Justice Felix Frankfurter were ardent Zionists, yet no one would presume to question their understanding of Americanism or their supreme devotion to America. When the Irish display their love for the Irish Free State and the American Dutch, for the Dutch homeland and all other American Nationals for their respective homelands abroad, none but the prejudiced and the purblind would seek to impune their patriotism or to drag red herrings into the picture.

With six million dead abroad, how can the Council of Jucaism members ever be addressed with their own conscience to know that they are frustrating the lase chance of survival for Jews abroad and maligning the broad masses of Jews in Apperica.

Why does Mr. Rosenwald choose this week for his broadcast? Why did his council send out tens of thousands of letters this week to interest Jews throughout the country in his organizations? Why did the New York Times this week especially Sunday, carry three, or four highly slanted anti-Zionist Items? Why is all this sudden excitement on the part of these Jews? Very simple and very ugly! Lord Moyne's assassination in the Near East by two distracted and crazed Palestinian terrorists is the occasion. There are only a handful of terrorists, all of them undoubtedly have fathers and mothers, brothers and sisters who have been butchered in Europe. All of them would have been ready to lay down their lives to bring their relatives to Palestine if Great Britain's White Paper had not barred the way, like fron prison gates. The Nazis butchered all their European Jewish relatives; but Great Britain, even during this war, made it impossible for Palestine to save them. Europe's Jews were like rats caught in a trap. Is it any wonder that a few Jews could not stand the strain and were crazed by the circumstances? Some will naturally seek to take advantage of this unfortunate incident. Some Britishers and some Americans, but these are extremely muddy waters in which to 'fish,' and it is very unlovely for Mr. Rosenwald and Mr. Sulzberger to go 'fishing' at this juncture.

Again Congress is now about ready to carry out the promises of both parties. Could it be that these gentlemen are now anxious to fore-

It is for these reasons that Chester citizens sent several hundred messages to Columbia Broadcasting Station protesting the unfairness of Mr. Rosenwald's broadcast and urging that time be made available over the same National hookup of Columbia Broadcasting Station for a rebuttal by a pro-Zionist, I am informed.

RABBI NAPHTALI FRISHBERG.

"With six million dead abroad, how can the Council of Judaism members ever be addressed with their own conscience to know that they are frustrating the last chance of survival for Jews abroad and maligning the broad masses of Jews in America."

President of the Chester Zionist Organization, Rabbi Naphtali Frishberg's letter in the Chester Times (PA) December 2, 1944, p.6

"6,000,000 JEWS DEAD. The Jewish population in Europe has been reduced from 9,500,000 in 1939 to 3,500,000. … Of the 6,000,000 European Jews who have died, 5,000,000 had lived in the countries under Hitler's occupation."

The New York Times, January 8, 1945.

Wolves they were-

HAVE spent two weeks in Germany tetror-stricken, flaming, smoking Germany, where hogs wander in and out of deserted town halls, and the wind ruffles the tatters of municipal banners emblazoned with eagles, lions and stars.

We might gloat and say: It serves them right—if malice were not beneath us. For us, this is the triumph of justice.

Many, when they talked of retribution, thought only of the clauses of some future treaty. One thing is certain, Fascist obscurantism will find its defenders, jealous champions of "equilibrium"—equilibrium between light and darkness.

This May Teach Then

But whatever our ideas of the future peace may be, one thing is clear retribution has begun. Germany has come to learn what war means. And who knows? perhaps these weeks and months of war on German soil will make a far deeper impression on German memories than any treaty stipulations.

To-day they even salute our horses. World conquest? Why, the notion never entered their heads! I was present at the interrogation of Colonel Heinsgenk. At first he kept reiterating: "Germany is invincible." Then, as if some spring had run down, he protested in an entirely different voice: "How can you call me a Nazi? Why, I was married to a Jewess!"

Yes, they are trying to get rid of their past. "I am a Frenchman"—"I have non-Aryan blood in me "—" My mother was a Dutchwoman."

The girls gaze at the passing Red Army men ingratiatingly, lecherously, as if they were cabaret wattresses instead of burghers' daughters.

Splitting on the Butcher

The Germans know all the orders of our military commandants by heart, "On the instructions of Herr Russian Commandant," they say piously.

They inform against one another:
"The local butcher is an active Nazi"—
"Herr Mueller used to beat Russian
girls "—" Willy the stableman killed a
Polish woman"—"Frau Schmidt
received the thanks of the gauleiter
himself."

They all try to prove their innocence. One brought a certificate to show that eleven years ago the Hitlerites jailed him for a month monther produced a testimonial signed by his ex-slave, a Belgian war prisoner. A third dug up a membership cardet 1938.

A woman in trousers climbs up the front of a building to remove a swastik sign. No one ordered her to do it. She is all sweaty and gleeful. She thinks she has rehabilitated herself in the eyes of

history. But don't ask her how, shi treated Galya, her Russian maidservant The German advances the hands of his watch two hours—"It is now exactly twelve minutes past three, Moscow time," he beams. He is prepared to life by Vladivostok time, so long as he isn't asket about the four Frenchmen who worked for him.

"I am a doctor, and therefore a humanist, whereas the Nazis are fiends," says a venerable physician, while the vicar-general rubs his hands and murmurs: "The Catholic Church always condemned Hitler Of course, I couldn't condemn him openly,

in my own heart. But as for the Evangelicals—" The Lutheran pastor,

for his part, vows: "We also condemned the ungodly regime." An Elbing engineer

declares: "As a man of progressive views, I am against Hitler." Then, with a crafty smile: "And I'm quite willing to work for Russians."

A worker exclaims indignantly: "No one dare call me a Nazi. My father was a social democrat. I myself once voted communist. Of course, I couldn't speak against the regime, because that was strictly verboten. But now I'm prepared to come out against Highe."

They Will Do It Again, If-

Oh, they look like innocent lambs now But wolves they were, and wolves they remain. They are throwing away their daggers engraved "All for Germany! and "Blood and vengeance." But what will they be up to a month hence?

The German can't fight on his own initiative. He waits for orders. Among these scared, confused crowds there are people who have been instructed to engineer sabotage and "putsches." For the present they are lying low. Their countrymen are too terrified for the moment. They need breathing space.

And if they are allowed a breathing space, if they are not taken in hand, if a watch is not kept on them, if an X-ray is not turned on every one of them, then even the medests of them, those who are now crying "Red front!" and trampling on pictures of the fuehrer will be raying about "Greater Germany" again, and will be taking to

rifles, bombs and daggers at the order of some camouflaged oberleutnant or rottenfuebrer.

I have not met genuine remorse in

If there are any creatures at all to be pitied on the roads of Germany, it is only the tiny bewildered children, the crazed unmilked cows, and the abandoned cats and dogs. These alone had no share in Germany's atrocities. All honour to the Soviet soldier who does not believe in the magic of blood, to whom an infant is an infant.

We are not fighting children and old women—we are not Fascists. We nave come to Germany not to vent our feelings, but

vent our feelings, but to eradicate the very memory of the vampire state.
The homes of the burghers

with portraits of Hitler and green goblets for Rhenisl wines. The beer halls have

The Germans have always been in the habit of spending the greater part of their incomes on their homes. Even in peacetime they die not waste much on amusements. They dressed modestly. But they filled their homes with sofas and armchairs, vases and cushions, statuettes

During the war they have accumulated all sorts of knicknacks from Paris and Rotterdam, Florence and Warsaw and Kiev. Their homes are regular bric-a-brae stores. I heard a Red Army man joke, looking into a typical front parlour; "One could live all right in a den like that!"

But no. It was not enough for them. Greed

the Graudenz punishment camp if they caught us at it. They said: 'If you help Bolsheviks you are betraying the idea of the new Furone'"

No. Germany cannot obliterate her

The world now knows that Germany has killed to the military levs. Do they think it is enough for them to take down the street signs, for their atrocities to be forgotten? They swear: "We knew nothing about it. We are innocent." But the evidence is there. They ran away from us in such a hurry that they discarded not only their city banners, not only their official seals and police records, but even their personal papers.

In Germany, side by side with prosperity, everywhere we find intellectual degradation. Every home has its collection of books, splendfully bound copies of "Mein Kampf," "The March into Poland," "Race Hygiene," "The Jewish Plague," "Russian sub-men," "Our Faithful Prussia." What intellectual poverty! However, these books weren't often opened, by the look of them. They were part of the furniture, like the vases and the porcelain cats.

Kindergarten Songs

I looked in vain in Loetzen, Rastenburg and Tapiau for a public library. There vasn't such a thing. I found only one museum—in Bartenstein. What did it ontain? Portraits of Hindenburg and he epaulettes of an officer of the 'tsarist rmy, labelled: "Victory at Tannenberg."

The other exhibits were the uniform of a Polish officer and a photograph of the ruins

Wolves they remain

small, provincial Rastenburg not only the wealthy, but even workers' families had their Russian servant. After all, there was no need to pay her anything

The German agricultural labourers reverence the Prussian land-owners and dreamed of farms of the Ukroine. For had not Erich Koch promised every Prussian a handsome allotment or Russian land? German workers believed that if their bosses seized Russian manganes and French bausite, a share of the spoil would fall to them.

Here in Germany the corrupting influence or Fascism is plainly evident, and it is not easy to draw the line between the dupers and the duped The saddlemaker has in his linen closet fourteet bed sheets—twelve German and two Ukrainian The last are a "present from his son." What did he need with these two Ukrainian sheets?

"A little extra never comes amiss!"

The two stolen sheets didn't come amiss to

The two stolen sheets didn't come amiss to the German saddlemaker. But in the end he lost his son on the Dniester, and he also lost his workshop, his bed and his twelve German sheets.

"We Are Innocent"

They can put their watches forward they can pull down the "Hitlerstrasse' Street signs, but the damning evidence remains at every turn, and cannot be destroyed.

A French army doctor, freed by the Red Army, said to me: "Of course, the Germans behaved brutally to us, too, But we lived like gods compared with the Russians. We tried to share our food with them, but the Germans sent us to of Warsaw, the skeleton of an ape, no less than a hundred portraits of Hitler a beer-mug of the time of Bismarck, and a photograph of a benefactress of the town. That was the sum total of the "muserm".

Loetzen has a splendid school building. If ound in one of the desks a song-book intended for juvenile super-men, containing the words and music of "Merrily fall the bombs on England," Let Jewish blood flow," and "Let the Bolsheviks writhe at the sound of our drums." On the classroom wall was an immenae portrait of Hitler with a little sniveller of five or six standing in front of him, holding a toy gun.

Allied Prisoners' View

One could not live in such a den Culture is not measured by vacuum cleaners or mincing machines. We see the revolting face of Germany, and we are proud to have set the lair of the beast topsy-turvy.

I have spent many hours in cordial conversation with men freed by the Red Army—Frenchmen and Poles, Englishmen and Czechs, Belgians and Serbs, Netherlanders and Greeks, Americans and Australians. Some are loquacious, others tacitum, some are dark, some fair, some are grim, others iovial. But I have not met among them a single defender of the Germans.

The people who have been through the German prison camps know Germany well. The people who have been liberated by the Red Army know what Soviet Russia means. These people from a dozen countries, journeying from captivity, yearn not for any dubions "equilibrium" between good and evil, but for the triumph of Gerties.

Left: German civilians clean up the streets of Lippene, Brand enburg, after the capture of the town by the Red Army.—Photograph by R. Karmen Right: A German town has been cleared of the enemy. The crews of Soviet self-propelled guns stand by while their commander receives his instructions for the next stage of the offensive.—Photograph by A. Shaliber:

"The world now knows that Germany has killed six million Jews."

"The German people murdered, in cold blood, in excess of 6,000,000 European Jews, among them over 3,000,000 Polish Jews. … I accuse the whole German people that in the years 1939 to 1945 they slaughtered upward of 15,000,000 men, among which there were 6,000,000 Jews."

Joseph Thon, president of the National Organization of Polish Jews in America, in his appearance before a U.S Congressional Hearing on the proposed punishments of German war criminals. March 22, 1945.

Punishment of War Criminals. Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives Seventy-ninth Congress, first session, on H. J. Res. 93B. March 22 and 26, 1945. U.S. Government Printing Office. 1946. pp. 79-80.

The Two-Way Procession On The Russian Road

met about 300 Frenchmen liberated by our troops

Most of them had German bicycles. They look well and their mood is belligerent. They are all thirsting to get a crack at the Germans. I told them that some French newspapers were talking about moderation and about forgiving the Viehylies They were indignant. Those aren't Frenchmen," they said. "Wait till we get back to France, then we shall see."

Our officers and men are impressed by the joviality of the Frenchmen. "It's a pleasure to liberate fellows like that," they say. Of course it is. It's a pleasure to put good wine before one who understands wines, and a pleasure to liberate Frenchmen, because they understand liberty. One Marseillais said. "I was taken prisoner at Dunkirk and didn't doubt even then that the Boches would be licked in the end."

There were two processions on the roads—gloomy Germans was had lost everything and a happy medley from all countries who had been liberated from slavery. Today we met Poles, Frenchmen, Englishmen, Serbs, Slovenes Czechs, Belgians, Netherlanders, one American one Greek, and two Danes One could start a foreign language school. You hear the Germans cursed and Russia thanked in every language.

In Elbing

OW we are in Elbing. The inhabitants are crawling out of their nooks and crannies. Out of 100,000 people less than 60,000 remain. The centre of the city was wrecked by artillery fire. The factories are inlact. Slogans and posters are everywhere. One of them is in several languages—Robbery will be punished with death. There were many foreign slaves in Elbing and the Germans feared to be attacked by hungry and exhausted slaves.

There is a long queue outside the gool. It appears that the Germani are imploring to be taken in. The think they'll be safer in gool. When I went is, I found it crowded will Germans eagerly talking to one

another, but at my approach they began of course, to curse Hitler

When the street fighting in Elbing was over, we found the Swiss vice-consul in one of the cellars. He had spent a week underground and looked anything but a diplomat. He was conducted to the corps headquarters and the general treated him to hot tea. M. Charles Brandenburg (that was the vice-consul's name) wore a fixed smile on his face. He couldn't believe his luck at being still aire, and exclaimed fervently. I'm a professional diplomat and neld posts abroad for 30 years, but after those days in the cellar my one ambition is to return home and never—ves, messieurs never—leave Switzerland again."

British Priseners Freed

MET some Britons—two army doctors, a regimental chaplain and about 200 soldiers. They had been in Orianienburg and were outraged at the way the Germans treated prisoners of war. They expressed their surprise at our magnanimity. Some South Airsean officers asked me to conveyword to their families and sat down to write messages there and then on the road.

In the evening a movie was arranged for the Britons in the house of a German landowner. They were shown an American film One Englishman was almost moved to tears. This is the first lime for over four years, he said "that we have seen women love and happiness. The Germans only showed us a propaganda film of Hitler and the bombing of London."

There is confusion and dismay in Koenigsberk. I have just talked to an Abatian who was in the fown the flax before vesterday. The richer, higher placed folk flex the city over the ice or in bould. The town is attaine. The Germans compet the Russian and French Proposes.

ranean factory Erich Kock ith ganiciters bellows daily. Hole firm." Yesterday I neard him appealing over the radio. "Fight like Indiana." Heavens! To what depths of silliness have the Germans Islien under Hitler. Their favorite author is Karl May a untalented writer of stupid novel

Ogling Women

TALKED to some young German women. All wear pants They say it is the fashion They roll their eyes at you, as if they were experienced cocoltes not the daughters of respectable burghers.

I spent the evening with a Frenchman Capt Lucien Raffail, a prisoner from Dunkirk This is what Raffail said apropos the decisions of the Yaita conference.—"I would like to take part in the occupation of Germany this time we must make an end of the Reches over feet all."

Frenchmen on the road are singing. Paris Mon Petit Village. One of them is worsing the burgo-master's top hat and smoking a fat cigat. Then come a couple of Prench prisoners and a Russian girl who had been forcibly deported to Germany. He says. I tove her passionately and would rather die than be separated from her. He is temperamentally a southerner and speaks with fervor. The girl is anything but pretty but is evidently very kind-hearted. They converse with one another in broken German.

worked on the estate of Baroness Zieghauren I saw two Netherlanders. They wanted to know whether the traitors of Midleburg had been arrested.

An Australian

sAW on Australian tracing a map of the Pacific in the dirt of this German land.

camp at Dobrek, near Elbing, where

skilled six million Jews—all the Jews of Poland Hungary, the Ukraine Lithuania Byelo-Russia West Europe and of course Germany in Dobrek they kept the brain workers. They flogged and maltreated them drenched them with water in the winter frost, and turned them into icy statues. It this way was killed Eisner, an archited from Prague, with his family Professor Waren of the Vienna Conservatoire, and Professor Mabriska, from Kovno Abous a thousand Jewish women were sent from Dobrek to the southern border of East Prussia to distrenches. When the Germani retreated they gave the women injections of poison. A few survived. I saw them covered with terrible boils and ulcers. They lold of the Germans rusualities and our troops when they entered

The trial of Germans will be a crim affair and if they find defenders there will be millions upon millions of accusers living and dead

I have to return to Moscow am happy to have trampled or German soil

Haven't I seen German bombs failing on Madrid? Haven't I seen Germans entering Paria and the Russian roads in the summer of 1941 when Messerschmitts strafed every carl and every human being

Now I've lived to see the triumph of fusice. That does not fall to everyone's for You usually read about it in books, but are vourself born either too late or too early It is our good fortune to witness if The final act will be roming soon in the spring I think we should be meeting our Allies on the rutne of

Concluded: The first article ap-

World copyright (Natribuled by Overseas Press Incurposated, New York,

"The Germans killed six million Jews—all the Jews of Poland, Hungary, the Ukraine, Lithuania, Byelo-Russia, West Europe and of course Russia."

Ilva Ehrenburg writing in the The Advertiser (Adelaide), March 27, 1945, page 4.

"NAZIS HAVE MURDERED SIX MILLION JEWS. Of a population of 16 million Jews in the world before the war, more than six million had been murdered by the Nazis."

Army News (Darwin), April 11, 1945, page 1.

Fascism's Typhoid Mary

Well, what has happened to this Typhoid Mary of fascism?

At the moment, Franz Von Papen is living in a private home in Rheims. The only sign he is a prisoner are his guards.

To a member of Parliament who asked what about Von Papen, Minister of State Richard Law could only answer that he didn't know, his fate was under consideration.

Von Papen knew this would happen. When we grabbed him he murmured politely, "I can't imagine what you want with an old man."

He hit the nail on the head.

We don't know what to do with him. Just as we didn't know what to do with Hess.

Up to last December Hitler was not even listed by the United Nations War Crimes Commission as a war criminal, although by that time his regime had murdered six million innocent souls.

We don't know what to do with Von Papen, Hess, Zapp. That is why American prisoners are being murdered today.

The Nazi leaders felt they had nothing to fear. 'They murdered six million Jews, but nothing was done. In the words of the Czech delegate to the London War Crimes Commission, the Commission is honeycombed with "experts of international law who do nothing but invent hindrances to the effective punishment of war criminals."

Because we let Jews die and did nothing, because we squabbled over legal points, the Nazis felt they had acquired immunity. And so, from murdering Jews it was easy to proceed to killing Poles, then Russians, then Frenchmen, Britishers and finally American prisoners.

"Up to last December Hitler was not even listed by the United Nations War Crimes Commission as a war criminal, although by that time his regime had murdered six million innocent souls. ... The Nazi leaders felt they had nothing to fear. They murdered six million Jews, but nothing was done."

No.212, April 1945

"The Christian world, and I include England, of course, in the Christian world, suffered six million of the people of Jesus of Nazareth to die in a most horrible manner. The Christian world owes the Jews some reparation."

Zionist Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, speaking at the U.N. Peace Conference in San Francisco in May 1945.

As quoted in: Finkelstein, Norman H. Friends Indeed: The Special Relationship of Israel and the United States. Connecticut: Millbrook Press. 1998. p. 33.

Nazis Destroy Six Million Jews

Only 500,000 Left Alive in Germany

Read an editorial, "Truth in a

By PAUL GHALI

Copyright, 1945, by The Pittsburgh Pres

BERN, May 12 — At least one point in Adolf Hitler's "Meln Kampf" program has been carried out thoroughly — the bestial extermination of European Jews.

Of the eight million Jews living in Germany and German occupied countries before the war, 6.200.000 have died from either execution, cruel treatment or starvation, according to latest figures compiled by Jewish welfare organizations here.

500,000 Left in Reich

In Germany, where the great majority of European Jews had been concentrated, only 500,000 are alive today—and the word "alive" is a mere figure of speech. Now that the story of their suffering can be told without harming the survivors, it may be pointed out that the martyrdom of Europe's Jews ran through three phases.

The first was the period of "extermination" proper from the time of the declaration of war on Russia until the end of 1942. Millions of Jews were taken to the camps at Auschwitz. Maidenek and Tremblinka which beasted the most modern gas execution chambers and crematories for bodies. The SS hordes invading Russia were instructed to shoot all Russian Jews wherever they were encountered.

The Weak Disappear

By the end of 1542, however, Germany felt the need for foreign labor and the remaining ablebodied Jews were sent to work camps. The women, old men and children all disappeared into the gas chambers.

The slavery of the able-bodied and the execution of the frail continued until the beginning of 1944, by which time the Nazis had reached the saturation point of their cruelty. More than five million Jews had been liquidated and the remaining ones were no longer regarded as a "problem," as Hitler saw it.

difficulties making human ship-(Continued On Page 8, Column 5)

Nazis Destroy Six Million Jews

(Continued from Page One)

ments to the death centers to costly. The Nazis thought it high time to make money out of what was left of the Jews.

Rudolph Kaster, a Budapest lawyer who, since April, 1944, has devoted his time to rescuing his fellows of Jewish faith from the Nazi grip, told how he "bought" 30.000 Jews from the Nazi SS member, Kurt Becher.

Becher was sent to Budapest "to detect everything in Hungary which might be useful to German economy." He bargamed Hungarian Jews, then in the hands of the Budapest Gestapo, against money or jewels and promises of more money and jewels.

Only 10,000 Arrive

Thirty thousand Jews were deported in this manner from Hungary and the SS promised that they would be allowed to leave for Switzerland. Only 10,000, however, arrived here.

As for the others, they were kept in Austria, though not ill treated.

This operation was most remunerative for Becher. For each Jew he deported from Hungary, Becher received from Premier Szalassi's Quisling Government 1200 pengoes for "transport expenses."

Only promises were made — and never kept, says Kastner. Gestapo Chief Himmler, he added, was fully informed of the "deal" and was ready to release all the Jews in his hand—some 800.000.

"Nazis Destroy Six Million Jews. ... Of the eight million Jews living in Germany and German occupied countries before the war, 6,200,000 have died from either execution, cruel treatment or starvation, according to latest figures compiled by Jewish welfare organisations here. ... Nazis Destroy Six Million Jews."

No.214, June 1945

Above are two pages from David Irving's 1996 book Nuremberg: The Last Battle, using the private diary of Robert H. Jackson, Chief U.S. Prosecutor at the main Nuremberg trial, Irving explains how Jackson visited F.B.I. officials in New York on June 11, 1945,and during the day he had a private meeting with three Jewish lawyers, Judge Nathan Perlman, Dr Jacob Robinson and Dr Alexander Kohanski. Irving quotes from Jackson's diary, of him inquiring of the Jews, about their loses at the hands of the Nazis:

"How great were these losses, inquired Jackson, seeking a figure to use at the coming trial. 'Six million,' responded Dr. Robinson, and indicated that the figure included Jews in all Nazi-occupied lands 'from the Channel to Stalingrad' ... Jackson noted that day: 'I was particularly interested in knowing the source and reliability of his estimate as I know no authentic data on it.'"

Irving, David. Nuremberg: The Last Battle. London: Focal Point Publications. 1996, p.61.

These supplies were rushed from Teheran, Persia where this photograph was taken to the Russian-Iranian border where they were taken the Russian authorities who make sure that these relief supplies of food and clothing get to the Jews of Poland.

Jewish Congress Makes Public Report Polish Correspondent

tetailed report on the condithe surviving Jews or Poland the activities of the Central nal Committee of Polish --- been received by the Can-Jewish Congress from its corident in Poland.

have just returned from a tenip to Poland where I saw Jewimmittees and spoke to Dr.

Berman and to Dr. Emil stem and personally investhe situation," writes this ordent.

If the 3,500,000 Polish Jews 1939 no more than 500,000 \nurvived, of whom 200,000 or art, still in Russia, 130,000 in and and the rest emigrated to

'Of 130,000 Jews in Poland, 000 are in the army, 16,000 are and unable to work, 5,000 are illdren and 5,000 are employed.

of are out of camps. Sixty per l underline 60%, either havactive or latent tuberculosis. Thus the Government has given 30, 00,000 zloty for social assistance and children's aid, and 16,000,000 for loans, for productivization, in the light of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the control of the

Jews who returned from camps receive first class ration cards and food supply from Jewish institutions.

liberated Poland there also came liberation to a small group of Jewish survivors. Already in July a manifesto of the Polish Committee for National Liberation, leaders of the new Poland, declared the equality of all citizens regardless of difference of religion or nationality. After the liberation of the country all Jews, humiliated and persecuted, began to emerge from their hiding places in forests and in cellars and, despite their difficult moral and material situation, began to work to rebuild and to advance their ruined country. The Polish Government welcomed those Jews and knowing their difficult material situation gave them truly substantial help. Jewish leaders in Poland concluded that to help Jews it was necessary to create a central office for coordinating all Jewish activities and thus in November 1944 there was set up the Central Provisional Committee for Polish Jews. Its duties were as follows:

To help supply food and to

assist in the amelioration of materia

To analyze the economic and political basis of the country and on that foundation to direct Jews to self-help through employment in factories, workshops, cooperatives

3. Just after the liberation Jewish children who had been miraculously saved began to appear. Some of them had survived through being hidden by Polish families and others through hiding in forests, cellars and in other hiding places. It was necessary to organize committees to take care of these children most of whom were homeless orphans.

4. To create special commissions to gather documents and materials concerning the murders perpetrated against the defenceless Jewish people by the German occupants.

   To register all survivors and to contact their brethren living throughout the world.

"After the victorious January of fensive Lublin became the capita of the liberated areas. It was the decided to reorganize the Jewis Committee on a broader basis wit leaders who worked in the under ground. The regregated committee

following parties: the Polish Work-\ners Party, the Bund, the Poale Zion
together with the Zionist Centre,
the Left Poale Zion, the Democrats,
the Jewish Fighting Organization,
the Hechalutz and Pioneers, the Hashomer Hatzair, and the Union of
the Lordin Parties.

"The Jewish Committee has the following officers: President, Dr. Fmil Sommerstein; Vice-Presidents, Dr. Abraham Berman, Mark Bitter, Major Dr. Shlomoh Hershenhorn; General Secretary, Paul Zelitsky. The members of the presidium are Lt. Gustave Alef and Joseph Zack, and the treasurer is Mordecai Zonsein. Other members of the Central Committee are: Itzchok Zukerman, Sale Fischgrunt, Szolom Grajjch, Chaskiel Kameras, Mechel Kossower, Zivia Lubetkin, Henryk Shuldenfrei, Josef Szklar, Major Dr. Tenczyn-Znachor, Jonas Turkow, Hersz Wasser, Paul Zelitsky.

"To cope with the responsibilities of caring for thousands of Jews who kept coming from the camps and from liberated areas, the committee established seven branches: Social Aid, Children's Aid, Productivization, Evidence and Statistics, Information and Propaganda, Health, and Library. The following is a report of the work of each branch

"1. Social Aid—The Polish Government gave the Jewish Committee 30,000,000 zloty for its work. Of this 16,700,000 were used for (1) monetary aid to people returning from the camps (b) for 25

dining rooms giving 10,000 daily meals (c) hostels for homeless and (d) aid for the aged and sick. Clothing was received from the Polish Government and that which came from Palestine from the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee and from South Africa was distributed among the threadbare survivors." (The United Jewish Refugee and War Relief Agencies in Canada sent a large shipment of army tunics, shoes, trousers, overcoats and soap to Poland as soon as possible after receiving an appeal from Dr. Emil Sommerstein. More recently, more than 300,000 boxes of sardine paste were sent from Canada. In addition, the Joint Distribution Committee has been sending food and medical supplies from Stockholm and clothing and shoes at the rate of fifty tons per week, customs prepaid, from Teheran).

"2. Children's Aid—I has is divided into three branches. The closed children's houses were half opened. About 4,000 children are now registered in the records of this department. Mostly they are orphans or have lost one parent. Most of them are threatened with phthisis and require special aid and food. An up-to-date branch organized in Otwock for 130, Zatrzebie Falenica for 150, Lublin 150, Lodz Helenowek for 120, Bielsko 100, Chorzow 80, Przmysł and Czenstochowa for

"Two boarding houses have also been established, one in Lublin for 40 and one in Chorzow for 80 children, in addition to two children's institutes in Cracow for 80 and in Bialystok for 60. Assistance includes rest rooms and partial boarding house for 170 children in Cracow and a children's school for 100 in Lodz. A children's school for

"Direct assistance consists of as follows: for mothers and orphans with one parent, 500 zloty monthly. Cash assistance to Poles keeping Jewish children 1,000 zloty monthly providing sick children with food, especially with fats. Such aid is given to 527 children in Cracow, 365 in Warsaw, 300 in Lodz, 250 in Kielce, 200 in Kaowice, 200 in Kielce, 200 in Kaowice, 200 in Bialystock, and 100 in Przmysl. All this aid is quite insufficient and my observation shows that lack of funds is reflected badly in the health of the children. These children must be directed to boarding houses and children's homes. In my opinion there are almost no healthy Jewish children in Poland.

"3, Productivization Branch—Dr. Abraham Berman told me that in this the greatest attention is paid to direct Jewish people to productive work on behalf of rebuilding of the Polish state and the Jewish nation. Productivization includes the making possible of employment of qualified workers in their professions, teaching skills to young people and guiding them to new professions. Until today the

results are as follows: 27 co-operatives employing 1300 were created. 225 mechanical workshops and 50 companies have been set up employing 2,965. Three hundred and seventy-five specialists have been directed to various institutions, and 175 school workshops for non-qualified youths have been organized. In all 5,115 have found this type of

"Summarizing this, Dr. Sommerstein told me, 'In June the Jews
of Poland numbered 100,000. Thirty
thousand more came from the camps
during this month making a total
of 130,000. A total of 16,000 belong to the Woisko Polske. Among
the 30,000 from the camps are 5,000
children up to the age of 14 who
are unfit for work. In forming cooperatives serious difficulties arose
that have been overcome only recently. The problems of financing
productivization are great. Cooperative banks have been established with
a capital of 5,500,000 zloty from
the Central Jewish Committee. The
bank has 403 members with 673
shares. Loans have been extended to
an amount of 5,276,300 zloty. The
banks have already received 8,060
zloty in registration fees, 67,100
zloty as their share of payments,
118,323 zloty interest (6% annu-

"4. Department of Evidence and Statistics—The department is busy registering Jews and seeking their relatives abroad. It received thousands of letters both from inside and outside the country. The materials on hand are not complete because new people are constantly registering. The department has given me the names of tens of thousands of survivors and I am now cabling them. All names will be supplied to me within a few weeks and America will then have a full list of

"5. Department of Information, Propaganda and Culture—This department created a Jewish press agency which has issued some forty official reports and has organized 72 radio broadcasts. Eight issues of "Dos Naje Leben" in 8,000 copies have already appeared. In every large city Jewish concerts are organized. In Lodz dramatic circles are functioning. In Czonstochowa and Lodz sport clubs have been opened. The department contributes to the fight against the remains of Hitler ideology in Poland, against fascism in all its forms and against anti-semitism.

"6. Central Historical Commission
—This commission is gathering all
materials, documents, and photographs illustrating the martyrology
of Polish Jews and of the Jews of
all Europe. This proves that the
Germans murdered six million
pean Jews in Poland. Already enormous archives have been collected
with authentic documents on Hitler
Himmler, and others which illustrate the whole organization and
technique of the extermination of
the Jews. These materials will be\nexhibited at the peace conference

The Jewish Quiz Box

By Rabbi Samuel J. Fox

Question-What is the nature of the shroud required for proper

Answer—The shroud, which is usually known by the Hebrew name "Tachrichin" is made of white linen which is cut and sewn together with large stitches. The ends of the thread are left unknotted. Generally several garments are so constructed. In the case of a man there are a cap, breeches, shirt, an over-garment and a girdle. For a woman, an apron with strings usually replaces the breeches and the girdle and the cap is flat. In a religious man's attire is added the Tallit (prayer-shawl) he wore at prayers, but with some of the fringes removed or cut. It should be pointed out though, that these customs vary somewhat in different localities.

Question—Why is it that the shrouds are all white and of uniform construction?

Answer—Prior to the destruction of the Second Temple the Jews were buried in the garments they used to wear during life. The poor were thus not as elaborately dressed as the rich. Later the rich grew to be very extravagant in this respect, securing fanciful and costly garments, and establishing a custom which became a burden upon mourners of the middle and poorer classes, who could not very well endure the expense and yet were driven to it in an attempt to show the highest respect for the dead. This caused the Rabbis of the Talmudic ages under the leadership of Rabbi Gamliel (Tractate Moed Katan 27b) to inaugurate the custom of using a simple linen shroud for poor and rich alike. In the manifestation lies embedded the profound truth of Judaism, which seeket to establish equality in humanity and displayed it by making the shroud of all dead bear the same uniform pattern and make. The white is indicative of the purity of the soul as well as the simplicity of man.

(Copyright, 1945, Jewith Telegraphic Agency Inc.)

and will be helpful in duing justice to the criminals.

"The Central Committee of Pol-\nish Jews is located in Warsaw-Praga
at 31 Szeroka Street. Its activities\nembrace the whole country and
branches now exist in 250 communities. There are 10 palatinate
committees, 3 district committees,
and 250 local committees. There are
functioning committees in Lodz.
Cracow, Radom, Silesia, Warsaw,
Tarnow, Chenstochowa, Kielce, and
Bialystock. But possibly the most\nimportant problems raised in my
discussions with Polish Jewish lead-\ners concern their needs. At my direct request they have prepared the
following list of immediate needs

"50,000 zloty for productivization and the struggle against phthi

"Clothing — personal, shirting, bedclothes, white linen, babies' and children's wear, boots, blankets and ouilts.

"Medicaments and preparations, X-ray and quartz lamps.

"Tools and machines for shoemakers, sewing machines, hosiery machines, tools and machines for weavers, knitting machines, electric motors from .16-10 horsepower 220-380 volts, turners and mech-

"Raw materials-such as, wool

cotton, linen, leather, thread

Foods, fats, preserves, cod liver oil, cocoa, chocolate, tea, macaroni, dried fruits, milk, ovaltine, powdered eggs, sugar, sago, honey, soap, "Teasuruke and 10 cars for work

nd loading.

"These are only outstanding needs. But more is needed in the way of hospital and children's home equipment."

Anti-Zionist Arabs Active in Canada

Claiming to act as a link between Canada and the Arab World, "The Canadian Arab," a monthly publication, printed by the Canadian Arab News Service, devotes itself mainly to attacks on the Zionist movement and Zionist aims in Palestine.

The second issue of the publication, just published, contains an antiZionist article by A. E. Prènce, professor of history at Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, as well as
an article entitled "Political Zionism\nis a Threat to Future Peace," by F.
S. Malouf, who is described as cofounder of the Institute for Arab
American Affairs. Editorially the
paper says that "the gospel of hatred and blackmail sold to Canadians and other citizens of democratic nations by representatives of political Zionism has greatly dimmed the
light of freedom."

"This commission is gathering all materials, documents, and photographs illustrating the martyrology of Polish Jews and of the Jews of all Europe. This proves that the Germans murdered six million European Jews in Poland."

WORLD ZIONIST MEET OPENS Weizmann Charges Exclusion of Jews From Seat At San Francisco

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LONDON (WNS)—The first World Zionist Conference since 1939 opened here this
week with an appeal by Dr. Chaim Weizmann, president of the World Zionist Organization, urging the United Nations to recognize the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine as "one of the fruits of victory."

Cooperation With Arabs

Dwelling on the contribution made by the Jews to the United Nations war effort, Dr. Weizmann said the Arabs had "tremendous gains to register in terms of political emancipation and potential unity as a result of the last war and the present war—gains which it do not begrudge them, but which in simple truth must be admitted

to be utterly incommensurate with their sufferings and sacrifices and with their contribution to the common cause."

He pledged cooperation with the Arabs in a Jewish Palestine, declaring that the Arabs in Palestine will retain their possessions, their cultural, religious and linguistic identity as well as complete equality of rights.

and on the recognition of Jewi rights to unrestricted immigrati and settlement in Palestine. T Zionists, he said, will not develop from the objective of developing

tion.

Addressing the opening session of the conference to the cheers of the delegates and about 1,000 visitors, including many American servicemen. Dr. Weizmann appealed to the British Government for a Palestine policy based on the acceptance of Zionist principles

Assails White Paper Policy

Pointing out that because of the White Paper only 65,000 Jews were able to find refuge from the Nazi terror, the leader of the World Zionist Organization stressed that "if it had not been for the impediments placed in our way by the White Paper policy, many tens of thousands might have been saved." The White Paper, he added, "set a gulf between the British Government and the Jewish people."

Dr. Weizmann disclosed that a Zionist program on the major political issue had been submitted to the British Government last October and May, and he asked for a speedy decision on a recent request for 100,000 certificates to allow remnants of European Jewry to enter Palestine.

Stressing that the allocation of certificates under the White Paper was almost exhausted, he asked: "Are we then, to read over the gates of Palestine: 'No Jews need apply here'? Could any fair-minded man read it—after all that has happened—and not hid his head in shame?" Simultaneously he appealed to all governments to grant free exit to all Jews desiring to go to Palestine. "I appeal to the conscience of the world," he said "to let my people go."

Deplores Exclusion of Jews

He described as "a sad commentary on the peculiar political morality of this world" the fact that States had been admitted to the San Francisco Conference with the ink on their war declarations hardly dry, while the Jews, who had lost 6,000,000 victims to Nazism in Europe, had more than 1,000 soldiers in all Allied Armies 35000

Palestinian volunteers and a brigade of their own were "relegated to the corridor." The continuance "of this anomaly is intolerable," Dr. Weizmann said. "Is that struggle," he asked, "to bring to the Arabs all the fulfillment of all their hopes, and to the Jews merely the realization of all their

Labor Party Leaders Support Zionism

Dr. Weizmann, referring to the new British Labor Government, said that the Zionist movement had never linked its destinies with any political parties. He noted, however, "with singular satisfaction" the Labor Party leader's support of Zionism in the past. He recalled the solid vote of the British Labor Party against the

White Paper and its pro-Zionist resolutions, stressing that when the White Paper was adopted Herbert Morrison, now Lord President of the Council, had declared that that document would not be binding on subsequent governments.

He paid tribute to Winston Churchill, calling him a sincere friend of the Zionist movement.

Warns Against Prolongation of Agony

The Zionist leader emphasized that the primary responsibility of enunciating a new policy with regard to Palestine is Britain's, but he recalled the declaration on the Palestine problem by both major American political parties and the endorsement of the Zionist cause both by the late President Roosevelt and by President Truman. He appealed to the United Nations, particularly the United States and Soviet Russia, "to give their approval and support to the righting of an ancient wrong."

While disclosing that he had good reason to believe that the British Government will revise its Palestine policy "as soon as the European war was over," and that the tendency toward postponing settlement of the question was not surprising in view of the urgent questions on the international agenda, Dr. Weizmann warned that delay would only mean "the prolongation of the agony of the Jewish survivors in Europe, the growing of tension, and finally a crisis."

"Unless there is a clear road," he said, "the position is bound to deteriorate. Our people in Europe are going under, while in the Middle East new facts are being created which are calculated to prejudge the issue. It cannot be expected that a people should look with equanimity on the agony of their brothers who have survived so fearful a holocaust, and on the liquidation of their national home, the foundations of which are laid with so much devotion. I am speaking as a person for whom cooperation with His Majesty's Government has been a fundamental article of faith and who for twenty-eight years has preached forebearance in relation to Paitain."

Dr. Weizmann concluded his address with an appeal to the Jews in Palestine "not to lose heart, to stand fast and continue with set face against attempt by a handful of irresponsible men to distort the legitimate political struggle by suicidal resort to terrorism."

(Continued On Page 4)

"while the Jews, who had lost 6,000,000 victims to Nazism in Europe,"

"… some 6,000,000 men, women, and children - were put to death by the Nazis and their satellites."

The Times (London), August 14, 1945.

No.218, August 1945

"Two-fifths of all Jewry—nearly 6,000,000 men, women and children—were butchered."

The Evening Post (Wellington, NZ), August 21, 1945, page 5.

Rabbi Stephen S. Wise yet again.

Christian Meet Will Discuss Palestine Question

NEW YORK (WNS)—Plans for a World Christian Conference for Palestine in Washington on November 1 and 2 to coordinate world-wide Christian support of Zionist aspirations were announced by Dean Howard M. Le Sourd of Boston University and Dr. Carl Hermann Voss, co-directors of the American Christian Palestine Committee.

Dean Le Sourd and Dr. Voss were interviewed at La Guardia Field following their return on the Capetown Clipper from the World Zionist Conference in London, which they attended as observers.

The co-directors said that their committee would invite to the conference delegates from more than a score of countries in Europe, North and South America, and the British Dominions

It will insist, they reported, on removing the barriers to Jewish immigration into Palestine, call for more Jewish colonization and land purchase there, and lay the foundations for a democratic Jewish Commonwealth in Palestine.

"Throughout the world there is a growing indignation over the barbarism and the unspeakable truelty of the mass murders of

six million Jews by the Nazis", they asserted "Virtually nothing was done to stop this carnage of European Jewry."

"But now we must see to it that the pitiful remnant of a million and a quarter Jews left in Europe are rescued from their miserable plight. Their status today as displaced persons is as bad, and is in some cases worse, than under the Nazis".

Dean Le Sourd and Dr. Voss said that the fulfillment of the Zionist program is the only practicable answer to the problem. In addition they announced, they got assurances that the new government in Britian intends to fulfill its commitments on Palestine as soon as possible.

"Throughout the world there is a growing indignation over the barbarism and the unspeakable cruelty of the mass murders of six million Jews by the Nazis"

Ohio Jewish Chronicle, August 31, 1945, page 1.

Same article in another publication

Christian Conf. To Discuss Zionism

• NEW YORK (WNS)—Plans for a World Christian Conference for Palestine in Washington on November 1 and 2 to coordinate world-wide Christian support of Zionist aspirations were announccd by Dean Howard M. Le Sourd of Eoston University and Dr. Carl Hermann Voss, co-directors of the American Christian Palestine Com-

Dean Le Sourd and Dr. Voss were interviewed at La Guardia Field following their return on the Captown Clipper from the World Zionist Conference in London, which they attended as observers.

The co-directors said that their committee would invite to the conference delegates from more than a score of countries in Europe, North and South America, and the British Dominions.

It will insist, they reported, on removing the barriers to Jewish immigration into Palestine, call for more Jewish colonization and land purchase there, and lay the foundations for a democratic Jewish Commonwealth in Palestine.

"Throughout the world there is a growing indignation over the harbarism and the unspeakable cruelty of the mass murders of six million Jews by the Nazis," they asserted. "Virtually nothing

was done to stop this carnage of

"But now we must see to it that the pitiful remnant of a million and a quarter Jews left in Europe are rescued from their miserable plight. Their status today as displaced persons is as bad, and is in some cases worse, than under the

Dean Le Soutd and Dr. Voss said that the fulfillment of the Ziohist program is the only practicable answer to the problem. In addition, they announced, they got assurances that the new government in Britain intends to fulfill its commitments on Palestine as soon as possible.

"Throughout the world there is a growing indignation over the barbarism and the unspeakable cruelty of the mass murders of six million Jews by the Nazis"

Jewish Western Bulletin (Vancouver), September 7, 1945, page 47

No.220, September 1945

"Altogether, it is estimated that six million Jews have been killed."

The Manchester Guardian (UK), September 5, 1945, page 8.

No.221, September 1945

"SIX MILLION JEWS KILLED BY GERMANS. Throughout the war the Germans killed 6,000,000 Jews, the number left in Europe being approximately 1,600,000 ... most surviving Jews desired to emigrate to Palestine. The agency plans to send six groups of six men each to help Jews in German camps. ... It is planned to erect a monument on the summit of Mount Scopus to commemorate the Jews who died. It will bear the names of all the 6,000,000, including soldiers, partisans and ghetto fighters. All the Jewish cultural documents and religious objects left in Central and Eastern Europe are to be collected in Palestine."

The Canberra Times (Australia), September 6, 1945, page 1.

Below is a slight variation on the article which appeared as No.221 in our list, they clearly emanated from the same source.

"The Germans killed 6,000,000 Jews during the war, said Mr. Eliahu Dobkin, … It was planned to erect a monument at the summit of Mt. Scopus to commemorate the Jews who died. It would bear the names of all 6,000,000,"

The Evening Post (Wellington, NZ), September 6, 1945, page 7.

"Almost 6,000,000 Jews were wiped out during these years,"

DAY OF ATONEMENT OBSERVED BY JEWS

Yom Kippur Fast Will End at Sunset—Rabbis Call for Human Brotherhood

Jews the world over began yesterday at sundown the observance of Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, most sacred day in their religious calendar, by attending Kol Nidre services in temples and synagogues.

The holiday, which will end at sunset today, is marked by a twenty-four-hour fast by the devout, who, through prayer and penitence, seek forgiveness of sins and rededication to God.

Jewish members of the armed forces in Tokyo and Berlin, in Manila and Calcutta and in other remote places attended services. Many soldiers and sailors in domestic camps and stations received furloughs and leaves to spend the blidger at home.

Rabbis in sermons here emphasized the need for penitence of all mankind and for realization of the ideal of human brotherhood, especially in view of the development

In Temple Emanu-Ei, Sixty-litting Street and Fifth Avenue, Rabbi Nathan A. Perilman declared that "not until the religious conception of man is accepted by all the world will we be free from the tensions and strife and insecurity that has

"It is in religion that man, child of God, is truly understood," he continued. "It will be through religion that man will be restored, lifted above the mean role which the last generation has assigned to him, freed from the enslavement of immutable economic laws and made once again the real being that he is rather than clay on the wheel of a potter. Through religion man will be as God made him, 'little lower than the angels and crowned with glory and honor."

Brotherhood of Man

Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, before the Free Synagogue in Carnegie Hall said:

"Banishment from the brother hood of man has been an awfu fate, but, despite the most griev ous losses, the Jew goes on and dreams of helping mankind to refashion and to live by the Jews'

In the Spanish and Portuguese Synagogue, Seventieth Street and Central Park West, Rabbi David de Sola Pool held that "this should be an atonement period for all mankind, a call to sit in the ashes piled up by our incendiary bombs and consider our ways, lest manmade evil destroy us completely.

"Despite all the monstrous infamy of these last years," he continued, "human idealism is strong er than bestiality. Religion can subdue evil. There is greater survival value in right than in might."

Rabbi Louis I. Newman in Temple Rodeph Sholom, 7 West Eighty third Street, said:

"Six million Jews have died a martyrs and their blood cries up from the ground. The least that America and Britain can do is to open the doors of Palestine to Jewish immigration and to enable the homeless and the wandering to come at last to security and peace.

"American Jewry," commented Rabbi Israel Goldstein in Temple B'nai Jeshurun, Eighty-eighth Street, near Broadway, "will be called upon for a long time to be the big brother of Jewish communities the world over. It must prepare itself for this responsibility by matching its philanthropic with its educational and religious activities"

"If there is one tendency in this country that we must watch," said Rabbi William F. Rosenblum in Temple Israel, 210 West Ninety-first Street, "it is the carelessness with which a certain section of our press accuses our Allies of being dangerous, merely because they may prefer a different form of free government or have different solid ideals."

Individual Worth

"A happier world will come into being," Rabbi Morris M. Goldberg told Congregation Shaare Zedek 212 West Ninety-third Street "when human beings will be judged in terms of individual personalities and when men will be treated on the basis of individual worth."

"Let mankind's penitence be expressed," Rabbi Joseph H. Lookstein said to Congregation Kehilath Jeshurun, 117 East Eightyfifth Street, "through a universal resolution that wheresoever and against whomsoever evil will raise its ugly head, it will become the concern of all decent men and nations to stamp it out.

"Anti-Semitism, anti-Negroism

anti-Catholicism and all of the many manifestations of bigotry will be recognized for what they are—destructive forces of the solidarity and the well-being of nations—and will be dealt with accordingly."

"Our boys who have lost their lives in the rancid fox-holes," Rabbi Philip H. Singer asserted in West Side Institutional Synagogue, 122 West Seventy-sixth Street, have gained for themselves an emirent seat among our martyrs."

"On this eve of Yom Kippur," said Rabbi Samuel M. Segal in Mount Neboh Temple, 130 West Seventy-ninth Street, "as co-builders of a world of peace we choose to live for the sanctification of God's name, and for that sacred purpose we pray for unconditional survival."

Dependence on Others

"The religious person," Rabbi Bernard J. Bamberger commented in West End Synagogue, 160 West Eighty-second Street, "as an individual in the presence of the mysterious universe, feels the call to make the most of himself, to face life with dignity and reverence. As a member of the human family he discovers his dependence on others and thereby discovers their right to depend on him."

"Only men and women who live up to the religious and ethical principles of the Bible," Rabbi Jacob Hoffman told Congregation Ohab Zedek. 118 West Ninety-fifth Street, "can guarantee the democratic way of life, lasting peace and the survival of our civilization."

In Park Avenue Synagogue, 50 East Eighty-seventh Street, Rabbi Milton Steinberg deplored "the studied neglect of the problem of the Jewish survivors of Europe, the continued closure of the doors of

"By this standard," he maintained, "the world today is sicker than the victory of the democracies and the United Nations Charter would seem to imply"

"To avert another period of barbarism," Rabbi J. Howard Ralbag said to Congregation Ohav Sholom 270 West Eighty-fourth Street, "let us unite and strengthen our ranks and work for the righteous social order promulgated by God's prophets."

"Before we may properly pray for forgiveness from God," Rabbi Jacob Katz declared in the Pelham Parkway Jewish Center, Pelham Parkway South and Muliner Avenue, the Bronx, "we must obtain reconciliation from our fellow

"Six million Jews have died as martyrs and their blood cries up from the ground."

"During the war, six million Jews were put to death in Europe."

The Times (London), September 22, 1945.

An Open Letter To Prime Minister Attlee

SEVEN thousand Jews in liberated Czechoslovakia committed suicide in the last few weeks. They returned from the concentration camps to find their homes gone, their families massacred and opportunities for employment closed to them. They made repeated attempts to build a new life for themselves in Czechoslovakia or to emigrate overseas, but all doors were closed. They chose the only possible way out—out of unending misery and out of life.

This is only one of many such reports that reach us almost daily from the countries of Europe. Do they reach your ears, too. Mr. Aulee?

Perhaps you were not greatly impressed. What, after all, is the snuffing out of seven thousand lives in a world grown accustomed to the violent death of millions? But we were not only impressed, Mr. Attlee. We were badly shaken. It is not only the number of these latest victims, but the timing of this mass-suicide—after "liberation"—that we find so tragic.

Who Is Responsible?

It was our very unhappy conviction all along that the responsibility for the extinction of six million Jews in Europe was not Hitler's alone. The entire Christian world shares that responsibility. By their failure to take a strong stand the great democratic powers gave Hitler the green light to destroy European Jewry And when hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of Jews could have been saved from the claws of the Nazi beast it was Great Britain which refused to admit them to Palestine—their only haven.

When we voiced these accusations, official British spokesmen invariably took cover behind "the exigencies of war." These flimsy excuses for a brutal policy, unprecedented in the history of human misery, were always morally offensive. But now the war is over. Hitler is gone, Europe is free, democracy is triumphani—and thousands of Jews prefer death to the type of "liberation" which has come to our people in Europe.

The Labor Party's Promise

This is happening, Mr. Attlee, at a time when your Labor Government is in power in Britain Your Party is now in direct control of Palestine's destinies. It is the Party which as recently as May, 1945 adopted a resolution declaring:

"There is surely neither hope not meaning in a Jewish National Home unless we are prepared to let Jews, if they wish, enter this tiny land in such numbers as to become a majority. There was a strong case for this before the war. There

is an irresistible case now, after the unspeakable alrocities of the cold and calculated German Nazi plan to kill all Jews in Europe... The Arabi have many wide territories of their own, they must not claim to exclude the Jews from this small area of Palestine, less than the size of Wales."

A magnificent declaration, Mr. Attlee! You will agree, no doubt, that it entitles us to expect a full measure of justice from your regime.

The Lord President of the Council and Labor Party Leader of the House of Commons, the Rt. Hon. Herbert Morrison, declared while denouncing the Chamberlain Government's White Paper in May, 1939:

'If we do this thing today we shall have done a thing which is dishonourable to our good name, which is discreditable to our capacity to govern and which is dangerous to British security, to peace and to the economic interest of the world in general and of our own country. Moreover, it will not work. . the Government must understand that this document will not be automatically binding upon their successors in office, whatever the circumstances of the time may be."

The Promise Has Not Been Kept

You are the "successor in office," Mr. Attlee. But in place of the fulfillment of these oft-repeated pledges, we have received word that your Government plans to continue with slight modifications the brutal White Paper policy. While the remnants of European Jewry are massed in concentration camps, morally and physically exhausted, still under violent anti-Semitic attacks, hungry and penniless, with nothing to return to but the graves of their loved ones, you are planning to keep the doors of Palestine practically closed. Despite the pledges of your Party, the anti-Zionist policies of the Colonial Office are being implemented with the same vigor and determination as in the days of the old Government.

Britain can no longer hide behind "the exigencies of war." So now we are told of the many preoccupations of the new Government, which prevent it from taking action to fulfill its promises with regard to Palestine. We venture to say that, despite your many preoccupations, one of the first acts of the new Government should have been a sweeping abrogation of all measures restricting Jewish enterprise in Palestine, the opening of

that country's gates to free and unrestricted Jewish immigration and an official declaration re-establishing Palestine as a Jewish State. Nothing else and nothing less was rightfully expected of you and your Government. Nothing else and nothing less could restore our faith in the sincerity of Britain's pledges, in the good will of Britain's people and in the progressive spirit of Beritain's people and in the progressive spirit of

We waited hopefully for an historic pronouncement consistent with your Party's program. Instead, you offered us a mean trickle of immigration certificates which fairly mocks the tragic needs apparent to all. What did you expect us to do with this "gift"? Did you, perhaps, mean that we were somehow to divide these certificates among the hundreds of thousands of our people who must migrate to Palestine or be doomed?

Thie Is Our Stand

We refuse to accept any such miserable "gifts" based on the White Paper of 1939! We demand full recognition of Jewish rights to Palestine! We are at the very end of our patience, Mr. Attlee, and no palliative solutions will be accepted by American Jewry or by what is left of European Jewry. As for the Jews of Palestine, what can they do but resist to the bitter end the policy which you propose to continue in that country!

America is today called upon to deal with your Government in order to help in the solution of your country's financial and economic difficulties, to the end that the British working masses may maintain a fair standard of living. They are entitled to it. But we say to you: the same rule of life should apply to the surviving Jews of Europe. You cannot expect sympathy for the social advancement of Britain's masses when you withhold the right to a life of self-support and self-respect from the first victims of Nazism. You cannot talk of social and economic progress and at the same time bolster the reactionary, pro-fascist, feudal Arab rulers in the Middle East, including the pro-Avis Mufti. Justice to a indivinible.

In this eleventh hour we urge you not to drive Jewish youth in Palestine and elsewhere to regard you and your people as enemies and betrayers of a sacred trust. We call on you to redeem Britain's pledge to the Jewish people

NOTHING ELSE AND NOTHING LESS WILL DO

Abba Hillel Silver, Stephen S. Wise-Joint Chairmen

American Zionist Emergency Council

342 Madison Avenue.

New York 17, New York

"It was our very unhappy conviction all along that the responsibility for the extinction of six million Jews in Europe was not Hitler's alone. The Entire Christian world shares that responsibility."

SEPTEMBER 28, 1945

VOL XXVII No. 5

Commentaries

By Dr. Harry J. Storn, Rabbi

Immmortality is The Theme Of The Yizkor Hour

At very birth a human begins his pilgrimage to the grave. None escapes death! Do you recall the weil-known story, "Death Speaks"? The noted writer, Somerset Maugham, has of late popularized this story.

There was a merchant in Bagdad who sent his servant to market to buy provisions and in a little while the servant came back white and trembling and said: "Master, just now when I was in the market place I was josted by a woman in the crowd and when I turned I saw it was death that jostled me. She looked at me and made a threatening gesture; now lend me your horse and I will ride away from this city and avoid my fate, I will go to Samaria. Death will not find me." The merchant lent him his horse and the servant mounted it and he dug his spurs in the flanks and as fast as the horse could gallop he went. Then the merchant went down to the market place, and saw Death standing in the crowd and said, "Why did you make a threatening gesture to my servant when you saw him this morning?" "That was not a threatening gesture. It was only a start of surprise. I was autonished to see him in Bagdad for I had an appointment with him to-night in Samaria."

How do we occept death when it enters our family circle? One of the great functions of religion is to give us courage and faith when the hour comes when we must separate from a beloved who has entered into his eternal sleep. Without the comfort of religion it is nigh impossible to endure this most heavy burden of sorrow and herecovernent.

The solemn Yinker hour has not only for its purpose the recalling of those who once spoke but are now silent, but it is also a reminder that we too will soon be but a memory. It reminds us of our martal status. Alas, we so often forget this simple truth of our own mortality. In time of health and prosperity we grow so certain of ourselves, so proud of all we achieve. We accumulate possessions. We become powerful and intoxicated with success. But our gold and silver and all our attainments, all these come to naught when our heart beats no longer.

shall we be remembered? Will it be for good or swi? Will inose we leave behind wish to remember us with gratitude? If we have been unkind, if we have hurt, we have certainly missed the opportunity to be remembered with thankfulness. Will you as father, be remembered not marely as the good provider but remembered because you walked with your sons and daughters hand in hand to God's house? Will you as mother, be recalled not merely as the person who was solicitous about the finery of your children's garments, but remembered lovingly as the greatest of the home who on Sabbath and Holy Days offered thanks to the Almighty through the sacred act of blessing the Sabbath light? Alas, what memories of spiritual blessing we can prove to be if we chose, to our dear ones from whom we must ultimately take leave when our summons comes to enter the Yeshibo Shel Margish.

This year the Yizkor hour possesses a wider and deepe meaning than any which we have known. Is there a family where death has not come? This tragic World War Two has been paid for in millions of lives, precious young promising lives. In this hour we name in our hearts especially the beloved youths of this Temple who made the supreme sacrifice in order that decency and human freedom may prevail on earth. May this hour of memorial bring consolation to the jamilles of the heroic dead. With pride the surviving dear ones must come to realize that through the valour and courage of their heroic dead our world was redeemed from the evil of Nazism and Fascism which sought to englave mankind. These heroic dead have given all, not in a selfish cause. They gave their lives in the cause of world redemption and the ideal of human freedom.

We, the living, must now carry on the fight for world democracy. We must now dedicate curselves that these gallant dead shall not have died in vain. We must take up the fight so that the swil which they fought must never rise again. Of the heroic

dead we say:

They shall not grow old, as we that are left grow old.

Age shall not weary them, nor the years condemn.

At the going down of the sun and in the morning.

We will appropriate them.

We memorialize in this hour not only the soldier dead, those who gave their lives on the field of battle. We hold memorial this day for the millions of larged who died the death of martyrs. "Al Elddon Bartleon"! They who died for the faith and honour of larged. We published these who were stored, tortured and gained by the enemy and who died by arrel, violent death is concentration comps. The enemy was resolved to external the law. But, as throughout our history, he that litted the sword arrelated larged in turn perished by the sword larged lives!

We who are here might have been in Betsen, in Warsaw, in Buchenwald. But our brethres died in our stead, their marryrdom in mind and ever cherish their their it is incumbent upon us to sense our loyalty to said heritoge of larged and trummer the ideals of the name of large, that for which their lives were

on six-year-old Besselel Shutman, prisoner No. 87875, the lone survivor in that age antegory from the gas ovens of Oschweitz to ascend the platform... Besselel Shutman became the symbol of the thousands of Jewish children murdered... As I read Chaplain Robert S. Marcus' description of this confessors and his thousants about his own child at home, I, too, saw in Besselel Shutman my own little daughter walk across the stage. We mount in the little dead adults, the aged, the young and the little Iswish children. We represented them.

Immortality is the theme of the Yigkor hour. If, or twiches that even a speck of dust does not die, or eaps, all the more are we strengthened in the britaman personality lives on, is immortal! The tiets of our duy teach flust our loved ones are with me in some steamed hand; that some its technique and its qualita to hake the winder it was a melecularizationly, more vivi

The common is reminder us to strive a reach out for the spiriteful spocks which he command for a belowing among the t

"We mourn six million dead adults, the aged, the young and the little Jewish children. We remember them."

The Canadian Jewish Review, September 28, 1945, page 8.

This too early six million dead claim was made by Rabbi Dr. Harry J. Stern, who had predicted in March 1943, that "Six millions in mid-Europe are sentenced to die." (See No.177). And there is more to come from Rabbi Stern in our list.

"Aren't Six Million Jewish Dead Enough?"

Advert for a Zionist rally at Madison Square Gardens, New York to be held on September 30, 1945.

New York Post, September 28, 1945, page 20.

AREN'T SIX MILLION JEWISH DEAD ENOUGH?

PROTEST

AGAINST THE BETRAYAL OF THE JEWISH PEOPLE

JOIN The Great Mass Demonstration For A Jewish Palestine

MADISON SQUARE GARDEN

TOMORROW, SUNDAY, SEPT. 30th at 8 P.M.

Under the Auspices of

AMERICAN ZIONIST EMERGENCY COUNCIL

Dr. Abba Hillel Silver, Dr. Stephen S. Wise, Chairmen

ADMISSION FREE

"AREN'T SIX MILLION JEWISH DEAD ENOUGH?"

Advert for a Zionist rally at Madison Square Gardens, New York to be held on September 30, 1945

Brooklyn Eagle (NY), September 29, 1945, page 14.

"AREN'T SIX MILLION JEWISH DEAD ENOUGH?"

Advert for a Zionist rally at Madison Square Gardens, New York to be held on September 30, 1945.

The New York Sun, September 29, 1945, page 5.

This is a photo of the Zionist rally at Madison Square Gardens on September 30, 1945, it is scanned from the Encyclopaedia Judaica (1971, Vol.15).

In this close-up, you can read the huge banner above the speakers' podium, which reads:

"AREN'T 6,000,000 JEWISH DEAD ENOUGH?"

Giant Zionist Rally

Blames Britain for Jewish Deaths

By ALVIN ROSENFELD

The campaign for a free Jewish state in Palestine stepped up today, inspired by a giant rally at which Britain's policy of drastic restrictions on immigration to the Holy Land was condemned as imperialistic and inhumane.

The mass meeting, announced six days ago when Britain revealed her decision not to open Palestine's doors to homeless, destitute Jews, brought throngs to Madison Square Garden last wight.

While an overflow crowd of 45,000 listened through amplifiers in blocked-off streets, 22,000 people in the packed Garden solemnly chanted in unison a demand that Palestine be "opened wide to free Jewish immigration."

While "we waited patiently for the fulfillment of Great Britain's pledges to the Jewish people," they said, "six million Jews were killed in Europe. The British government bears a great share of the responsibility for the Jewish tragedy in Europe."

"Our patience is at an end," the huge audience said in one voice. "We shall not continue to suffer British injustice silently." They read from printed postcards which were then signed and mailed to Ambassador Halifax.

A Mobilization Call

Their pledge was an answer to the call issued at the rally by Dr. Abba Hillel Silver, co-chairman of the American Zionist Emer gency Council, for "total mobilization" of world Jewry in the fight for Palestine.

"From here on," he said, "every loyal Jew becomes a soldier in the Army of Jewish liberation."

At the rally, sponsored by the Emergency Council, speaker after speaker demanded State Dept. intervention and recalled Britain's unredeemed promises to the Jew

Mayor LaGuardia declared that Britain first promised to establish a Jewish Commonwealth 2s years ago, while Gov. Dewey and several other speakers pointed out the British Labor Party shortly before it won power adopted a resolution saying:

"There is surely neither hope nor meaning in a 'Jewish National Home' unless we are prepared to let Jews, if they wish, enter this tiny land in such numbers as to become a majority. There was a strong case for this before the war. There is an irresistible case now, after the unspeakable atrocities of the rold and calculated Nazi plan to kill all Jews in Europe."

Dewey and Poling Speak

"We call tonight for the redemption of this and all the similar pledges," Dewey said. "The conscience of civilization must find expression. It can wait no longer."

Mayor LaGuardia demanded that the State Dept, make "some display of statesmanship and not of schmooz (talk)" on the Zionist problem and also warned that "we will hold the President of the U. S. responsible" if the gates of Palesting are not opened

Dr. Daniel A. Poling, editor of the Christian Herald and New York Post columnist, warned that the failure to keep the pledge made in the Balfour Declaration, "which failure has already cost the lives of hundreds of thousands of Jews, now threatens the lives of yet other tens of thousands"

Although the rally was scheduled to start at 8 p. m., the audience began arriving before 5, the auditorium was filled by 6:30 and the meeting was under way at 7:30, while thousands of people tried vainly to gain entrance.

Both 49th and 50th Sts, were so crowded it was impossible to get through.

"Attlee a Chamberlain?"

Inside, the Garden was decorated with militant slogans, such as: "Is Attice Another Chamberlain?" "Is Britain Planning Another Munich?" "No American Aid for British Betrayal," "When Will the War Be Over for the Jewish People?" Aren't 6,000.00

Two huge photographs hung from the rafters. One showed a group of Jews in a concentration camp, their faces gaunt, their eyes haunting. The other showed a group of smiling, healthy Jewsh phoneers in Palesting.

The audience was, for the most part, solemn and stern. But it hissed and booed when mention was made of the "few high placed, shell-shocked Jews" who oppose Zionism. And it cheered mention of President Truman and of Jewish hopes in Palestine

Wise Praises Truman

Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, cochairman with Rabbi Silver, praised Mr. Truman's request that the British grant the Jews 10C,000 entry certificates into Palestine, but stressed that this was just a "first step."

He said that, after a meeting with Mr. Truman Saturday, he was "not without hope." And Wise, at 70 the grand old man of American Zionism, brought the audience to its feet when he said: "I shall live to see the establishment of a Jewish National Home."

Messages were sent to President Truman. Prime Minister Attlee and British Ambassador Halifax after the need for swift action was emphasized by a cable gram from the Jewish community of Berlin saying "Life seems futile. Eretz Yisrael (Palestine) our only hope. Please rescue us."

"While "we waited patiently for the fulfillment of Great Britain's pledges to the Jewish people," they said, "six million Jews were killed in Europe. ..." ... Inside, the Garden was decorated with militant slogans, such as: ... Aren't 6,000,000 Jewish Dead Enough?"

American Jewry Mobilize Fight For Palestine As Jewish State

More Than 70,000 Attend Zionist Demonstration in New York City

NEW YORK -, "From here on, every Jew becomes a soldier in the Army of Jewish Liberation!"

With this rallying cry sounded by Dr. Abba Hillel Silver, joint chairman of the American Zionist Emergency Council before one of the most militant Zionist mass demonstrations in history, American Jewry last night was mobilized in the battle for Palestine as a Jewish State.

More than 70,000 men and women — Jews and non-Jews alike jammed New York's gigantic Madison Square Garden and packed the streets outside to cheer Dr. Silver's call to action, and to cheer again as Governor Dewey of New York, Dr. Stephen S. Wise, joint chairman with Dr. Silver of the Council, Mayor La Guardia and Dr. Israel Goldstein, President of the Zionist Organization of America, demands that Great Britain redeem the Balfour Dectaration, open the gates of Palestine, and reconstitute it now as a Jewish Commonwealth.

Loud speakers carried the addresses to the vast crowds outs.de, and the thundering applause from the hall as speaker after speaker hammered home the keynote of the meeting: "Our patience is at an end!" echoed for blocks through

Stirring climax of the meeting came when the entire audience, led by the chairman, Henry Monsky, co-chairman of the Interim Committee of the American Jewish Conference, rose as one and in one one voice plodged themselves "as Jews and American citizens" to "fight back relentlessly until the legitimate rights of the Jewish people are recognized — until Palestine is opened wide to free Jewish immigration and a Jewish State is re-established." The pledge, printed on postal cards and addressed to British Ambassador Lord Halifax, was signed on the spot by the audience and mailed in leathers of thousands.

"Mr. Attlee!" declared Dr. Silver, addressing himself in his speech to the new Prime Minister of Great Britain and the leader of the British Labor Party which before election pledged itself to open the gates of Palestine, "Mr. Attlee, the doors of Palestine will be opened!"

"British bayonets will not bat the way of our survivors. Nor wil British tanks crush the hope of our people. Do you recall when you armies fled, beaten from Europe, at Dunkirk? They had a home to return to. Our people, too, had to flee from Europe because of Nazi terror and slaughter. But the home which they prepared for themselves, fearing just such an eventuality, was closed tight against them by your country.

"You now propose to continue to keep these doors shut against our survivors, after six million of our people perished, for whose death your country is not without blame.

"You will not succeed, Mr. Attlee! The conscience of mankind and of your own people will not permit it!"

The audience cheered then, as it did when Dr. Wise declared soiemnly, "I tell you that I believe that I shall live to see the reconstitution of Palestine as a Jewish State!"

Governor Dewey

Governor Dewey charged that the independent Arab states which oppose "this sacred right" of the Jewish people were denying the very principles on which these Arab states were founded at the end of World War I. Governoo Dewey also reminded Prime Minister Attlee that the Labor Party last May had urged the re-opening of Palestine to the Jews and called for the "redemption of this and all the other pledges.

"We call for action in accordance with our own traditions of justice and humanity. We speak on behalf of the survivors of Nazi terror who still live in misery. We call out in their name that they must not be left to die in camps. We say that those outside the camps must not be forced to remain in an atmosphere poisoned by the memory of unbelievable horrors and the all-pervasive aftermath of years on anti-Semitic propaganda."

Declaring that the Jews are entitled to the fundamental rights of free men, a home of their own, in a land where they could live as free and equal men and women, the Governor asserted emphatically: "That place is Palestine, their

"What is needed today is not mere sympathy: what is needed is action. We have a right to ask—we have a right to insist—that these victims of Nazi oppression be given, not pity, not words, but justice by action!"

Governor Dewey's words were made the more impressive by the reading of two cabled pleas received by Dr. Silver and Dr. Wise. One came from Erich Nelhans, president of the surviving Ieniah community in Berlin, which plead-\ned that "Eretz Yisrael is our only
hope," and begged, "Please rescue\nus!" The second came from Major
Judah Nadich, Jewish chaplain
who is adviser to Gen. Eisenhower
on the problem of displaced Jewish
persons. It read: "After survey
visits all Jewish displaced persons
camps American zone Germany
find overwhelming majority desire\nimmigration Eretz Yisrael conservative estimate 80 per cent these remnants European Jewry live only for
day Palestine doors open."

Mayor La Guardia

Mayor La Guardia, who made an unscheduled appearance as a speaker, drew repeated ovations from the audience by his terse, challenging statements.

"I address myself to our State Department and I say: "We demand some display of statesmanship and not of schmooz!" he declared, and again, speaking of the visit to this country of Lord Keynes, British financial expert, he drew applause and laughter when he said:

"I would like to remind my good friend, Lord Halifax, who made a speech to the American people indicating he wanted to borrow some money for his government, that the best way to establish credit is to convince people that the borrower knows how to keep his word!"

Dr. Silver in his address paid tribute to President Truman for "performing an admirable service to the cause of humanity by dispatching a letter to Prime Minister Attlee requesting that 100,000 cer tificates be made immediately available to our people," but added

"You realize, of course, that your request of Great Britain, even when granted, is not the solution of the Jewish problem which existed long before the war and which is continuing after the war. It is not a refugee problem. It cannot be solved by palliative relief measures. It is the age-old problem of Je wish national homelessness, which has been the fontal source of our tragedies throughout the ages."

Referring to those anti-Zioniss Jews who called upon the President Saturday to explain to him that there was a difference between rescue and a Jewish State, Dr. Silver exclaimed:

"Oh yes, indeed, they said better than they thought when they said there was a difference between rescue and a Jewish State! We know rescue. Have we not rescued and rescued again throughout the years? Now we want a Jewish State to put an end to that endless need for rescue of Jews!

"Who does not want a Jewish State? he demanded, and as he replied to his own question, boos

greeted the names:

"The American Jewish Committee does not want a Jewish State. The Council for Judaism does not want a Jewish State. The New York Times does not want a Jewish State.

"But who does want a Jewish

The 600,000 Jews of Palestine

Public Demonstration

TO SUPPORT

Jewish Aspirations in Palestine MONDAY, OCTOBER 8th at 8.30 P.M.

Salle Doree, Mount Royal Hotel

SPEAKERS:

REV. ANGUS CAMERON of the Church of Messiah

MISS CATHERINE MacKENZIE Former Principal, Montreal High School

RABBI HERMAN ABRAMOWITZ of the Shaar Hashomayini Synagogue

COME AND EXPRESS YOUR SUPPORT OF THE ZIONIST CAUSE IN THIS CRITICAL HOUR.

ADMISSION FREE

Auspices: Canadian Palestine Committee

"You (Prime Minister Clement Atlee) now propose to continue to keep these doors shut against our survivors, after six million of our people perished, for whose death your country (Britain) is not without blame."

An Open Letter To Prime Minister Attlee

Seven thousand Jews in liberated Operhoulovalcia committed suicide in the last few weeks. They returned from the concentration camps to find their homes gone, their families massacred and opportunities for employment closed to them. They made repeated attempts to build a new life for themselves in Caechoslovakia or to emigrate overseas, but all doors were closed. They chose the only possible way out—out of unending misery and out of life.

This is only one of many such reports that reach us almost daily from the countries of Europe. Do they such many such that the Atlanta

Perhaps you were not greatly impressed. What, after all, is the snuffing out of seven thousand lives in a world grown-accustomed to the violent death of millions? But we were not only impressed, Mr. Attlee. We were badly shaken. It is not only the number of these latest victims, but the timing of this mass-suicide—after. "liberation"—that was find so resis.

Who Is Responsible?

It was our very unhappy conviction all along that the responsibility for the extinction of six million Jews in Europe was not Hitler's alone. The entire Christian world shares that responsibility. By their failure to take a strong stand the great democratic powers gave Hitler the green light to destroy European Jewry. And when hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of Jews could have been saved from the claws of the Nazi beast, it was Great Britisin which refused to admit them to Palestine—their colls have.

When we voiced these accusations, official British spotesmen invariably took cover behind "the exigencies of war." These filmsy excuses for a botal policy, unprecedented in the history of human misery, were always morally offensive. But now the war is over. Hitler is gone, Europe is free, democracy is triumphant—and thousands of Jews prefer death to the type of "liberation" which has come to our people in Europe.

The Labor Party's Promise

This is happening, Mr. Attlee, at a time when your Labor Government is in power in Britain. Your Party is now in direct control of Palestine's destinies. It is the Party which as recently as May, 1945 adoesed a resolution declaring.

"There is surely neither hope nor meaning in a Jewish National Home unless we are feepered to bet Jews, if they wish, enter this tiny land in, such numbers as to become a majority. There was a strong case for this hefore the war. There is an irvestible case may, after the war. There is an irvestible case may, after the mappeabable associates of the cold and calculated German Nazi plan to hill all Jews in Europe . . . The death how

many wide territories of their own; they must no claim to exclude the Jews from this small area of Polestine, less than the tire of Wales."

A magnificent declaration, Mr. Attlee! You will agree, no doubt, that it entitles us to expect a full measure of invite-from your regime.

The Lord President of the Council and Labor Party Leader of the House of Commons, the Rt. Hon. Herbert Morrison, declared while denouncing the Chamberlain Government's White Paper in May, 1939:

"If we do this thing today we shall have done a thing which is dishonourable to our good name, which is discrediable to our capacity to govern and which is dangerous to British security, to passe and to the economic interest of the world in general and of our own country. Moreover, it will not work . . . the Government must understand that this document will not be automatically binding upon their successors in office, whatever the circumstances of the time may be."

The Promise Has Not Been Kept

You are the "successor in office," Mr. Artles, But in place of the fulfillment of these often-peated pledges, we have received word that your Government plans to continue with slight modifications the brutal White Paper policy. While the remnants of European Jewry are massed in concentration camps, morally and physically exhausted, still under violent anti-Semicic attacks, hungry and penniless, with nothing to return to but the graves of their loved ones, you are planning to keep the doors of Palestine percically closed. Despite the pledges of your Party, the anti-Zionist policies of the Colonial Office are being implemented with the same vigor and determination as in the days of the old Government.

Britain can no longer hide behind "the exigencies of war." So now we are told of the many percocupations of the new Government, which percent it from taking action to fulfill its promises with regard to Palestine. We venture to say that, despite your many preoccupations, one of the first acts of the new Government should have been a sweeping abrogation of all measures restricting Jewish enterprise in Palestine, the opening of that country's gates to free and untestricted Jewish immigration and an official declaration re-establishing Palestine as a lewish State Nochine stee and nothing less was rightfully expected of you and your Government. Nothing else and nothing less could restore our faith in the sincarity of Britain's pledges, in the good will of Britain's people and in the progressive spirit of Britain's new Government.

We waited hopefully for an historic pronouncement consistent with your Party's program. Instead, you offered us a mean trickle of immigration certificates which fairly mocks the tragic needs apparent to all. What did you expect us to do with this "gift"? Did you, perhaps, mean that we were somehow to divide these certificates among the hundreds of thousands of our people who must migrate to Palestine or be doomed?

This Is Our Stand

We refuse to accept any such miserable "gifts" based on the White Paper of 1939! We demand full recognition of Jewish nights to Palestine! We are at the very end of our patience, Mr. Attlee, and no palliative solutions will be accepted by American Jewry or by what is left of European Jewry. As for the Jews of Palestine, what can they do but resist to the bitter end the policy which you propose to continue in that country!

America is today called upon to deal with your Government in order to help in the solution of your country's financial and economic difficulties, to the end that the British working masses may maintain a fair standard of living. They are entitled to it. But we say to you: the same rule of life should apply to the surviving Jews of Europa. You cannot expect sympathy for the social advancement of Britain's masses when you withhold the right to a life of self-support and self-sespect from the first victims of Nasism. You cannot talk of social and economic progress and at the same time bolster the reactionary, pro-fascis, feudal Arab rulers in the Middle East, including the no-Axis Mufti. Instite, toe, is indivisible.

In this eleventh hour we urge you not to drive Jewish youth in Palsstine and elsewhere to regard you and your people as enemies and betrayers of a stored trust. We call on you to redeem Britain's pledge to the Jewish people now!

NOTHING ELSE AND NOTHING LESS

Abba Hillel Silver, Stephen S. Wise

AMERICAN ZIONIST EMERGENCY COUNCIL
342 Madison Ave. New York 17, N. Y.

"It was our very unhappy conviction all along that the responsibility for the extinction of six million Jews in Europe was not Hitler's alone. The Entire Christian world shares that responsibility."

An Open Letter to the RT. HON. LORD HALIFAX

Your Excellency:

For years we waited patiently for the fulfillment of Great Britain's pledges to the Jewish people. We waited in vain. In the meantime, six million Jews were killed in Europe, while you and your colleagues gave us promises and meaningless words of sympathy. The British Government bears a great share of the responsibility for the Jewish tragedy in Europe!

Our patience is at an end! We shall not continue to suffer British injustices silently. As Jews and as American citizens we will fight back relent-lessly until the legitimate rights of the Jewish people are recognized—until Palestine is opened wide to free Jewish immigration and a Jewish State is re-established.

The Members of the MANHATTAN ZIONIST CLUB

If you are with us in this message please cut out the above; sign your own name and mail it TODAY HIS EXCELLENCY
THE RIGHT HONORABLE
LORD HALIFAX
THE BRITISH EMBASSY
WASHINGTON, D. C.

THE MANHATTAN ZIONIST CLUB

District #4, Zionist Org. of America 41 E. 42nd St., N. Y. C.

"A ZIONIST GROUP FOR YOUNG PEOPLE"

At Our Next Meeting

MAURICE SAMUEL NOTED

Sunday, October 7th, at 8 P. M.

New School Theatre, 66 W. 12th St. (Near 6th Ave.

"For years we waited patiently for the fulfillment of Great Britain's pledges to the Jewish people, We waited in vain. In the meantime, six million Jews were killed in Europe,"

The Manhattan Zionist Club (advert / open letter), New York Post, October 3, 1945, page 21.

"TEL AVIV, Oct 8.—Fifty thousand Jews in this, the biggest purely Jewish city in the world, to-day marched to protest in advance against British policy on immigration, and stood in silence for two minutes in memory of the 6,000,000 murdered Jews of Europe."

The Times (London), October 9, 1945.

CRESTER (PA) TIMES & WEDNEADAY, OCTOBER 18, 1945

An Open Letter To Prime Minister Attlee

EVEN thousand Jews in liberated Czechoslovakia committed suicide in the last few weeks. They returned from the concentration camps to find their homes gone, their families massacred and opportunities for employment closed to them. They made repeated attempts to build a new life for themselves in Czechoslovakia or to emigrate overseas, but all doors were closed. They chose the only possible way out—out of unending misery and out of life.

This is only one of many such reports that reach us almost daily from the

Perhaps you were not greatly impressed. What, after all, is the snuffing out of seven thousand lives in a world grown accustomed to the violent deaths of millions? But we were not only impressed. Mr. Attlee. We were

hadly shaken. It is not only the number of these latest victims, but the timing of this mass-suicide—after "liberation"—that we find so tragic.

WHO IS RESPONSIBLE?

It was our very unhappy conviction all along that the responsibility for the extinction of six million Jews in Europe was not Hitler's alone. The entire Christian world shares that responsibility. By their failure to take a strong stand the great democratic powers gave Hitler the green light to destroy European Jewry. And when hundreds of thousands, perhaps millions, of Jews could have been saved from the claws of the Nazi beast, it was Great Britain which refused to admit them to Palstine—their only haven.

When we voiced these accusations, official British spokesmen invariably took cover behind "the exigencies of war." These flimsy excuses for a brutal policy, unprecedented in the history of human misery, were always morally offensive. But now the war is over, Hitler is gone, Europe is free, democracy is triumphant—and thousands of Jews prefer death to the type of "liberation" which has come to our people in Europe.

THE LABOR PARTY'S PROMISE

This is happening, Mr. Attlee, at a time when your Labor Government is in power in Britain. Your Party is now in direct control of Palestine's destinies. It is the Party which as recently as May, 1945, adopted a resolution declaring:

"There is surely neither hope nor meaning in a 'Jewish National Home' unless we are prepared to let Jews, if they wish, enter this tiny land in such numbers as to become a majority. There was a strong case for this before the war. There is an irresistible case now, after the unspeakable atrocities of the cold and calculated German Nazi plan to kill all Jews in Europe... The Arabs have many wide territories of their own; they must not claim to exclude the Jews from this small area of Palestine, less than the size of Wales."

A magnificent declaration, Mr. Attlee! You will agree, no doubt, that it entitles us to expect a full measure of justic from your regime.

The Lord President of the Council and Labor Party Leader of the Hous of Commons, the Rt. Hon. Herbert Morrison, declared while denouncing the Chamberlain Government's White Paper in May, 1939:

"If we do this thing today we shall have done a thing which is dishonorable to our good name, which is discreditable to our capacity to govern and
which is dangerous to British security, to peace and to the economic interest
of the world in general and of our own country. Moreover, it will not work
... the Government must understand that this document will not be automatically binding upon their successors in office whatever the circumstances
of the time may be."

THE PROMISE HAS NOT BEEN KEPT

You are the "successor in office," Mr. Attlee. But in place of the fulfillment of these off-repeated pledges, we have received word that your Government plans to continue with slight modifications the brutal White Paper policy. While the remnants of European Jewry are massed in concentration camps, morally and physically exhausted, still under violent anti-Semitic attacks, hungry and penniless, with nothing to return to but the graves of their loved ones, you are planning to keep the doors of Palestine practically closed. Despite the pledges of your Party, the anti-Zionist policies of the Colonial Office are being implemented with the same vigor and determination as in the days of the old Government.

Britain can no longer hide behind "the exigencies of war." So now we are told of the many preoccupations of the new Government, which prevent it from taking action to fulfill its promises with regard to Palestine, We venture to say that, despite your many preoccupations, one of the first acts of the new Government should have been a sweeping abrogation of all measures restricting Jewish enterprise in Palestine, the opening of that country's gates to free and unrestricted Jewish immigration and an official declaration re-establishing Palestine as a Jewish State. Nothing else and nothing less was rightly expected of you and your Government. Nothing else and nothing less could restore our faith in the sincerity of Britain's pedges, in the good will of Britain's people and in the progressive spirit of Britain's new Government.

We waited hopefully for an historic pronouncement consistent with your Party's program. Instead, you offered us a mean trickle of immigration certificates which fairly mocks the tragic needs apparent to all. What did you expect us to do with this "gift"? Did you, perhaps, mean that we were somehow to divide these certificates among the hundreds of thousands of our people who must migrate to Palestine or be doomed?

THIS IS OUR STAND

We refuse to accept any such miserable "gifts" based on the White Paper of 1939! We demand full recognition of Jewish rights to Palestine! We are at the very end of our patience, Mr. Attlee, and no palliative solutions will be accepted by American Jewry or by what is left of European Jewry. As for the Jews of Palestine, what can they do but resist to the bitter end the policy which you propose to continue in that construct.

America is today called upon to deal with your Government in order to help in the solution of your country's financial and economic difficulties, to the end that the British working masses may maintain a fair standard of living.

same rule of life should apply to the surviving Jews of Europe. You cannot expect sympathy for the social advancement of Britain's masses when you withhold the right to a life of self-support and self-respect from the first victims of Nazism. You cannot talk of social and economic progress and at the same time bolster the reactionary, pro-fascist, feudal Arab rulers in the Middle East, including the pro-Axis Mufti. Justice, too, is indivisable.

In this eleventh hour we urge you not to drive Jewish youth in Palestine and elsewhere to regard you and your people as enemies and betrayers of a sacred trust. We call on you to redeem Britain's pledge to the Jewish people now!

NOTHING ELSE AND NOTHING LESS WILL DO

This advertisement is sponsored by the following Chester organizations: B'nai B'rith, Congregation Mispallelim, Hadassah, Hebrew Ladies' Aid, Jewish National Workers' Alliance, Jewish War Veterans, Men's Club of Mispallelim, Men's Club of Ohev Sholom, Mizrachi, Ohev Sholom Synagogue Center, Sisterhood of Mispallelim, Sisterhood of Ohev Sholom, Youth Council of Ohev Sholom, and Zionist Organization.

EMERGENCY PUBLIC MEETING

Thursday, Oct. 11

8:30 P. M.

at the

OHEV SHOLOM SYNAGOGUE CENTER 8th & WELSH STREETS

Support President Truman's demand that 100,000 European Jews be rescued from the concentration camps and immediately admitted to Palestine.

SPEAKER

Rev. Wendell Phillips

Of Rye, New York, for years professor of English at the American University, Cairo, Egypt, and athletic director of its youth. An expert on the Araba, Palestins and the Near Zaul. Learn the true facts about the terrible plight of European Jewry, Our government needs our help in its effort to nave them. The President of the United States and our own Congressmen, U. S. Senator Joseph Guffer, U. S. Sanator Myera and Representative James Wolfenden are pledged to this cause.

Il are welcome! Let us raise our voice for justice!

The Emergency Public Meeting Is Sponsored By the Y.M. C. A. and All of the Chester Organizations Listed Below

"It was our very unhappy conviction all along that the responsibility for the extinction of six million Jews in Europe was not Hitler's alone. The Entire Christian world shares that responsibility."

American Zionist Emergency Council, Chester Times (PA), October 10, 1945, page 7 (full page advert / open letter).

是一个人的,我们就是一个一个一个一个一个一个一个一个一个一个一个一个一个一个一个一个一个一个一个

17,000 In Belsen Hunger Strike

Jews Fight For Their Rights

From A SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT

EVENTEEN THOUSAND inmates of the Belsen-Bergen camp for displaced persons came out on a one-day hunger trike to protest against their treatment by the Military Government. Their chief grievances are that they are given too

little food, that they are over-crowded, condemned to idleness, and subjected to what they feel to be unjustified

restrictions.

I went to the camp the day after the hunger strike, and I could not help feeling that while the limelights were turned on the Belsen trial in nearby Luneburg, former inmates of Belsen are nevertheless being only too quickly forgotten by a world engained in the troubles of the postwar era. Here survivors of the greatest tragedy that has occurred in Europe are left alone with their haunting memories near the place of their torture, feeling that human sympathy and conscience are little

The camp is now accommodating 17,000 inmates, of which 11,000 are Jews, original inmates of the Belsen death camp. The rest consist mostly of Poles, Balts, and other nationalities who have not come from Belsen camp but have worked in Germany as slave labourers. Of the original inmates of Belsen, 23,000 have died since the camp was liberated by the British troops on April 15. Twenty-one thousand were Polish, Hungarian, German, Greek, and other Jews. Each of the survivors has seen members of his or her family sent to the gus chambers or tortured to death. I have talked to the Rabbi, Doctor Helfgot, chaplain of the Yugoslav Army, who himself was compelled to bury thousands of his co-religionists. A 17-year-old Hungarian Jewes told me how she parted with her mother and eight sisters and brothers when they were sent to their death.

Gav-and Grim

The barracks in which the Belsen people are now housed looks out-

town There is much going and coming in its streets, filled with youth and old people aimlessly roaming about. One can even detect a touch of gaiety in a group of boys and girls here and there, going out for a stroll in the nearby woods. But this appearance of normality only underlines the nightmarish quality of the place.

At the office of the Jewish committee, elected by 11,000 Belsen Jews, I was given printed books containing the names of a few thousands who survived the slaughter. Impatiently and grimly, people were delving into the alphabetical indexes and lists of names. In the barracks inmates talked about the past and present. They receive a food ration of 1,900 calories. Until quite recently Jewish relief organisations could not get into the camp to help. Now one Jewish relief organisation has started to supply additional food, which is being equally divided between Jewish and non-Jewish inmates.

Survivors of Belsen are being treated in the same way as all other displaced persons in Germany. In some respects they are perhaps treated even better. Yet the principle that all displaced persons should be treated equally makes utter nonsense in the case of Belsen people. A slave labourer who worked on a German farm for years, and was tolerably fed, can perhaps do with the 1,900 calories ration. But this is utterly inadequate for people who have been systematically starved for many years, and whose health has been sapped in the death camp atmosphere. The rooms in the barracks are overcrowded, though not more so than in other camps for displaced persons.

Inmates still walk around in light summer clothing and shiver in the first October cold. No winter clothing is yet available. A few thousand blankets will soon be sent to the camp. So far, no coal has been promised for the winter; and most of the Belsen people are too weak to cut firewood. There are tailors and shoemakers in the camp eager to open workshops, but they cannot get tools to work with. Generally speaking, the nerves of the people are disintegrating in enforced idleness.

Camp Hostility

The Jews of Beisen have a special grievance. They are not recognised as a separate national, ethnical, or religious group. They are treated either like Poles or Hungarians. The motive of that treatment is undoubtedly just—British authorities refuse to introduce racial or religious discrimination. Yet this abstract principle fails to do justice to the reality here. The Jews have, in fact, suffered as Jews and not as Poles or Hungarians, and they have suffered incomparably more than non-Jews. Their sufferings alone would have been enough to develop a special Jewish separatism among them.

In addition, they meet with unabated hostility from their nonJewish countrymen inside the camp itiself. On the day when I visited the camp they were wiping off the flogan: "We want Poland without Jews" which had been chalked on the walls. Odd Jews keep on reaching the camp straight from Poland and tell stories about pogroms still taking place in Poland, this time staged not by Hitler's S.S., but by Poles themselves. No Jew sits on the camp administration, which has been appointed from the inmates by the Brittsh military authorities.

The Unpaid Debt

Equally, the Polish committee in the camp which is recognised by the British authorities as representative of the Polish inmates is "Judenfrei." All this breeds an undiscribable bitterness. The Jewish committee fights for its recognition. At the entrance to its office, a large poster asks the searching question: Six million Jews have been murdered—world, where is thy conscience?" Another slogan which has been prohibited by the military government—"Open the gates of Palestine" has been half torn down. In the office of the Jewish Committee I was given copies of a clandestine newspaper published at the camp. No reprisals for its publication have taken place. But the Jews ask: "Why should we not be allowed to publish our camp paper in full legality now, when even Germans can issue newspapers and books"?

"At the entrance to its office (the Jewish committee, in the Bergen-Belsen Displaced Person's camp), a large poster asks the searching question: Six million Jews have been murdered—world, where is thy conscience?"

The Observer (Manchester, UK), October 14th, 1945, page 5

Commentaries

by Dr. Harry J. Stern, Rabbi

God's Blessing Of Abroham

The traditional Torah readings for this Sabbath and the past Sabbath contain God's blessing of the progenitor of the Jewish people. "Now the Lord said unto Abraham — 'Get thee out of thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's house, unto the land I will show thee, and I will make of thee a great nation, and I will bless thee and make thy name great and be thou a blessing.' (Gen. XII, 1:2)... That in blessing I will bless thee, and in multiplying. I will multiply thy seed as the state of the heaven, and as the sand which is upon the seathers, and thy seed shall possess the gates of his enemies'." (Gen. XXII: 17)

How shall we interpret this blessing? Is there any thing in our historic experience which reflects this blessing as a reality? For many there are who have come to look upon this divine promise as mere Jewish self-delusion! They look about and behold the tragic suffering of Israel during the past decade in which six million Jews perished and they seem to see Israel as a defeated nation. In what respect have Abraham's descendants been blessed?

Well, to begin with, it is most essential that we properly define the term blessing. All will agree that the greatest blessing in the world, the fundamental blessing, is life itself! Without life all else becomes meaningless!

God's promise to Abraham is evidenced in the fact that for a period of four thousand years Abraham's descendants have had a continued existence. Despite Israel's unparallelled suffering through the ages, the Jew has survived and even thrived What the world so often fails to recognize in the Jew is his power of recuperation. Jews by the thousands have here and there per ished at the hands of their enemies but the Jew lives on. The physical existence of Israel in the world today as in yesteryear constitutes one of history's miracles.

The great Russian writer, humanitarian Leo Tolstoy, graspethe meaning of Israel's eternity when he wrote: "The Jew is the emblem of sternity. He whom neither sloughter nor torture of thousands of years could destroy, he whom neither fire nor swor nor inquisition was able to wipe off the face of the earth. In who was the first to produce the crucles of God, he who he been so long the quantism of prophecy, and who transmitted the rest of the world, such a nation can not be destroyed. The Jew is everlanting an eternity itself."

And where has Israel proven to be a great nation? Has the promise to Abraham been fulfilled? The Rabbis maintain the this was fulfilled, not in the reign of David and Solomon, but rather at the time when Israel at Sinai accepted the moral law the Torah. It is Israel's identification with the law of Sinai which stamped the Jew with distinction. He thus became a chose records bearing witness to God and God's law of righteousness.

people bearing witness to God and God's law of righteousness. The Jew, of course, engaged in physical battle for his existence. But his greatest wars have been those in the realm of ideas. Our true victories as Jews have been in the realm of our historic spiritual wars.

The Midrash here and there enumerates the major spiritual struggles we had to wage with the opposing views of life os taught by Babylonia, Greece, and Rome. Babylonia stood for paganism with its attendant immoralities and superstitions. Juda-\nion fought Rehyderican paganism and triumched!

Then Judaism entered upon the struggle with Greek thought, Greek science and philosophy. The Greeks preached the baliness of beauty but the Jew emphasized the beauty of holiness. Judaism met Hellenism. It was not conquered. The Greeks failed to conquer the Jewish spirit though the Greeks subdued all other philosophies. Hebraic ethics and Greek science form the basic foundation of our civilization. There lies much hope for the world in the availables of these great two cultures.

Imperial Rome, with its philosophy of power politics, threatened Judaism and the Jew. Rome, the civilized state, tried to say that might is right. Our stress fought Rome. Though Roman legions destroyed the Jewish state, our fathers saw Rome's fall and the

In our own day, Nazism, a new paganism, came to the fore with the hope of exterminating the Jewish way of life. The Nazi barbarians conceived a master plan, scientifically worked out, by which to exterminate the people which gave the Bible to the world. After a hard, bitter struggle, through pillage and fire and death, Israel has managed to outlive the Nazis and is now witnessing the last rites being performed upon the Nazi state which Hitler boasted would endure for a thousand years. Today, all of Germany stands indicted before the United Nations tribunal of performed upon the stripes are smithy of crimes are striped against humanity.

God's promise that Abraham's name would be great, and that of his descendants, has magnificently been fulfilled. The Hebrew worthles of the Bible are loved by all civilized peoples. The lewish prophets and their teachings have greatly influenced human progress. The God concept which largel has given to the world is the foundation of all great religion. Man's social and political thinking have been influenced through the Hebrew Rible.

The five greatest events of the last 1900 years, what would they have been without the Jew? Mohammedanism, the Renatsonce, the Reformation and unfoldment of democracy, as is evidenced in the British and American tradition, these have been inspired directly and indirectly by the genius of Jewish thought, Meadont, and idealism.

We say all this, not as a motter of boastfulness, but as a recessarion of our faith in Israel's destiny among the peoples of the earth, as promised to Abraham by God. In the new age, downing for mankind, suffering Israel will find respite to pursue his mission in the world and continue to be a blessing to the children of man in accordance with the divine promise. Would that the non-lewish world might recognise Israel's divine and majors position in the scheme of civilization.

"They (Jews sceptical of their "chosenness") look about and behold the tragic suffering of Israel during the past decade in which six million Jews perished and they seem to see Israel as a defeated nation."

The Canadian Jewish Review October 26, 1945, page 12

This article was written by Rabbi Dr. Harry J. Stern, who in March 1943 predicted "Six millions in mid-Europe are sentenced to die." He also appears in numbers 177 and 226 of our list, and this isn't his final appearance either.

"Finds Jews Here Apathetic to Plight Of Those Abroad … Emphasizing that 6,000,000 European Jews are dead as the result of wartime persecution … The meeting was sponsored by the Stephen Wise Zionist District …"

Brooklyn Eagle (NY), October 29, 1945, page 3.

James Grover McDonald, would later become the first U.S. Ambassador to the State of Israel.

editor's note:

Faithful to its tradition of furnishing a free forum for discussion, FREE WORLD in this issue presents two viewpoints on the burning question of Palestine. The first is by Dr. Nahum Goldmann, in his dual capacity as Chairman of the Executive of the World Jewish Congress, and as Political Representative in the United States of the Executive of the Jewish Agency for Palestine. The second viewpoint is presented by Abdel Rahman Azzam Bey, Secretary of the Arab League. Further facets of this question, so vital that men are killing each other over it in Palestine at this

writing, will be presented in future issues of FREE WORLD.

FREE WORLD desires however to make clear that its editorial position deprecates arguments based on blood and soil. Much more compelling, within the FREE WORLD concept, is that there are thousands upon thousands of human beings who have fled from persecution or are homeless due to war. These people must be given a place to live—that is the important fact. FREE WORLD believes it to be the duty of the United Nations as a body—undeterred by threats from any quarters whatsoever—to meet the compelling necessity of providing a home for the one and one-half million of homeless European Jews. FREE WORLD will welcome further opinions on how this can be accomplished.

I.

THE JEWISH PROBLEM MUST BE SOLVED NOW

by NAHUM GOLDMANN

IN the last few weeks the Jewish problem, one of the most urgent and tragic of our times, has again claimed headlines in the daily press. And yet it is not a new problem. The reason for its immediacy is that with war's end the extent of the Jewish tragedy has become known. Facts so horrible and fantastic that millions refuse to believe them, have become so evident that the conscience of even this not too sensitive generation feels obligated to find a solution to the problem.

That which we see today is the result of two historical facts: The age-old Jewish homelessness, and its aggravation by the nazi extermination policy. It is only because of the homelessness of the Jewish people, dispersed all over the world, persecuted and discriminated against in many parts of it, that Hitler's policy of annihilation could have been undertaken at all. As a result, the world now faces a Jewish problem so urgent there can be no further delay in solving it. There are two aspects involved: (1) the immediate problem of placing Jews surviving in the formerly Hitler-dominated countries of Europe, the remnant of over seven mil-

lion, and (2) the fundamental problem of normalizing the status of the Jewish people.

Let us first analyze the immediate problem. Approximately six million Jews were killed or starved to death by the nazis during the war. Today there are one and one-half million Jews in Europe.

The position of these surviving Jews is one of indescribable misery and poverty. They have lost everything—not only their capital and property, but their most essential possessions. They have neither clothing nor dwelling places. Everything was taken by the nazis or the collaborationists to whom the nazis turned over Jewish property. One might think that with the physical extermination of 80 per cent of European Jewry, there would be no problem for those who survived. But it is one of the most glaring and tragic manifestations of the deeply rooted character of anti-semitism and of the anomaly of the Jewish position, that, although six million have been exterminated, the problem of the one and one-half million survivors is greater and more acute than it was before nazi liquidation.

NOVEMBER, 1945

41

"Approximately six million Jews were killed or starved to death by the nazis during the war. ... although six million have been exterminated, the problem of the one and one-half million survivors is greater ..."

Commentaries

Br Dr. Harry J. Stars. Rabbi

"Strange Fruit"

Are ye not as the children of the Ethiopians unto Me, O, children of Israel? saith the Lord.

Have not I brought up Israel out of the land of Egypt.

And the Philistines from Caphtor,

And Aram from Kir?—Ames IX:?

Have we not all one father?

Hath not one God created us?

Why do we deal treacherously every man against his brother Profession the covenant of our fathers? — Malachi II:10

Montrealers had the privilege recently of witnessing the premier performance of a moving play. "Strange Fruit", by Lillian Smith, Believing with Maxwell Anderson that "the theatre is a religious institution devoted entirely to the excitation of the spirit of man," I do not hesitate to comment from the pulpit on the dramatic performance and thus build a bridge between the theatre playform and the pulpit platform. Lillian Smith presents in her play an explosive problem which we must ultimately solve not only in the South of the United States but everywhere on the face of the globe where cruelty and humilation degrade mankind. The real question dramatized in "Strange Fruit" has to do with "the oppressed". When and how shall the oppressed of the world be free? Whenever peoples are denied the full expression of their personalities and live under conditions of prejudice and intolerance these constitute the down-trodden.

There is no doubt that the thirteen million Negroes of the United States present a grave minority problem. Involuntarily they were brought to America and enslaved. A bloody civil war was fought for their emancipation under the inspiring guidance of the immortal Abraham Lincoln. The constitution of the United States protects the Negro as a citizen of this greatest democracy. Yet the paradox is that in this great free land the black man is so restricted as to work and opportunity in every department of the state of the constitutes the greatest democracy.

shame of America.

To a large extent what is true of the Children and the Negro is equally so in our Dominion. How size explain the excitement that is so dominant in the baseball would at present because a Negro youth, lack Robinson, had been made a member of the Montreal Royals? And who knows yet of the consequences to follow because the "unwritten law" in international baseball has been broken! What a sad commentary all this is on our American-Canadian civilization!

The Jewish people is another oppressed group. With the

the Jew was given political and civil rights in most civilized kinds. But now, one hundred and fifty years following his emancipation, look what the hostile world has done to the Jew in the kest decade! The horror of the Middle Ages with all forms of torture was brought down upon European Israel with the result that six millions of Jews perished. And even in democratic lands the Jew is placed under quotas if he seeks higher learning. If he is ambitious he is charged with being aggressive. And in the world of business he is actually feared. For most non-Jews the Jew seems to be a myth more than a reality. Somehow he is not treated as a fellow human being, for the most part. Who can deny that Jews belong to the appressed of the earth? In India there are the untouchables. On the European continent there are to this day all sorts of appressed minorities struggling for freedom.

The worker of society is still oppressed. Does the laboring man get what he ought to get under our economic system, where exploitation rules? No wonder that labour now is crying out for the opportunity to share in the nations' wealth. When will the co-operative society emerge and thus liberate the workers of

world?

All these oppressed groups will, indeed, win their freedom when they themselves sacrifice and it need be light for their own smandpation. Cringing will not do! And the decent of society must help the oppressed in the fight for their emancipation. Freedom for all is the responsibility of all decent men and women. Hence the great need for us to develop the cosmic conscious tess which causes us to see the universe as sverybody's world! It must be thus one world for all peoples or no world!

But this world democracy must be organised and hinges for its endurance upon our inward growth of spirit. The test of a diviliable being is his or her capacity is symposhy, pity and compassion toward the weak of society. This is the basis of the command: "Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself." Here is where relicion, education and democracy must play the part of

disciplining us in brotherhood.

The most tragic, hourible war in history has just been brought to an end. From it we must have learned that in God's world garden there is no strange fruit but rather a variety of fruit. It is this variety in nature which gives becauty to this world. God

We predict that Lillian Smith's play will have much success when it reaches Broadway. It preaches a great message on summons all of us to dedicate ourselves to combat injustice on

of instantiv and equality.

They are slaves, who had to speak For the inflem and the meek;
They are slaves, who will not choose Hatred, southing and abuse.
Hather than in silence shrink
From the traff they needs must think
They are slaves, who dans not be in the fight with two or three."

"The horror of the Middle Ages with all forms of torture was brought down upon European Israel with the result that six millions of Jews perished."

The Canadian Jewish Review, November 2, 1945, page 10.

This article was written by Rabbi Dr. Harry J. Stern, who in March 1943 predicted "Six millions in mid-Europe are sentenced to die." He also appeared in numbers 177, 226, and 233 of our list.

LEBANON DAILY NEWS, LEBANON, PA

PAGE FLEVEN

AN APPEAL TO THE CONSCIENCE OF AMERICA

A Sound Solution

to Jewish Homelessness

This is a map of the Middle East. Seven million square miles of Arab lands—and tiny Palestine, promised to the Jewish people, a mere ten thousand square miles—less than one-tenth of one per cent in area—And Still Begrudged To Them.

The Jewish People Need Palestine! The Jewish People Have a Right to Palestine!

HERE ARE THE FACTS:

• The historic connection of the Jewish people with Palestine dates from Biblical times.
• In our own day, in 1917, Great Britain, recognizing this historic connection, issued the Balfour Declaration pledging the development of Palestine as a National Home for the lewish people.
• In July, 1922, the League of Nations—52
  member nations—gave to Great Britain the
  Mandate over Polestine to facilitate Jewish\nimmigration and close settlement by the
  Jews on the land, for the purpose of establish\nin a lewish Hameland.
• In September, 1922, the Congress of the United States, by Joint Resolution, gave its recognition and approval to the Balfour Declaration.

• In 1924, Great Britoin and the United States signed a Treaty ratifying the Balfour Declaration and the Mandate, requiring the assent of the United States to any modification of the Mandate.

  In 1939, CONTRARY TO THESE LEGAL GUARANTEES, and in violation of its agreement with the United States of America, Great Britain issued a White Paper nullifying the terms of the Mandote, and closing the doors of Palestine to further Jewish immigration and land nurshase.

As a direct result of this action, hundreds of thousands were barred from their own home land, and left to ruthless sloughter by the Nazis. Protests to Great Britain went un heeded. The excuse always was, "Militan Expediency."

In 1944, however, both the Republican and Democratic parties, recognizing the great wrong that had been done to the Jewisl people, included in their platforms pledge supporting the opening of Palestine to unre stricted Jewish immigration and the establishment there of a free and democratic Jewisl Commonwealth. With the ending of the war the Zewish people had every reason to expect that Great Britain would immediately reverse its White Paper policy of 1939.

This Has Not Been Done!

Six million Jews have perished—victims of the Nazis

A million and a half still remain in Europe (in fact, 100,000 still in concentration comps). The ast majority among them look to Palestine as the answer to their homelessness.

We appeal to the conscience of America to assert itself.

We ask that these victims of Nazi appression be given—not pity, not words, but JUSTICE 3Y ACTION. AND THE TIME FOR ACTION IS NOW.

Every dictate of law, humanity and national honor—every principle for which this war was fought—demands that the gates of Palestine be opened to unrestricted Jewish immigration and to the establishment there of a free and democratic Jewish Commonwealth.

EMERGENCY COUNCIL, 624 Chestnut Street, Lebanon, Pa.

"Six million Jews have perished—victims of the Nazis"

Lebanon Daily News (PA), November 9, 1945, page 11 (this was a full page advert)

AMTON PRESS, TUESDAY EVENING, NOVEMBER 13, 1945.

Ghosts of Slain Jews at State Dinner

By WALLACE R. DEUEL

SPECIAL CORRESPONDENT To The Binghamton Press and the Chicago Daily News

Washington—There were ghosts at the state banquets for Prime Ministers Attlee and Mackenzie King here last night—the ghosts of the \$000,000 Jews the Germans murdered in Europe during the war.

Flesh and blood rabbis represented the wraiths. A delegation of several hundred of them has been in Washington for the past two days to urge that Palestine be opened up to Jewish immigration.

But the wraiths were more real, in a sense, than the rabbis. For it is the terrible fate that befell that 6,000,000 that is the primary force that moves American policy on Palestine. This force is a desire to save the Jews who survive.

This desire is moving the Truman Administration toward taking some kind of a share of the responsibility for saving the Jews by opening up Palestine to them, the best information here indicates. How far the United States will go in this remains to be seen.

Responsible men here hope that the American people realize what they are getting into if this government accepts responsibility for a Zionist policy. They are getting into a lot of trouble.

If a large number of Jews are allowed into Palestine, the results can be predicted with all the accuracy of the simplest chemical reaction.

The chief result will be Arab revolts against the policy all over the Arab and Moslem worlds.

"There were ghosts at the state banquets for Prime Ministers Attlee and Mackenzie King here last night—the ghosts of the 6,000,000 Jews the Germans murdered in Europe during the war. ... For it is the terrible fate that befell that 6,000,000 that is the primary force that moves American policy on Palestine."

The Binghampton Press (NY), November 13, 1945, page 8.

"Six million Jews have been murdered in the past six years and the problem of finding a home for the two or three million European Jews who remain is one of urgent importance."

Daily Boston Globe, November 22, 1945, page 9.

This article was written by Winston Churchill's son Randolph, who describes himself as "an ardent supporter of Zionism." Nineteen years after he wrote this article, Randolph was at the Zionist Organisation of America's Annual Dinner in New York, to collect on his father's behalf, the Theodor Herzl Award – Gold Medallion, which was "awarded to individuals who have rendered outstanding services to the Zionist cause." 1

1. The Canadian Jewish Chronicle - December 25, 1964, page 6.

Rotary Hears Ex-Navy Chaplain Call Tel Aviv 'Garden Of Eden'

Members of the Rotary Club yesterday afternoon heard the Rev. Lynde E. May, Jr., describe Tel Aviv, Palestine's modern city, as "a Garden of Eden," where "Arabs and Jews work side by side."

Addressing the organization at a meeting in the Rock House on upper Warburton Avenue the Rev. Mr. Max said:

"I am a convinced Zionist, and I will do everything in my power to see to it that there be a place that the Jews can call their own—a homeland that is truly theirs. It is a place for the Jews and they should be allowed to go there."

Mr. May described his visits in Palestine after service in the Navy as a chaplain, discovering in Tel Aviv "the heart and soul of Palestine." and finding in that discovery "a thrilling, eye-opening experience." The city is "a modern miracle." he reported, "with parkways like our own, modern buildings, lighting, plumbing, attire of the people, and with citizens all of whom are boosters."

"It is the thing that, I am convinced. Lord Balfour and the humanitarians of the world dreamed of, a place for all Jews to come and call their own." "The bulk of the friction in the Near East," said the speaker, "is not in Palestine, but in Egypt," Zion 'Timetable,"

Mr. May was introduced by Rabbi Benjamin Schultz who in turn was presented by Brigadier Samson Hodges, of the Rotary foreign affairs committee.

The rabbi offered 'a timetable' of Jewish yearning for Palestine from 70 A.D., when the temple in Jerusalem was destroyed, to the present. After 2,000 years of persecution, he said, there came the Balfour Declaration in 1917, with ratification by Congress in 1922 and the subsequent immigration of 600,000 to Palestine from all over the world.

"With the White Paper barring Jews from Palestine in 1939," he said, "Britain reneged Churchill protested the White Paper, and in 1940 Churchill reneged. In 1945 the British Labor Party promised to implement the Balfour Declaration, but after it won the election, it reneged.

"Meanwhile six million Jews of Europe have been slaughtered, and 50 a day are dying in the American zone of occupation, while the gates of Palestine are sealed."

Thomas Appleyard, vice-president, conducted the session.

"Meanwhile six million Jews of Europe have been slaughtered."

Chapter One

Master of the Terrestrial World

"The theoretical doctrines of (Isaac) Luria's Cabala (Kabbalah) were later on taken up by the Ḥasidim and organized into a system. Luria's influence was first evident in certain mystical and fanciful religious exercises, by means of which, he held, one could become master of the terrestrial world."

• Entry: 'Cabala', Subsection: 'Luria's Cabala', Jewish Encyclopedia, Volume III (1902), page 469.

"As a mystic, (Elie) Wiesel takes seriously the doctrine of evil advanced by the sixteenth-century Kabbalah. The teachings of Isaac Luria, transmitted by his disciple Hayyim Vital,"

Horowitz, Rosemary. Elie Wiesel and the Art of Storytelling. McFarlen & Co.; NC, 2006, page 85.

Israeli scholar Israel Shahak wrote in his controversial 1994 book Jewish History, Jewish Religion:

"The cabbala is of course an esoteric doctrine, and its detailed study was confined to scholars. In Europe, especially after about 1750, extreme measures were taken to keep it secret and forbid its study except by mature scholars and under supervision." (footnote no.5, to chapter 3)

Revisionists before me have searched for any significance of the 6,000,000 figure in Jewish religious texts. An article easily found on the internet, which seems to have been written by a Michael Fishwick, was entitled "The Sacred Nature of Six Million in the Judaic Religion. Why Six Million Victims cannot be Questioned", and originally posted on "Fish Eaters Traditional Catholic Forum" in February 2009. "Fishwick" postulates that the 6,000,000 is obtained by multiplying the 600,000 representing the Jews present at Mount Sinai when Moses received the Torah from God, by the number of

Michael Fishwick - 11th February 2009

SIX MILLIONAIRES BOY'S CLUB

On the previous page are just some of the men who claimed Six Million Jews were in peril, or were involved in the \$6,000,000 Jewish campaigns, or were claiming the Nazis had killed 6,000,000 Jews before the world supposedly found out this was the number on December 14, 1945.

Top Row (L-R): Rabbi Stephen S. Wise, Prominent American Zionist

Louis Marshall, Co-founder and president of the American Jewish Committee

Max Nordeau, Co-founder of the World Zionist Organisation

Dr. Shmaryahu Levin, Russian-Jewish Zionist Chaim Weizmann, Future first President of Israel Dr. Nahum Goldmann, President World Jewish Congress Rabbi Abba Hillel Silver, Prominent American Zionist

Second Row (L-R): Ilya Ehrenburg, Russian-Jewish writer

Nathan Straus, co-owner of Macy's Department Store

Randolph Churchill, son of Winston Churchill

Rabbi Louis Israel Newman, Zionist and a protégé of Rabbi Stephen S. Wise Rabbi Harry J. Stern, Lithuanian born, Canadian based writer and Zionist

Felix Moritz Warburg, Banker

Martin H. Glynn, Former Governor of New York State

Third Row (L-R): Eliahu Dobkin, Of the Jewish Agency, de facto government of Jewish settlers in Palestine

Wallace Ranking Deuel, of the Office of Strategic Services

William Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury

Cyril Garbett, Archbishop of York

Jacob Lestchinsky, Economist and newspaper man William Pettus Hobby, Governor of the State of Texas Paul Ghali, Journalist for the Chicago Daily News

Fourth Row (L-R): Charles Green, Archbishop of Wales

Victor Gollancz, British-Jewish publisher

Joseph Thon, of the National Organization of Polish Jews in America

Joseph Hertz, Chief Rabbi of the British Empire

Edward M. M. Warburg, Philanthropist, son of Felix Moritz Warburg

Hiram Warren Johnson, Governor of the State of California Samuel Sydney Silverman, Member of British Parliament

Fifth Row (L-R): Robert W. Schiff, Chairman of the United Jewish Fund of Columbus, OH

Rabbi Peretz Halpern Rabbi Ephraim Fischoff

Rabbi Charles E. Shulman, Author Rabbi Sidney Jerome Jacobs, Journalist

Samuel Mason, Manager of the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society

Meredith Nicholson, Author

Sixth Row (L-R): Robert Briscoe, Irish Jewish politician, later Lord Mayor of Dublin

Judge William M. Lewis, Zionist and National chairman of the United Palestine Appeal

Professor Selig Brodetsky, President of the Board of Deputies of British Jews

Dr. Joseph Dunner, German Jew, Zionist and scholar

Jacob Billikopf, Executive director of the Federation of Jewish Philanthropies

Dr. Jacob Robinson, of the Institute of Jewish Affairs

Albert E. Thomas, Chairman of the United Jewish Fund of Fort Wayne, IN

Seventh (L-R): Boris David Bogen, of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee

Judge Leon Sanders, Grand Master of B'rith Abraham McCarthy, future first U.S. Ambassador to Israel

James Brooks Ayers Robertson, Governor of the State of Oklahoma Cyrus Adler, Chancellor of the Jewish Theological Seminary of America

James Middleton Cox, Governor of Ohio, Democratic U.S. Presidential Candidate, 1920

Bennett Silverblatt, Attorney